無論是身處學校還是步入社會，大家都嘗試過寫作吧，借助寫作也可以提高我們的語言組織能力。范文怎么寫才能發(fā)揮它最大的作用呢？下面是小編為大家收集的優(yōu)秀范文，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。

感觀動詞被動語態(tài)篇一

1.一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習慣性動作、客觀真理、科學事實、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。

2.主句是一般將來時,時間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如：

i′ll go there after i finish my work./ if it rains tomorrow,i won′t go there.3.在以here,there開頭的句子里，go,come等少數(shù)動詞的一般在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作。例如：there goes the bell.鈴響了。there comes the bus.汽車來了。here she comes.她來了。

二、現(xiàn)在進行時

1.表示正在進行的動作。

2.表示按計劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作。例如：she is leaving for beijing.她要去北京。

he is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。my father is coming to see me this saturday.這個星期六我爸爸要來看我。3.代替一般現(xiàn)在時，描繪更加生動。例如：the changjiang river is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。the sun is rising in the east.太陽從東方冉冉升起。

4.大多數(shù)動詞可用于進行時，但也有些動詞不用于進行時。常見的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget，believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。

三、現(xiàn)在完成時

1.表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，或說話時已完成的動作。例如：i have finished the report./ she has cleand the room.2.表示從過去開始，待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for?”, “since?”表述的一段時間狀語連用。例如：he has learned english for six years./ they have worked here since they left college.3.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：

1）用兩種時態(tài)來表述發(fā)生在過去的某一動作，現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)這一過去動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，而一般過去時只表達過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在關系不大。例如：she has cleaned the ′s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改為cleaned.一是因為cleaned與現(xiàn)狀無關，二是因為一般過去時不可突然跳到it′s?這樣的一般現(xiàn)在時。)

2）漢語中的“了”、“過”、“曾”等詞常用完成表達，如：i have seen that film.（我看過那部電影了。）但是如果是在特定的過去時間“看了”、“做過”，就不可用完成時而必須用一般過去進來表達。例如：when did you see that film? i saw it yesterday.(你什么時候看了那部電影？我昨天看的。)不能說：when have you seen that film?i have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地（人已回來）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（還未回來）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：

——where is li hua? －h(huán)e has gone to the reading-room.——she knows a lot about shanghai.－she has been there.5.短暫動詞（即瞬間動詞），join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out等，在完成時態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如不能說：he has finished the work for three hours.要翻譯“他已完成工作三小時了�！笨刹捎�1）“ago法”：he finished the work three hours ago.2）“延續(xù)法”：he has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：it is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、現(xiàn)在完成進行時

1.用來表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（或今后還要繼續(xù)一去）的動作。例如：he has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ it has been raining for two days.2.凡是不能用于現(xiàn)在進行時的動詞均不能用于現(xiàn)成完成進行時。五、一般過去時

表達特定的過去時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況，或過去某一時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復發(fā)生的動作或行為。

六、過去進行時

1.表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作（這一過去時間須用時間狀語表示）。例如：he was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示動作在另一過去動作發(fā)生時進行。例如：they were still working when i left.3.用在兩個過去進行時動作同時發(fā)生。例如：i was writing while he was watching tv.4.表示過去將來動作。例如：he said she was arriving the next day.七、過去完成時

1.表示在過去某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作。例如：he had shut the door before the dog came up./ everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某個時刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個過去時刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：at the age of ten,he had learned 500 english had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等動詞的過去完成時來表示未實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。例如：we had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般將來時

一般將來時表示將來要發(fā)生的動作和存在的狀況。有下列一些形式： /shall do（側(cè)重將來行為，不突出計劃安排去做某事） going to do(主觀上打算或客觀上可能發(fā)生)

doing(按計劃將要發(fā)生，常和表示最近的將來時間連用) about to do(按計劃即將發(fā)生)

九、將來完成時

用來表示在將來某個時刻（前）將完成的動作。常和by短語，when,before引起的時間狀語連用。例如：we will have finished senior book 2 by the end of this term.時態(tài)考點分析

1．——can i join your club,dad?

