美式英語音標分類解析 (菁選3篇)
美式英語音標分類解析1
manner
(發(fā)音)方式
1.stop
爆破音--是指發(fā)音器官在口腔中形成阻礙,然后氣流沖破阻礙而發(fā)出的音。
2.fricative
摩擦音--由發(fā)音器官造成的縫隙使氣流產生摩擦而發(fā)出的聲音。
3.affricate
塞擦音--有塞音和擦音緊密結合所構成的音,發(fā)音時注意最初形成阻礙部位要完全閉塞,然后漸漸打開。
4.nasal
鼻音--口腔氣流通路阻塞,軟腭下垂,鼻腔通氣發(fā)出的聲音。
5.liquid
流音--舌端齒齦測流音 ,舌端緊貼上齒齦,舌前部向硬腭抬起,氣流從舌的一側或兩側滑出。
6.glide
滑音--指發(fā)音器官移向或移離某一發(fā)音動作的.過度音。
美式英語音標分類解析2
place
(發(fā)音)位置
1.bilabial
雙唇音--由上唇和下唇接觸,使語流受阻而構成的一種輔音。
2.labiodental
唇齒音--由唇與牙齒的咬合而發(fā)出的輔音。
3.lingua-dental
舌齒音--牙齒咬著舌頭發(fā)出的音。
4.palatal
上腭音--舌頭貼著上腭發(fā)出的音。
5.lingua-velar
軟顎音--舌頭貼著軟顎發(fā)出的音。
6.glottal
聲門(聲帶)音--自聲門發(fā)出的音。
美式英語音標分類解析3
voice
嗓音
1.voiced
濁音--振動聲帶所發(fā)出的輔音,除氣流受到阻礙外,同時振動聲帶發(fā)出樂音。
2.voiceless
清音--發(fā)音時不振動聲帶所發(fā)出的輔音,即清音純粹由氣流受阻所構成的且不帶樂音。
美式英語音標分類解析 (菁選3篇)擴展閱讀
美式英語音標分類解析 (菁選3篇)(擴展1)
——英語音標發(fā)音竅門3篇
英語音標發(fā)音竅門1
1、重音發(fā)音技巧
每一個英文單詞如果有多個音節(jié),或者一個句子中有多個音節(jié),那么至少有一個音節(jié)是發(fā)重音的,當重音放在某個單詞或音節(jié)的時候,這個詞或者音節(jié)中的母音要發(fā)得重,發(fā)得長一點。當重音沒有放在某個音節(jié)的時候,通常它其中的母音要發(fā)得輕一點,短一點,并且一般會變音成為或,例如 purpose, 正常音標為,而實際發(fā)音為 ; banana,其中ba 與最后音節(jié)na 發(fā)音短而輕,中間音節(jié)的母音a讀得重而長。例句: I didn’t do it on purpose.
2、重音的位置
一般情況下,句子中的名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞,these (those), why (what, which, wh*,……)需要重讀;句子中的功能性單詞(冠詞a, the等, 指代詞I, he, she, his, her, your, my等, 位置介詞in, on, behind等, 連詞and, but等, 助動詞do, dose等)。但在句子中,如果為了特殊強調某項內容,那么不受上述規(guī)則的限制。
3、重音對詞義的影響
句子中的單詞,如果發(fā)重音時,一般該單詞發(fā)的重而長。單詞內部重音位置的不同,會影響詞的'性質。當重音放在第一個音節(jié)時,通常該詞為名詞或形容詞,當重音放在后面的音節(jié)時,通常該詞為動詞,例如: ’permit, n 通行證,許可證; per’mit, v,被允許; ’perfect, adj, 完美的,per’fect, vt, 改善,使…完美。
4、清(濁)輔音對母音發(fā)音的影響
在有聲子音(濁輔音)前,母音通常發(fā)得比較長,在無聲子音(清輔音)前,母音通常發(fā)得比較短,例如: eyes & ice, seed & sit等等的區(qū)別。這也是聽力中區(qū)別單詞的技巧。
5、can & can’t發(fā)音區(qū)別
I can help you 重音放在help上; can’t help you 重音放在can’t上,發(fā)音依然為can, 但隨其后的 ’t 做稍微停頓。 I can help you,如果把重音放在can 上,外國人會誤認為不能幫他。
6、thirteen & thirty發(fā)音區(qū)別
Thirteen 重音在thir’teen, thirty重音放在第一個音節(jié)上 ’thirty.
7、助動詞重音
當為了強調某個動詞時,一般會重讀前面的助動詞,如果前面沒有助動詞,需要添加助動詞do然后重讀,eg. He has (重讀) done his work, 為了強調他“做”; he spoke, 為了強調他確實說話了,應該為 he did (重讀) speak。
英語音標發(fā)音竅門2
1、以輔音結尾的單詞+元音開頭的單詞:
如:
(1)I’d li(ke a)nother bow(l o)f rice. 這里like / laik / 以輔音結尾,another 以元音開頭,所以連讀;
(2)We have an English friend. 這個句子有兩處連讀:前一處是have的尾輔音/v/與an的開頭元音//連讀為/v/;后一處是an的尾輔音/n/與English的開頭音素/i/連讀為/ni/。
舉例:I’m~an~English boy. It~is~an~old book. Let me have~a look~at~it.
Ms Black workedin~an~office last~yesterday. I called~you half~an~hour~ago.
Put~it~on, please.Not~at~all. Please pick~it~up.
注意:以輔音結尾指的是音標中的最后一個音是輔音,而不是單詞的結尾,這如同u[ju:.]niversity前面的定冠詞必須用a 一樣。
2、以輔音結尾的單詞 + h開頭的單詞h不發(fā)音,與前面的輔音連讀
what wil(l he) [wili]do? Ha(s he) done it before? Mus(t he) [ti] go?
Can he do it? Should he….?
Tell him to ask her…. Lea(ve him) [vim]. For him (連讀這個詞,會發(fā)現和forum 很相似)
3、以-r或-re字母結尾的單詞+元音開頭的單詞時,可將/r/與后面的元音拼讀。
如:They looked for it here and there.這個句子也有兩處連讀:前一處是for it合讀為/frit/,后一處是here and合讀為/hirnd/。舉例:They’re my father~and mother. I looked for~it here~and there.There~is a football under~it. There~are some books on the desk. Here~is aletter for you. Here~are four~eggs. But where~is my cup? Where~are yourbrother~and sister?
注意,如果一個音節(jié)的前后都有字母r,即使后面的詞以元音開頭,也不能連讀。 The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.(nearer與and不可連讀)
4、“輔音+半元音”型連讀
英語語音中的/j/和/w/是半元音,如果前一個詞是以輔音結尾,后一個詞是以半元音,特別是/j/開頭,此時也要連讀。
舉例:Thank~you. Nice to meet~you. Did~you get there late~again?Would~you like~a cup~of tea? Could~you help me, please?
5、“元音+元音”型連讀
如果前一個詞以元音結尾,后一個詞以元音開頭,這兩個音往往也要自然而不間斷地連讀到一起。
舉例:I~am Chinese. He~is very friendly to me. She wants tostudy~English. How~and why did you come here? She can’t carry~it. It’ll takeyou three~hours to walk there. The question is too~easy for him to answer.
6、a & the型連讀
a & the 一般與后面的單詞連讀,并且輕而短。特殊情況 a university.
7、注意:連讀現象只出現在意群內部,意群與意群之間的兩個相鄰單詞即使符合上面所講的兩個條件,也不連讀。
如:I hope it'll get a little warmer. 這個句子中的hope it就不連讀為/hupit/,因為主句I hope是一個意群,后面的從句是另一個意群。
舉例:Is~it a~hat or a cat?(hat與or之間不可以連讀)
There~is~a goodbook in my desk. (book與in之間不可以連讀)
Can youspeak~English or French? (English與or之間不可以連讀)
Shall we meetat~eight or ten tomorrow morning? (meet與 at,eight與or不連讀)
She opened thedoor and walked~in. (door與and之間不可以連讀)
英語音標發(fā)音竅門3
由于失去爆破是失音的一種現象,摩擦音也會被失去,所以統稱為失音。注意:爆破音并不是完全失去,仍然形成阻礙,把氣流堵在里面,但不爆破,稍作停頓,直接發(fā)出相鄰的輔音。失去爆破6個爆破音有3對/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/。規(guī)則:
1、發(fā)生在單詞內部的不完全爆破
如:bla (ck) board, foo (t) ball, ke (p) t等。括號中的輔音字母對應的輔音音素/k/,/t/,/p/稍作停頓,沒發(fā)出音來。
2、發(fā)生在單詞之間的不完全爆破
不完全爆破在兩個相鄰單詞之間出現的情況非常多。
①爆破音中的任何兩個爆破音相鄰時,前一爆破音失去爆破。如a bi(g) car等。舉例:
The girl in there(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.
The bi(g) bus fromthe fa(c) tory is full of people.
Wha(t) time doeshe get up every morning
This is an ol(d)pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.
The ol(d) do(c)torhas a ca(t), too.
、诒埔糁械'任何一個后接摩擦音/f/, /s/,/W/,/T/時,前面的爆破音失去爆破。舉例:
Goo(d) morning,Mr. Bell.
Uncle Li’sfa(c)tory is qui(te) near to the cinema.
I wen(t) therealone a(t) nine las(t) night.
Do you know hisbi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don’(t) know. (I didn'(t) say so.)
The forty-firs(t)lesson is qui(te) difficult.
、郾埔艉蠼/t/, /d/, /tr/, /dr /時,前面的爆破音失去爆破。如a grea(t) change等。④爆破音后接/m/, /n/, /l/時,前面的爆破音失去爆破。如a bi(t) more expensive等。
3、失音的條件:相鄰的兩詞在意義上必須密切相關,同屬一個意群。連讀所構成的音節(jié)一般都不重讀,只需順其自然地一帶而過,不可讀得太重,也不可音。(連讀符號:~)
美式英語音標分類解析 (菁選3篇)(擴展2)
——英語音標學習:輔音
英語音標學習:輔音1
清輔音(Voiceless consonants):不震動聲帶,只送氣
濁輔音 (Voiced consonants): 震動聲帶,發(fā)出聲音
其他:(Other consonants):下節(jié)課講
美式英語音標分類解析 (菁選3篇)(擴展3)
——英語音標拼讀技巧
英語音標拼讀技巧1
1、字母與發(fā)音一一對應的輔音
b -- ball
d -- dog
f -- fish
h -- hat
j -- jump
k -- kite
l -- leg
m -- man
n -- not
p -- pen
q – quick
r -- run
s -- sun
t -- ten
v -- vest
w -- water
z -- zoo
(注意q與u總是連在一起的)
2、有多個發(fā)音的輔音:
字母 發(fā)音 例詞
c字母c后面接a,o,u的時候,c的發(fā)音與字母k發(fā)音相同,叫做“hard c sound”cat, cap, call, coat, cup
當字母c后面接e,i,或y的時候,通常c的發(fā)音與字母s發(fā)音相同,叫做“soft c sound”city, ice, rice, face, cell, cent,voice, pencil, juice
有時在e或i前面,c會發(fā)/sh/音 ocean, racial, social
g字母g后面接a,o,u的時候,所發(fā)的音叫做“hard g sound” girl, gas, get,give, go
當字母g后面接e,i,或y的時候,有時g的發(fā)音與字母j的發(fā)音相同,叫做“軟g音”age,change, ginger, Egypt, gentle, giraffe, badge
特例:forget, give, girl中的g發(fā)hard sound
x x在單詞中間或結尾時發(fā)/ks/音 box, next, mix, six,fox
x在單詞中間時有時發(fā)/gz/音 exit, exam, exact
x在單詞起始位置時發(fā)/z/音 xylophone, xerox
y y在單詞起始位置時發(fā)音為輔音 yes, you, yard, year, yell
y在單詞或音節(jié)中間或結尾時被當做元音
y在結尾,單詞只有一個音節(jié)時y發(fā)長/i/音,
y在結尾,單詞有兩個或以上音節(jié)時y發(fā)長/e/音
y在單詞或音節(jié)中間時,發(fā)短/i/音
小測試:my, cry, fly, sky
3、輔音字母組合
輔音字母組合的發(fā)音很簡單,就是把每個輔音字母的發(fā)音連在一起就可以了。
之所以要把它們單獨列出來,一個重要的原因就是,每個輔音字母組合是作為一個整體來看待的,在劃分音節(jié)的時候是不能把這些輔音字母組合分開的。
音節(jié)的劃分對于一個單詞的讀音至關重要,我們所學的自然拼音法發(fā)音規(guī)律,其實都是針對單個音節(jié)的,對于多音節(jié)的單詞來說,要先把單詞劃分為一個一個的音節(jié),然后再對每個音節(jié)應用自然拼音法發(fā)音規(guī)律。
音節(jié)的劃分規(guī)律在后面我們會講述,目前只需要熟記這些字母組合,以備后用。