——you can when you______a bit older.(nmet)

get getting have got 析：“you can”是將來意，when引導的時間狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來所以此題答案為a.2．——oh,it’s you!i______you.——i’ve just had my hair cut and i’m wearing new ’t recognize ’t recognized ’t recognized n’t recongnize

析：從“oh,it’s you!”可知說話時已認出對方�！皼]有認出”是在此之前為過去情況，所以應選a.3.i don’t think jim saw me;he______into space.(nmet) stared just staring just stared just stared

析：在空白處應選一個與“saw”相配，能解釋jim didn’t see me 這一原因的選項，只有著眼于a、b。若選a不能體觀他“當時正在做”某事，故排除a而選b。這樣因為“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”。4.——______my glasses?

——yes,i saw them on your bed a minute ago.(nmet)

you see you seen you see you seen 析：現(xiàn)在完成時可表過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，問話人以這樣的時態(tài)發(fā)問可作現(xiàn)焦急的心情。故答案為d。

don’t need to describe her.i______her several times.(nmet) met met 析：答案b。道理同4。

6.——do you know our town at all?

——no,this is the first time been going 析：根據(jù)this/it is the first/second/?time s done sth.句型，可定答案為b。又如：this is the second time he has visited the great wall.7.i don’t really work here.i______until the new secretary arrives.(nmet) help out just helped out just helping out just help out 析：根據(jù)i don′t really work here.以及?until the new secretary arrives,可知說話人所要做的事是計劃安排行為，c、d兩個選項都表將來動作，但d非計劃安排，c則體現(xiàn)按計劃去做，所以此題答案為c。8.——is this raincoat yours?

——no, mine______ there behind the door.(nmet) hanging hung

析：此題的“懸掛”是指現(xiàn)狀而言，故表過去“掛”的b、d項可排除。c項雖指“現(xiàn)在掛”，但側(cè)重在常規(guī)，習慣。為了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正掛在門后”這一意思，選a是極為合情理的。

被動語態(tài)

一、被動語態(tài)的句型

1.常見句式是：主語（受動者）＋be＋過去分詞＋（by＋施動者）

例如：he was scolded by the english teacher.2.主語＋get＋過去分詞＋其它成分 例如：the boy got drowned last summer./ she got fired because of her faults.注意：使用這種結(jié)構不能帶有“by＋施動者”

3.帶有雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）的主動句變?yōu)閯泳�，其主語可以是直接賓語，也可以是間接賓語。例如：she lent me a bike.?被動：1）i was lent a bike(by her).2）a bike was lent to me(by her).4.情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞

例如：this problem must be worked out in half an hour.5.雙重被動式：主語＋被動式謂語＋不定式的被動式＋其它成分

例如；these magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./the murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主動表示被動的幾種情況

1.不及物動詞與狀語連用，用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見動詞是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：this knife cuts well.這把刀好切。these books sell well.這些書好賣。the pen writes smoothly.這支筆寫起來流暢。meat won′t keep long in such hot weather.肉在這樣熱的天氣里放不長久。the cloth washes well.這種布好洗。

2.一些連系動詞的主動式＋形容詞。常見動look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：the apples taste good./the flower smells wonderful./the news proved/turned out true./cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被動式，如：his answer(was)proved right.3.不定式在某些形容詞之后，且與主語有動賓關系。常見形容詞有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：the problem is easy to do./the question is difficult to answer./the box is heavy to carry./the project is impossible to complete in a year.比較：the problem is to be done./the question is to be answered.沒有形容詞時，雖然不定式與主語是動賓關系，但必須用被動式。

三、容易誤用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：

1.i teach myself french.不可變?yōu)閙yself is taught french.因為反身代詞不可作主語。

help each other/one another.不可變?yōu)閑ach other/one another is helped by us.因為相互代詞不可作主語。

lost heart.不可變?yōu)閔eart was lost by him.因為象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought這類動賓結(jié)構的固定短語只能用于主動式，不能用被動式。

took part in the sports meet.不能變?yōu)閠he sports meet was taken part in by her.因為象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表狀態(tài)動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。

被動語態(tài)考點分析

1.i need one more stamp before my collection______.(nmet)

completed tes been completed completed

析：complete是及物動詞，“郵集”是被人完成的，須從表被動意的c、d中選擇。又因before等引導的時間狀語從句中謂語要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，所以此題答案為d。

2.——do you like the material?

——yes,it______very soft.(nmet)

feeling felt

析：觀察題干，空白線后無賓語，可知feel是不及物動詞，表“（某物）摸起來?”意思,是連系動詞，不能用于被動式，也不用進行時。根據(jù)此題對話情景，是指某種材料的常規(guī)特性，要用一般現(xiàn)在時，不能用過去時，故答案為c。feel作“感覺”、“認為”、“摸”等意時是及物動詞，可帶賓語，有時態(tài)，語態(tài)等變化。

3．great changes______ in the city, and a lot of factories______.(nmet) been taken place?have been set up taken place?have been set up taken place?have set up taken place?were set up

析：take place（發(fā)生）是不及物動詞，不可用于被動語態(tài)，于是可排除a、d，又因set up(建造)是及物動詞，在此題中應該用被動式，故排除c，答案為b。 of the artists______to the party were from south africa.(nmet)d invite invited been invited 析：首先可排除b。因為它不表示“被邀請”。又因d項少引導詞who，也應排除。a項＝who were invited,c項＝who were being invited,由象invite這類短暫動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞被動式不可作后置定語，故也應排除。因而可定答案為a。5.i don′t know the restaurant,but it′s______to be quite a good one.(nmet)

析：根據(jù)“某人/某物據(jù)說?”英文句式為“sb/ said?”可定答案為a。又如：he is said to be a clever boy.據(jù)說他是一個聰明的男孩。 police found that the house______and a lot of things______.(nmet) broken into?has been stolen broken into?had been stolen been broken into?stolen been broken into?stolen 析：“房屋被人闖入”，“東西被偷”都是被動語態(tài)，故可排除a、b。因c項中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，則答案只能是d。7.i promise that the matter will______.(nmet)

taden care taken care of care care of 析：take care of?是固定短語，若無of則不可帶賓語，只能跟that從句。所以此題答案為b。

city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.(nmet)

not kept?will have to not kept?have to not keep?will have to not keep?have to

析：觀察題干，第一處必須用被動式，答案只能在a、b中選一。條件句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句應為一般將來時，故答案為a。

olympic games,____in 776 bc,did not include women players until 1912.(nmet)

playing be first played played be first playing

析；要表達“被舉行”，只能在b、c中選。b意“將要首次舉行”。顯然不合in 776 bc這一過去時間，只有c，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案為c。

sentence needs______.a.a improvement e ing ed 析：初看此題似手a、c皆可，但improvement是元音開頭詞，其前要用an,故排除。need作實義動詞，和require,want一樣，后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被?”意。如：the door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(這扇門需要漆一下。)11.i should very much like to have gone to the party,but not ′t been not not be

析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：i should like to have seen the film,but it wasn′t possible.由于這種句式表示“過去想”，所以but后的句子也應該是過去時態(tài)與之相配合，故此題答案是c。12.——______the note______to mr smith?