字母組合 例詞:
帶有l(wèi)的字母組合
bl black,blame, bless, blue, blast
cl --clock,class, clap, clue, close
fl --flag,fly, flat, flash, flower
gl --glass,glad, glide, glue, globe
pl --plate,plane, place, plus, plan
sl --sled,sleep, slow, slide, slim
帶有r的字母組合
br --bridge,break, brave, brown, bread
cr --crab,crack, crop, crown, creek
dr --dress,drag, drink, drive, drop
fr --frog,fresh, free, from, front
gr --grape,grade, grass, grin, grunt
pr --press,pride, price, print, proof
tr --truck,track, true, train, tree
帶有s的字母組合
sc --scale,scar, score, scare, scuff
sk --skate,skip, skill, skull, skin
sm --smoke,smile, smog, smell, smear
sn --snake,snap, snore, snow, snug
sp --spoon,spin, spot, spell, sport
st --stop,stack, stay, step, still
sw --swim,swell, swing, sweet, swift
tw --twig,tweet, twist, twin, twine
三字母組合
shr --shrink,shred, shrill, shrimp, shrub
spl --splash,split, splice, splint, splurge
spr --spread,spring, spree, sprain, spray
squ --square,squad, squirrel, squat, squeak
str --string,strip, straw, stream, street
thr --throw,three, throne, thrift, thrill
在結尾的字母組合
ck(只發(fā)一個/k/音) --duck, pack, quick, luck, rock
ld --cold,gold, held, mild, bald
lk --milk,silk, elk, sulk, skulk
mp --lamp,damp, champ, hump, dump
nch --inch,ranch, lunch, bench, crunch
nd --hand,kind, bend, stand, mind
ng(這個音比較特別,是舌頭抵住上顎后方所發(fā)出的鼻音)--ring, long, sing, wing, lung
nk --sink,bank, trunk, pink, ink
nt --tent,ant, hunt, sent, mint
sh --fish,rash, brush, wish, trash
st --vest,last, test, list, lost
4、復合字母構成的單音
簡單的說,consonant digraph就是兩個(或三個)輔音字母在一起只發(fā)一個音,通常指以下四種組合:ch(tch),sh,wh和th。
ch和sh的發(fā)音有點類似中文“吃”和“濕”發(fā)音的前半部分,比如下列例詞:chair,check,shoe,shop。
wh的發(fā)音可能會比較令人混淆,不同的歷史時期,不同地方的人wh的發(fā)音會有一些不同。
但現在在美式發(fā)音里,公認的說法是,一般來說wh與/w/發(fā)音相同,但在o前面發(fā)/h/音,比如when,what,whale,who,whole。
th的.發(fā)音則需要一些記憶力了,在下面這些常用詞里,th發(fā)濁音(舌尖在上下牙齒中間,聲帶需要振動,聲音從牙齒和舌頭之間的縫隙里出來):they, them-, their, theirs, the, this, that, these, those, then-,than, though, thus, there-(注意,如果一個單詞后面帶有小橫線,就是指以這個單詞開始的所有單詞,比如them-包括there,therefore,thereafter等)。
其它以th開始的單詞基本上都發(fā)清音(舌尖在上下牙齒中間,聲音從牙齒和舌頭之間的縫隙里出來,但是聲帶不振動),比如think,thank,thirty等。
不發(fā)音的輔音字母(Silent Consonants)
在有些輔音字母組合中,其中一個字母是不發(fā)音的,該組合所發(fā)的音與發(fā)音的那個輔音字母所發(fā)音相同。
下面列出了這些組合:
字母組合 不發(fā)音字母 例詞
gh h ghost,ghetto, ghastly
gn g gnat,gnarl, gnaw, gnome, sign
kn k knife,knit, know, knock, knee
mb b comb, lamb,thumb, dumb, climb
pn p pneumonia
ps p psalm,psychic, psychology
rh h rhinoceros,rhyme, rhythm
sc c scissors,scent, scene, scenery, scenario
wr w wrong,wrist, wrap, wretch, wrench
gh gh light,high, eight, sigh, night
5、元音概述
我將對元音的發(fā)音作詳細講解。
英語里元音的發(fā)音比較復雜,每個元音都可以發(fā)多個音,掌握了元音的發(fā)音規(guī)律才能對整個單詞的發(fā)音有比較準確的掌握。
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元音概述(The Basics About Vowels)
常說的元音字母有五個:a,e,i,o,u,另外y在一個單詞的中間或結尾時也被當做元音。
每個單詞里都包含有至少一個元音。
每個單詞的每個音節(jié)里都包含有至少一個元音。
元音是單詞的“最強音”。
元音所發(fā)的音取決于該元音在單詞中的位置或它是如何與其它元音組合的。
一般來說,除了以下幾種情況外,元音都發(fā)短音:
1. 該元音是元音字母組合的一部分
2. 該元音后面有字母r
3. 該元音在一個單詞或重讀音節(jié)的結尾
4. 單詞以字母e結尾
5. 該元音是元音規(guī)則的特例
6、短元音
短元音 例詞
A a-------------- ant, and, cat, fast, map
E e-------------- egg, net, let, bed, tent
I i---------------- inch, bit, stick, pin, pig
O o-------------- ox, hot, top, not, got
U u-------------- up, bus, sum, cup, mud
Y y(在單詞中部,發(fā)短i音)------------pyramid, lynx, typical, bicycle, symbol
7、長元音
如果一個單詞以字母e結尾,前面的元音發(fā)長音(magic e)。
如果一個元音是在一個單詞或重讀音節(jié)的結尾,該元音也發(fā)長音,
所謂長音就是該元音字母的名字,如A的長音發(fā)音為/ei/。
當一個單詞或音節(jié)里只有一個元音時,該元音發(fā)短音,
而當這個單詞或音節(jié)后面加上字母e,剛才的元音就發(fā)長音了,而字母e只起到讓前面的元音發(fā)長音的作用,自己是不發(fā)音的。
例如:can,其中的a發(fā)短音,如果結尾加上e,變?yōu)閏ane,元音a就發(fā)長音了,而e不發(fā)音,我們管字母e叫做magic e。
下面的例詞都是屬于這類的:
game, safe, make, gate, whale
Pete, complete, athlete
nine, side, mile, kite, nice
note, rose, globe, those, bone
cube, rule, June, mute, dune (注意元音u的長音聽上去有兩種,一種就是字母u的名字,另一種則類似漢語拼音u的發(fā)音,因為有些輔音與u在一起發(fā)不出字母u的音,就以漢語拼音u的音來代替,比如rule。)
當元音在單詞或重讀音節(jié)結尾時,該元音發(fā)長音,例如:paper, be, she, legal, fiber,piano, open, future, human等等
注意Y在單詞的結尾時被當作元音來使用,
當單詞只有一個音節(jié)時,Y與元音I的長音發(fā)音相同,例如:cry, try, by, my。
當單詞有兩個或以上音節(jié)時,Y在單詞結尾與元音E的長音發(fā)音相同,例如:puppy, baby,candy, city, sorry等。
上節(jié)講到,當一個單詞或音節(jié)里只有一個元音時,該元音發(fā)短音,而當這個單詞或音節(jié)后面加上字母e,剛才的元音就發(fā)長音了,而字母e只起到讓前面的元音發(fā)長音的作用,自己是不發(fā)音的。
這個規(guī)律可以擴展到復合元音字母的情況,當一個單詞或音節(jié)里有兩個元音時,通常第一個元音發(fā)長音,第二個元音不發(fā)音。
例如:
ai, ay 發(fā)長A音,如sail, fail, day, say等。
ea, ee, 發(fā)長E音,如 meal, tea, need,feed等。
ie 發(fā)長I音,如 tie, lie, pie等。
oa, oe 發(fā)長O音,如 load, coat, toe等。
ue, ui 發(fā)長U音,如glue, suit, blue,fruit等。
但是,有一些不規(guī)則情況使得phonics的規(guī)則變得復雜起來,這也正是學習英語單詞有挑戰(zhàn)性的地方。
在一些特殊情況下,單詞里只有一個元音的時候,該元音是發(fā)長音的,如:
i后面接gh, gn, ld, 或nd時,i發(fā)長音,如sign, high, child, kind等。
o后面接ld, st時,o有時發(fā)長音,如cold, gold, most,host等,但接st時有時還是發(fā)短音的,如lost, cost.
有些復合元音字母也不遵循上述長音規(guī)律,見下表:
字母組合 所發(fā)音 例詞
ea 短e head, bread, heavy, dead, ready
ei 長a eight, veil, neigh, weight, freight
oo 長u(類似漢語拼音的u) moon, zoo, school, pool, tool
oo 短u(類似漢語拼音的u) book, look, wood, foot, cookie
eu 長u euro, feud, eulogy, sleuth, pneumonia
ew 長u chew, new, few, stew, blew
ie 長e yield, chief, relief, believe, puppies
ey 長e monkey, money, honey, hockey, volley
學習phonics,除了要熟記各種規(guī)則外,還應多讀,多練,才能把各種不規(guī)則發(fā)音牢記在心,靈活運用。
8、雙元音
雙元音Diphthong與上節(jié)所述的復合元音字母構成的單音(digraph)的區(qū)別在于,diphthong是兩個元音在一起所發(fā)的音是兩個元音音素組合在一起的,所以聽上去有兩個音,盡管這兩個音并不是兩個元音所單獨發(fā)出的,而digraph是兩個元音在一起,但是只發(fā)一個單音。
把什么元音組合劃歸為雙元音有著不同的說法,一般來說下面兩種發(fā)音肯定是雙元音:
1、 oi, oy組合,把O 和I 的短音組合在一起連貫發(fā)出來,比如coin, voice, toy, boy等。
2、 ou, ow組合,發(fā)音時先發(fā)類似漢語拼音ao的音,然后末尾再加上短促的類似漢語拼音u的音,例如house, found, owl, now等。
帶有r的元音(R-controlled Vowels)
元音字母與r結合起來,會發(fā)全新的音,見下表:
組合 所發(fā)音 例詞
ar字母r的名字 car, marble, far, large, party
or/or/ fork, or, for, core, more, pork
/er/ worm, word, world, doctor, neighbor
er, ir, ur /er/nurse, girl, ever, sir, purple
特殊元音(Special Vowel Sounds)
字母或組合 所發(fā)音 例詞
awpaw, law, raw, saw, dawn
allball, call, fall, mall, tall
auhaul, taught, caught, sauce
oucough, bought, brought, thought
o(后面接ng的時候)song, long,strong, wrong
“broadsound”,比短o音嘴型要小,發(fā)音時間長
a, e, i, o, u 非重讀音(schwa sound),當一個元音在非重讀音節(jié)里時,有時會發(fā)此類音,非常類似漢語拼音里的e,但發(fā)音很輕。
about, elephant, banana, machine, confuse
ce, ci, si, ti 在同一個音節(jié)里這些字母組合后面接另外一個元音時,發(fā)/sh/音ocean, special, mission, nation, delicious, magician
io 后面接字母n時,i發(fā)y音 onion, billion, opinion, stallion
美式英語音標分類解析 (菁選3篇)(擴展4)
——帶音標學習小學英語單詞5篇
帶音標學習小學英語單詞1
red /red/ 紅 blue /blu:/ 藍
yellow /'jel?u/ 黃 green /gri:n/ 綠 white /wait/ 白 black /bl?k/ 黑
pink /pi?k/ 粉紅 purple /'p?:pl/ 紫 orange /'?:rind?/ 橙 brown /braun/ 棕
四、 動物(animals)
cat /k?t/ 貓 dog /d?g/ 狗 pig /pig/ 豬 duck /d?k/ 鴨
rabbit /'r?bit/ 兔子 horse /h?:s/ 馬 elephant /'elif?nt/ 大象
ant /?nt/ ** fish /fi?/ 魚 bird /b?:d/ 鳥
snake /sneik/ 蛇 mouse /maus/ 鼠 kangaroo /,k??g?'ru:/ 袋鼠
monkey /'m??ki/ 猴子 panda /'p?nd?/ 熊貓
bear /b??/ 熊 lion /'lai?n/ 獅 tiger /'taig?/ 老虎
fox /f?ks/ 狐貍 zebra /'zi:br?/ 斑馬
deer /di?/ 鹿 giraffe /d?i'rɑ:f/ 長頸鹿
goose /gu:s/ 鵝 hen /hen/ 母雞
turkey /'t?:ki/ 火雞 lamb /l?m/ 小羊
sheep /?i:p/ 綿羊 goat /g?ut/ 山羊
cow /kau/ 奶牛 shark /'?ɑ:k/ 鯊魚 seal / si:l / 海豹
帶音標學習小學英語單詞2
friend /frend/ 朋友
boy / b?i / 男孩
girl /g?:l/ 女孩
mother /'m?e?/ 母親
father /'fɑ:e?/ 父親
sister /'sist?/ 姐妹
brother /'br?e?/ 兄弟
uncle /'??kl/ 叔叔
man /m?n/ 男人
woman/ 'wum?n/女人
Mr先生 Miss**
lady /'leidi/ 女士
mom /m?m/ 媽媽
dad /d?d/ 爸爸
parents /'p??r?nts/ 父母
grandma /'gr?ndmɑ:/ grandmother /'gr?nd,m?e?/(外)祖母