——no,it is still in my ?being given ?given ?been given ′t?been given 析：根據(jù)問句與答句，問話人顯然是注重結(jié)果，故要用現(xiàn)在完成時。似乎d作為反詰句“難道條還沒給史密斯先生嗎？”也成立，但若是這種口氣發(fā)問，答話人就應答“ is still in my pocket.”,所以此題答案應為c。 heard it______that he had gone to new say said

析：it was said that?可以改為we heard it said that?(都表示“據(jù)說?”之意)。前一種說法中it 是形式主語，后一種說法中it是形式賓語。故此題答案為b。

動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)專練

maths problem can worked out to be worked out worked out to work out

possible means______,but none proves successful. been tried being tried tried girl is to______a rich with married to married to received a telegram that______“mother sick”.

can you imagine______to his wedding party?

ng ing invited invited be invited

6.i______ten minutes to decide whether i should reject the offer.(nmet) given giving given 7.——will somebody go and get ?

——he′s already been______.(nmet)

for for for for

8.a conductor______to keep us in time in the singing needing needed been needed and where to build the new not decided not decided not decided not decided

______to stop pollution by find be found found been found 11.i don′t want anything______about it. say said 12.——______that the sports meet might be put off.——yes,it all depends on the weather.a.i′ve been told b.i′ve told c.i′m told d.i told

13.a library with five thousand books______to the nation as a gift.(nmet) offered offered offered offered has never been heard _______ill of n speak said

______to have delivered the speech in their theatre room. said said 16.——what do you think of the book?

——oh,′s worth______a second time.(nmet) read be read g ing read

jim should love______to the theatre this evening.(nmet) be taken take taken .18.______more attention,the trees could have grown better.(nmet) give given 19.——where______the book?i can’t see it anywhere.——i______it right here but now it’s you put;have put you put;put

you put;was putting you putting;have put would not fail so long as he______hard the next d study studied s long______the english party______?

;been lasted ;last ;lasted ;be lasted ______you______this time next friday?

;do ;been doing ;doing ;be doing ______the bell______when the teacher came ;ring ;ring ;rung ;rung ______and the streets were still wet. been raining been rained rain book____on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it lying lain been lying ______there when it______to getting;would begin about to get;began got;had begun get;began

teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this have studied going to study studied study

28.——she told me she had met you in london last year.——______you______her since?

;met ;see ;meet ;seen 29.——when______again?

——when he______,i’ll let you he come;will come he come;come comes;comes he come;comes ______for more than a left gone away away been away 31.——what happened to her teeth?

——she______the apple more than she could bitten been bitting

peare was said______37 famous plays in his ing writing finish writing written have written

33.——you’ve agreed to why aren’t you getting ready?

——but i______that you______me to start at once.’t realize;want ’t realize;wanted ’t realized;want ’t realize;wanted 34.——i missed the lecture last night.——oh,what a pity!i heared it had heard it

never heard it hadn’t heard it

35.i’ll return the book to the library as soon as ed going to finish finish finished 36.——your phone number again?i______quite catch it.——it’s 9586442.(nmet)

’t ’t ’t ’t 37.——i’m sorry to keep you waiting.——oh,not at all.i______here only a few minutes. been been be

i was at college.i______three foreign languages,but i______all except a few words of ;had forgotten ;have forgotten

spoedn;had forgotten spoken;have forgotten

new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as arrive s going to arrive arriving(nmet)

40.——who is jerry cooper?

——______?i saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.(nmet)’t you meet him yet ’t you met him yet ’t you meet him yet n’t you met him yet 41.——we could have walked to the was so near.——yes,a taxi______at all necessary.(nmet)

’t ’t been n’t be ’t be

4 haven’t heard from jane for a long do you suppose______to her?(nemt)

happening happen haqqend happened saturday afternoon,mrs green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.(nmet)

buy

she______the newspaper,granny______asleep.(nmet);was falling reading;fell reading;was falling ;fell

45.i______the bad cold for a week,still i can’t get rid of caught had 46.i______the time______so ’t realize;had passed ’t realize;passed

’t realized;passed ’t realized;had passed

47.——my watch______twelve o’’s so late.——let’s hurry said told

______her key in the office so she had to wait her husband_____home.(nmet)

left;comes ;had come left;came left;would come pen i______i______is on my desk,right under my nose.(nmet)