grandpa /'gr?ndpɑ:/ grandfather /'gr?nd,fɑ:e?/(外)祖父
aunt /ɑ:nt/ 阿姨
cousin /'k?zn/ 堂兄妹
son /s?n/ 兒子
baby /'beibi/ 嬰兒
kid /kid/小孩
classmate/'klɑ:smeit /同學
queen /'kwi:n/ 女
visitor /'vizit?/ 參觀者
neighbour /'neib? / 鄰居
principal /'prins?p?l / 校長
pen pal / pen p?l / 筆友
tourist /'tu:rist / 旅行者
people /'pi:pl / 人物
robot /'r?ub?t / 機器人 六、 職業(yè)(job)
teacher /'ti:t??/ 教師
student /'stju:d?nt/學生
doctor /'d?kt?/ 醫(yī)生
nurse /n?:s/ 護士
driver /'draiv? / 司機
farmer /'fɑ:m?/ 農民
singer /'si??/ 歌唱家
writer /'rait?/ 作家
artist /'ɑ:tist /畫家
actor /'?kt?/男演員
actress/'?ktris/女演員 TV
reporter /ri'p?:t?/ 電視臺**
engineer /,end?i'ni? / 工程師
policeman / p?'li:sm?n /(男)**
salesperson /'seilz,p?:sn / 銷售員
cleaner /'kli:n? / 清潔工
baseball player/'beis,b?:l 'plei?/棒球運動員
assistant / ?'sist?nt / 售貨員
帶音標學習小學英語單詞3
jacket /'d??kit/ 夾克衫
shirt /??:t/ 襯衫
T-shirt T恤衫
skirt /sk?:t/ 短裙子
dress /dres/ 連衣裙
jeans /d?i:nz/ 牛仔褲
pants /p?nts/ /trousers /'trauz?z / 褲子
socks /s?ks/ 襪子
shoes /?u:z/ 鞋子
sweater /'swet?/ 毛衣
coat /k?ut/ 外套
raincoat /'reink?ut/ 雨衣
shorts /??:ts/ 短褲
sandals /'s?ndl/涼鞋
boots /bu:ts/ 靴子
hat /h?t/ 有邊帽
cap /k?p/ 無邊帽
tie /tai/ 領帶
sunglasses /'s?nglɑ:siz/太陽鏡
scarf /skɑ:f/ 圍巾
gloves /gl?vz/手套
帶音標學習小學英語單詞4
cold /k?uld/ 冷的 hot /h?t/ 熱的 warm /w?:m/ 溫暖的 cool /ku:l/ 涼爽的 snowy /sn?ui/下雪的 sunny /'s?ni/晴朗的 rainy /'reini/ 下雨 windy /'windi/ 刮風的 cloudy /'klaudi/ 多云的 weather report /'wee? ri'p?:t/ 天氣預報
帶音標學習小學英語單詞5
spring /spri?/ summer /'s?m?/ fall/autumn/f?:l '?:t?m/ winter/'wint?/
美式英語音標分類解析 (菁選3篇)(擴展5)
——英語語法解析 (菁選3篇)
英語語法解析1
【導語】英語語法讓很多學生都頭疼,因為復雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全,希望對同學們的英語語法學習有所幫助。
有這樣一道考題:
_________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
這道題很有一定難度。具體說來,它主要涉及兩個考點:一是讓步狀語從句倒裝后的詞序問題。讓步狀語從句之所以要采用倒裝結構,主要是為了強調位于句首的名詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞等,其詞序形式為:被強調的成分+as / though + 主語+動詞。二是在倒裝的讓步狀語從句中,位于句首的單數可數名詞是否帶冠詞的問題。按照英語習慣,英語中的單數可數名詞在泛指時,一般要有不定冠詞的修飾,但是位于倒裝讓步狀語從句句首的單數可數名詞是個例外,即使泛指其前也不加不定冠詞。由此可知,上面這道考題的答案應為B。
為了幫助大家全面掌握讓步狀語從句的倒裝用法,本文將這類語法現象歸納為以下五種句型:
一、名詞+as / though+主語+動詞
King as he was, he was unhappy. 他雖是國王,但他并不幸福。
Child as he is, he knows to help other. 他雖是個孩子,但卻知道幫助別人。
Teacher though he is, he can’t know everything. 他雖然是老師,但也不可能什么都懂。
【說明】其中的動詞通常為連系動詞,也就是說位于句首的名詞是其后連系動詞的表語。另外,要特別注意位于句首的名詞前習慣上不用冠詞,即使其前有形容詞修飾也不用冠詞。比較:
Boy as [though] he is, he likes to play with girls.=Though [Although] he is a boy, he likes to play with girls. 他雖是男孩,卻喜歡與女孩子玩。
Strong man as [though] he is, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks.= Though [Although] he is a strong man, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks. 波賽將軍雖然堅強,但在過去的數周里也受到了嚴峻的考驗。
二、形容詞+as / though+主語+動詞
Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他雖然成功,但不驕傲。
Improbable as it seems, it’s true. 雖然看起來不太可能,但卻是真的。
Stupid as it sounds,I was so in love with her that I believed her. 盡管聽起來很愚蠢,我是如此愛她竟然相信了她的話。
Patient as he was,he didn’t like waiting that long. 他雖說有耐心,也不愿等這么長。
Beautiful though the necklace was,we thought it was over-priced. 那條項鏈雖然很漂亮,我們認為價錢太高。
【說明】其中的動詞也通常為連系動詞,也就是說位于句首的形容詞是其后連系動詞的.表語。
三、副詞+as / though+主語+動詞
Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there. 盡管我喜歡巴黎,但我不能住在那里。
Hard though they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind. 盡管他們做了很大努力,卻沒法讓她改變主意。
Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in two days. 盡管你讀得很快,你總不能在兩天之內就讀完這本書。
He was unable to make much progress, hard as he tried. 盡管他做了努力,卻未能取得很大進步。
Heavily as it is raining, the football game has been decided not to be put off. 盡管雨下得很大,但還是決定不推遲足球比賽。
【說明】有的詞典將much as 作為習語看待,認為它是一個用以引導讓步狀語從句的復合連詞。再如:
Much as I admire him as a writer,I do not like him as a man. 他作為一名作家我很佩服他,但我卻不喜歡他這個人。
Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 我盡管很喜歡你, 卻不能和你在一起生活。
四、動詞原形+as / though+主語+動詞
Object as you may, I’ll go. 縱使你反對,我也要去。
Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem. 盡管他想方設法,卻未解決這個問題。
Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 無論怎樣搜查,他們在房子里仍然沒有找到一個人。
Dislike him as we may, we must acknowledge his greatness. 盡管我們不喜歡他,但必須承認他的偉大。
Lose money as I did, we got a lot of experience. 錢雖然丟了,我們卻得到了許多經驗。
Fail in the election as he did, he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery. 盡管落選了,但他卻以其反對***的激烈演說而出了名。
【說明】主語后的動詞通常為may, might, would, did 等情態(tài)動詞或助動詞(若表示情態(tài)意義,則選用情態(tài)動詞;若陳述事實,則用did, do 等助動詞)。
五、分詞+as / though+主語+動詞
Raining hard as it is, I’m going out for a walk. 雖然正在下著大雨,我還是要出去散步。
Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. 雖然我們被敵人包圍著,但我們還是設法前進了。
Munching the apple as he was, he had got an eye for all John’s movements. 他盡管在一個勁地嚼著蘋果,但仍警惕著約翰的一舉一動。
【三條補充說明】
1. 這類倒裝的讓步狀語從句可用as, though 來引導,但不能用although來引導;但是,未倒裝的讓步狀語從句則可用though, although來引導,而不能用as來引導。也就是說,although引導讓步狀語從句時不能倒裝,as引導讓步狀語從句時必須倒裝,而though引導讓步狀語從句時可以倒裝也可以不倒裝。如:
雖然很晚了,但我們還是繼續(xù)工作。
正:Late as [though] it was, we still went on working.
正:Though [Although] it was late, we still went on working.
誤:Late although it was, we still went on working.
誤:As it was late, we still went on working.
2. 上面提到的倒裝結構有時也可用來表示原因,區(qū)別的辦法主要看句子的內容:讓步從句的內容大多數與主句在意義上相反,而原因從句則與主句之間有因果關系。比較:
Tired as he was, he sat up late studying at night. 昨晚他雖然很疲倦了,但還是學習到很晚才睡。(表讓步)
Tired as he was, he went to bed early. 因為很累,所以他睡得很早。(表原因)
Young as he was, he was equal to the task. 他雖年輕,卻能勝任這項工作。(表讓步)
Young as he was, he was not equal to the task. 他因為年輕,所以不能勝任這項工作。(表原因)
3. 在**英語中,人們通常用as…as引導讓步狀語從句。如:
Cold as it was, we went out.=As cold as it was, we went out. 盡管天氣冷,我們還是出去了。
Successful as he is, he is not proud.=As successful as he is, he is not proud. 他雖成功了,但不驕傲。
英語語法倒裝句知識點:“only+狀語”置于句首句子要倒裝
【導語】英語語法讓很多學生都頭疼,因為復雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全,希望對同學們的英語語法學習有所幫助。
請看下面一道涉及only的倒裝試題:
Only in this way __________ able to finish the work in time.
A. can you be B. are you C. you can be D. you are
此題應選 B。容易誤選D。至于A,C,這比較容易排除,因為情態(tài)動詞 can 不能與 be able to用在同一謂語中。本題之所以要選B而不選D,主要是因為句首用了only in thisway 的緣故,按照英語語法規(guī)則:“only+狀語”位于句首,句子通常要用倒裝語序(部分倒裝——用一般疑問句形式)。如:
1. “only 副詞”位于句首。如:
Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 只是到了那時我才意識到是我錯了。
2. “only+介詞短語”位于句首。如:
Only by working hard can you succeed. 只有努力工作你才能成功。
Only in the reading-room can you find him. 你只有在閱覽室才能找到他。
3. “only+狀語從句”位于句首。如:
Only when one loses freedom does one know itsvalue. 一個人只有在失去**后才知道**的可貴。
注意:若位于句首的不是only+狀語,而是 only+賓語等,則通常無需倒裝(但有時也可以倒裝)。如:
Only a policeman the children saw in the street. 孩子們在街上只看到一個**。
Only one more point will I make. 我只再說明一點。
英語語法解析2
【導語】英語語法讓很多學生都頭疼,因為復雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全,希望對同學們的英語語法學習有所幫助。
下面這個句子是考查強調句嗎?答案是哪個?
It was what he meant rather than what he said _________ annoyed me.
A. which B. as C. what D. that
許多同學對此題的結構分析感到無從下手。其實,此題為一個強調句型,空格處應填 that (即選D),被強調成分為 what he meant rather than what he said。句意為“讓我生氣的不是他說的話,而是他話中的意思”。請再看幾例:
(1) It was his nervousness in the interview _________ probably lost him the job.
A. which B. since C. that D. what
答案選C,為強調句型,被強調成分為 his nervousness in the interview,句意為“很可能是面試時表現出緊張,使他失去了這份工作”。
(2) It is the ability to do the job _________ ******* not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
答案選B,為強調句型,被強調成分為 the ability to do the job,句意為“重要的是你做工作的能力,而不是你來自何地或你是從事什么工作的”。
英語語法解析3
【導語】英語語法讓很多學生都頭疼,因為復雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全,希望對同學們的英語語法學習有所幫助。
【句型一】What + (a / an) + 形容詞 + 名詞 + 主語 + 謂語!
What a clever boy he is! (他是個)多么聰明的男孩啊!