;lost t;had lost ;had lost t;have lost 50.——jane has just arrived.——i didn’t know coming coming been coming come

動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)專練答案

1－5 c a d d c 6－10 b b c a d 11－15 b a a c c 16－20 c a a b a

21－25 b d d a d 26－30 b a d d d 31－35 b d d b d 36－40 a a b b d

41－45 a c a b d 46－50 a b c b b

感觀動詞被動語態(tài)篇二

動詞被動語態(tài)

一、用所給動詞的適當時態(tài)和語態(tài)填空

_____ the first man-made satellite _______（send）up into space ?

year vegetables ______（grow）in the garden by tom and he ______（sell）

them ______（help）him with his homework tomorrow many magazines ______（can borrow）in your library every week ?

______（hear）to go upstairs two hours ago.6.－who ______（save）her father ?

－h(huán)e ______（save）by that doctor ______（send for）because his grandpa was kes ______（make）by his mother every year.______ your mother _____（make）mooncakes for you every year ?

toys ______（buy）as a presents for these children last monday.10._____ paper ______（make）of wood ?

11.i began ___________（educate）when i was six.12.i don’t imagine you’ll refuse ___________（promote）, will you?

allowed him __________（admit）. car engine sounds ought to have it ___________.（look at）

days, even the most remote place area on earth ___________（visit）by e tours ___________（can arrange）for almost anywhere, from the himalayas(喜馬拉雅山脈)and the amazonian jungle(亞馬遜雨林).二、把下列句子改成被動語態(tài)they owe a lot of money to the bank.______________________________________________________________ 2 the scientists have proved that there is no life on the moon.______________________________________________________________ 3 you can buy videos like this one anywhere.______________________________________________________________ 4 someone has to write the history of the european community one day.______________________________________________________________ 5 someone may have already written the history of the european community.______________________________________________________________when we arrived home, we found that someone had broken one of our windows.1

______________________________________________________________ 7 the greens have sold their car to pay their debts.______________________________________________________________ 8 they hold a meeting in the village hall once a week.______________________________________________________________ 9 the investors are building a new supermarket near the cinema.______________________________________________________________ 10 they are taking the refugees to a camp outside the village

______________________________________________________________

三、改錯

a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment damaged.2.i can’t see any coffee in this it all patients had been treated in hospital this year than last first use of atomic weapons was in 1945，and their power is increased enormously ever ing to the art dealer, the painting expected to go for at least a million news reporters hurried to the airport, only to tell the film stars had comparing with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at flu is believed being caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and first being introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great ds of jobs will lose if the factory closes.11.a new cinema is built hope to finish it next rests had been cut and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in near story was happened in london.四、漢譯英。

1.這種裙子到處都看得到。

this style of dress _________ ________ ________ everywhere.2.窗子已經(jīng)關了。

the windows _________ _________ __________.3.我認為青少年應該多做運動。

i think teenagers _________ _________ __________ ________

4.昨天有人聽到你因為沒考好哭了。

you ________ ________ _____ yesterday because you failed the exam.5.運動會將在下周召開。

the sports meeting _________ _________ _______ next week.這座宮殿建于1875年。

the palace ___________ _________ __________ 1875.足球?qū)⒈荣愂裁磿r候舉行？

when __________ the football game __________ __________?你應該自己做家庭作業(yè)。

your homework _________ _________ _________ by _________.9這本書肯定是韓寒寫的the book _________ ________ __________ ________ han han.說漢語的人最多。

chinese _________ _________ _________ most people in the world.據(jù)說，她能說幾種外國語。

_________________________________________________________________ 12 這個問題明天上午討論嗎？

_________________________________________________________________ 13 必須指出臺灣問題是中國的內(nèi)政（internal affairs）

_________________________________________________________________

五、語法填空

how the other half lives

lord manners was a rich and famous he 1__________(die)recently, he 2__________(give)a magnificent funeral which 3__________(attend)by hundreds of famous funeral was going to 4__________(hold)in westminster ordinary people 5__________(line)the streets to watch the wonderful black and gold carriage 6__________(draw)by six black mourners 7__________(follow)in manners8___________(given)a royal tramps were among the 9__________(watch)the procession with solemn music 10_________(could hear)in the distance, one of them 11_________(turn)to the other and 12_________（whisper）

3admiration，’now that’s what i call really living!’