What an interesting story it is! (這是個)多么有趣的故事啊!
What fine weather it is! 多好的天氣啊!
What beautiful flowers they are! (它們是)多么漂亮的花啊!
【說明】 在感嘆句中,What a / an 常用來修飾單數可數名詞,若其前面的形容詞為元音開頭,則用 an。what 是用來修飾復數可數名詞和不可數名詞。但有些不可數名詞,如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等,當前面有形容詞修飾,使抽象名詞具體化時,則要用 what a / an,如:
What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一場雨啊!
What a great surprise it is! 這多么令人驚奇啊!
What a rich breakfast it is! 多么豐盛的一頓早餐啊!
【句型二】How + 形容詞 / 副詞 + 主語 + 謂語!
How well you look! 你氣色真好!
How kind you are! 你心腸真好!
How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真好聽!
Strawberries! How nice! 草莓! 多好呀!
How clever the boy is! 這個男孩多么聰明啊!
How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊!
【說明】how還可以修飾動詞構成感嘆句,但動詞不提前。如:
How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成為一名醫(yī)生啊!
How she dances! 她跳得多好啊!
美式英語音標分類解析 (菁選3篇)(擴展6)
——校園垃圾分類英語作文 (菁選3篇)
校園垃圾分類英語作文1
Its no doubt that university campuses will produce a large amount of rubbish everyday, however, there are fewer college students paying attention to its classification.
Factually waste separation is vital to create an environment-friendly campus. Firstly, waste separation does great contribution to the environmental protection. Since some of the waste is recyclable, some is unrecyclable, if all the students could voluntarily differentiate recyclable rubbish from unrecyclable rubbish, the risk of the environmental pollution will be greatly reduced. Secondly, waste separation could save a lot of energy and time on its processing.
With the rapid increase in the amount of rubbish at the campus, rubbish classification does not permit of any delay. On the one hand, as the well-educated people, college students should act as hosts of the universities and separate waste from this moment on in their daily life. On the other hand, university authorities should strengthen students awareness of environmental protection and guide students to separate waste in a reasonable way.
校園垃圾分類英語作文2
Today I did a good thing at home, which is to make a careful classification of garbage in the garbage can.
In advance, my parents and I searched the Internet for information, and learned about the basic classification of garbage: there are recyclable garbage, kitchen waste recycling garbage, other garbage, and hazardous waste. Then we will collect in daily life of the moon cake box, cardboard production into a trash can, I painted posters, trash can is responsible for layout, mom and dad is responsible for the fixed sealed cardboard do mand to trash on the ground with his finger said. "like a fishbone, ah, ah leftovers etc. Garbage can be recycled garbage into the kitchen garbage. Junk like battery light bulbs is toxic and hazardous. Waste paper, plastic, iron and wood are also recyclable waste. So we began to scramble.
We managed to sort it out for a long while. Later, dad found out that we had made a lot of mistakes. We sorted it out almost again. I think: must study hard to learn about environmental protection, make our environment more beautiful.
校園垃圾分類英語作文3
Most people haven’t formed the habit of and mitted themselves to waste sorting now in China. They would throw their domestic garbage — kitchen refuse, abandoned plastics and papers,broken china and glass, etc. — all into the same public containers, without thinking whether they are recyclable or not.
This, obviously, will reduce the value of stuff that can be recycled or reused, such as plastics and papers. Besides,the growing amount of garbage makes the building of more landfills necessary, which will worsen the shortage of land. Worse still,disposing of the recyclable waste like plastics by burning will give off toxic smoke which seriously pollutes the air. ID this sense, throwing the trash unsorted should not be advocated, no matter from the perspective of economy or protecting the environment.
On the contrary, if we sort out recyclable waste before throwing them away, the amount of trash will be reduced shar*. Accordingly, the cost of running landfills and treating waste will be brought down greatly. Whafs more important, less waste will have to be burned or buried, meaning resources waste and pollution will be reduced. Therefore, economically and environmentally, it is of great significance to call for waste sorting.
美式英語音標分類解析 (菁選3篇)(擴展7)
——英語音標英文教學設計 (菁選3篇)
英語音標英文教學設計1
活動目的:
1、幼兒能聽懂老師用Who are you**,并能用I’m .進行回答。
2、幼兒能在游戲中大膽、大聲地使用英語。
3、聽懂并理解老師的一些簡單英語指令,樂于模仿
4、培養(yǎng)幼兒對于英語的興趣,讓幼兒樂意參與英語活動。
活動準備:
紙飛機一架,皮球一個,手絹兩張。幼兒圍坐成大半圓。
活動過程:
一、師生用英語相互問好。
Hello children. Hello Mi Zhang.
二、教師帶領幼兒學習并操練單詞。
1、Today , Mi Zhang have a something. Look ! what’s this?
Yes . handchife .(對,是手帕)
Now . gue . what am I doing ?
Oh , sorry , you’re wrong .
Now , look at me . I’ll hide my eyes by this hankchife . Then I can’t see anything.
Oh , let me touch you . (我要用手絹將眼睛蒙起來,然后用手去摸你們,看看老師會摸到哪個小朋友?) who are you? who are you? who are you?
Hao hao . really? (讓摸到的小朋友自己說出自己的名子)., I’ll take off the hankchef when you say “one two three” .
“one two three” . oh, yes , you are hao hao .
the game is very fa y. Let’s try it again , ok?(游戲重復進行,再去摸4、5個小朋友。)
2、the game is very fa y. Then let’s play another game . I’ll throw the ball when I ask “who are you?” if you catch the ball ,you should a wer me your name . ok?(我來扔球,誰接到了球,我一邊扔一邊問“who are you?你是誰,接到球的小朋友就回答我你叫名子,但是要在名子前面加上I’m,比如說陳子洋接了球就要回答我I’m陳子洋。懂了嗎,現在讓我們來試一試。)
Look carefully. Who are you? (I’m )糾正幼兒發(fā)音。發(fā)音時嘴巴要合上,不然小蟲子要飛到你的`嘴巴里去喲。
3、Children . look , what’s this?
Yes . plane . I’ll fly the plane , when I ask “who are you?” if you catch the play ,you should a wer me your name . ok?我來飛飛機,我一邊扔一邊問“who are you?你是誰,誰接到了飛機,就回答我你叫名子,但是要在名子前面加上I’m
4、Childre , you’re very great!
Now . let’s play another game . (瞎子摸魚)first , you see , what’s this? Yes a fish. This time , you will be fish , I’ll be blind. You can swim everywhere in the circle , I’ll try to cache you . if I catch you, I’ll ask “who are you ?” if your a wer i right ,you can free and you can get a little red flower. if your a wer is wrong ,I’ll eat you. Understand?(要求幼兒能大聲的回答)。(在教室里做次游戲后就換到操場上的圓圈里去做這個游戲。)
三、小結并表揚全班的小朋友。
英語音標英文教學設計2
目的:
1.在知道用" big, small "表示物體大小的基礎上,學說詞組" Big…. Small…. "。
2.激發(fā)幼兒參與英語游戲活動的興趣,并能大膽地開口說。
3.聽懂并理解老師的一些簡單英語指令,樂于模仿。
4.復習以前的內容,學新詞新句。
準備:
大小長毛絨玩具若干
大小圣誕樹各一棵;大小玩具木偶(貓,熊)各一對;大小玩具(汽車,皮球)
背景圖一幅
過程:
一、復習:
歌曲《Riding in my car.》
幼兒**互相結伴打招呼,及數來寶《Morning. Hi. Bye.》
游戲《大圈和小圈》
4、歌曲《Ha y Family.》
二、情景表演,感受并理解" Big…. Small…. "
T: Who's coming?
Cat: Hello!
T: Hello, cat.
Cat: I'm a big cat. / I'm a small cat. Let's play games.
三、欣賞歌曲《Big Bear, Small Bear》
四、游戲《什么不見了》幼兒集體嘗試講出" Big…. Small…. "
五、游戲《指指說說》:
幼兒拿一大一小的玩具,嘗試練習" Big…. Small…. "
六、游戲《打扮圣誕樹》
請幼兒將玩具按大小分類擺放于圣誕樹下,邊擺放邊用英語進行講述。
英語音標英文教學設計3
活動目標:
1、認識英語,激發(fā)英語的濃厚興趣。
2、學會用英語說出五官,正確發(fā)音。
3、讓幼兒感受集體生活的魅力。
4、在游戲中樂意用英語與人交往,感受一些單詞和對話的使用情境。
5、培養(yǎng)其學習英語的積極態(tài)度。
活動準備:
1、五官單詞的卡片,比如nose、 mouth、 ear等。
2、娃娃臉紙、還有五官的貼紙,歡快的音樂磁帶等。
活動玩法:
開始部分引出主題
老師教會孩子們五官的英語單詞。
然后老師開始進入游戲主題的問候語:Hello,boys and girls
幼兒:Hello,Miss Wang
老師:今天老師要帶幾位好朋友給大家認識,〈點出課件face〉,Look,whats this?
幼兒:Its face
老師:Yes,〈教師模仿face〉:“I am a face,nice to see you”
幼兒:“nice to see you too”
老師:Oh,very good .face上都有什么呢?Who want to help me?
幼兒:眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴……
美式英語音標分類解析 (菁選3篇)(擴展8)
——1996年考研英語閱讀解析 (菁選2篇)
1996年考研英語閱讀解析1
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)
Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.
They do not provide energy, 1 do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for 2 foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if 3 is missing a deficiency disease becomes 4 .
Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements—usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and 5 nitrogen. They are different 6 their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin 7 one or more specific functions in the body.
8 enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 9 vitamins. Many people, 10 , believe in being on the “safe side” and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well?balanced diet will usually meet all the body’s vitamin needs.
1.[A]either [B]so [C]nor [D]never
2.[A]shifting [B]transferring [C]altering [D]transforming
3.[A]any [B]some [C]anything [D]something
4.[A]serious [B]apparent [C]severe [D]fatal
5.[A]mostly [B]partially [C]sometimes [D]rarely
6.[A]in that [B]so that [C]such that [D]except that
7.[A]undertakes [B]holds [C]plays [D]performs
8.[A]Supplying [B]Getting [C]Providing [D]Furnishing
9.[A]exceptional [B]exceeding [C]excess [D]external
10.[A]nevertheless [B]therefore [C]moreover [D]meanwhile
1996年考研英語閱讀解析2
Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each questions there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)
Passage 1
Tight?lipped elders used to say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get.”
Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.
You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served.
Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services.
This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, your could be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgment. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.
11. What do the elders mean when they say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get.”?
[A] You’ll certainly get what you want.
[B] It’s no use dreaming.
[C] You should be dissatisfied with what you have.
[D] It’s essential to set a goal for yourself.
12. A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as .
[A] an illustration of how to write an application for a job
[B] an indication of how to secure a good job
[C] a guideline for job description
[D] a principle for job evaluation
13. According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because .
[A] that is the first step to please the employer
[B] that is the requirement of the employer
[C] it enables him to know when to sell his services
[D] it forces him to become clearly aware of himself
14. When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something .
[A] definite to offer [B] imaginary to provide
[C] practical to supply [D] desirable to present
Passage 2
With the start of *** World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation’s news coverage, as well as listen to it.
And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two *** television channels, five *** national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, children’s programmes and films for an annual licence fee of £83 per household.
It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years — yet the ***’s future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly?funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation?wide debate in Britain.
The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the *** — including ordinary listeners and viewers — to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the ***’s royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes.
Defenders of the Corporation — of whom there are many — are fond of quoting the American slogan “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.” The *** “ain’t broke”, they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word ‘broke’, meaning having no money), so why bother to change it?
Yet the *** will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channels —— ITV and Channel 4 —— were required by the Thatcher Government’s Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels — funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers’subscriptions — which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.
15. The world famous *** now faces .
[A] the problem of news coverage [B] an uncertain prospect
[C] inquiries by the general public [D] shrinkage of audience
16. In the passage, which of the following about the *** is not mentioned as the key issue?
[A] Extension of its TV service to Far East.
[B] Programmes as the subject of a nation-wide debate.
[C] Potentials for further international co-operations.
[D] Its existence as a broadcasting organization.
17. The ***’s “royal charter” (Line 4, Paragraph 4) stands for .
[A] the financial support from the royal family.
[B] the privileges granted by the Queen.
[C] a contract with the Queen.
[D] a unique relationship with the royal family.
18. The foremost reason why the *** has to readjust itself is no other than .
[A] the emergence of commercial TV channels.
[B] the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government.
[C] the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs.
[D] the challenge of new satellite channels.
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