六、完形填空

fishy tales

mermaids（美人魚）1_____by sailors for basis of all mermaid myths 2_____ to be a creature called a manatee: a kind of walrus!mermaids used 3_____ in funfairs until all began in 1817 when a ‘mermaid’ 4_____ for $6,000 by a sailor in the south was eventually sold to the great circus owner 5_____in 1842 as ‘the feejee mermaid’.it 6_____that she earned barnum $ 1,000 a week!the thousands who saw this mermaid must 8_____ by a japanese fisherman.a monkey’s head had been delicately（精美地）sewn(縫)to the tail（燕尾服）of a large job 9_____ that the join between the fish and the monkey was imagination must 10_____ to see this revolting creature as a beautiful mermaid combing her golden been

been saw

supposed

been supposed

be show

shown

been

been bought

been exhibited

been ted

been said

been ointed

been disappointed

cleverly been cleverly made

cleverly being cleverly made

being so skillful been so skillful done

so skillful been so skillful done

been required

e

感觀動詞被動語態(tài)篇三

被動語態(tài)

英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)

主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞動作的承受者。在被動結(jié)構的句子中，動作的執(zhí)行者可以由介詞by引起的短語表示。everyone respects is respected by everyone.被動語態(tài)的構成：助動詞be +done（時態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來）

一．各種時態(tài)常見的被動語態(tài)形式

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(am/is/are + done)如：you are wanted on the phone.有電話找你。【例】：in some parts of the world, tea _____ with milk and serving

served

the number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______ to eat more fruit and de

persuade

persuaded

persuaded 2.一般過去時(was/were+ done)如：the city was liberated in 1949.這座城市是1949年解放的。

【例】：i _____ ten minutes to decide whether i should reject the

given

giving

given 3.一般將來時(will be done)如：they will be invited to your party.他們將被邀請參加你的晚會。

【例】：hundreds of jobs _____ if the factory

be lost

lose 4.現(xiàn)在進行時(am/is/are+ being done)如：the car is being repaired.車在修理當中�！纠�】：a new cinema _____ hope to finish it next be built

built

been built

being built

–what’s that noise?

–oh, i forgot to tell new machine tested

be tested being tested

been tested 5.現(xiàn)在完成時(have/has been done)如：this book has been translated into many languages.這本書已被譯成多種語言�！纠�】：his sister left home in 1998, and not been heard of not been heard of not heard of not heard of 6.過去將來時(would be done)如：the worker said that the tree would be planted.工人說要把樹種上。

【例】：in a room above the store, where a party ______, some workers were busily setting the to be held

been held

be held

being held 7.過去進行時(was/were being done)如：the door was being painted then.那道門正在被刷漆。

8.過去完成時(had been done)如：the work had been finished before dark.天黑前工作就完成了�！纠�】：by the end of last year, another new gymnasium _____ in be completed

being completed

been completed

been completed 二．被動語態(tài)的基本用法

1.當強調(diào)動作的承受著，將承受者作為談話的中心時用被動語態(tài)。如：how long has the machine been used? 2.當沒有必要說出動作的執(zhí)行者或根本不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時常用被動語態(tài)。如：all the work has been finished by now.到現(xiàn)在為止所有的工作都已經(jīng)做完了。3.當動作的執(zhí)行者不是人而是無生命的事物時常用被動語態(tài)。the window glass was broken by a stone.窗戶玻璃是被石頭打碎的。

4.有時出于禮貌，不便提到動作的執(zhí)行者，用被動語態(tài)。動作的執(zhí)行者有可能是別人也可能是自己。如：enough has been done for you, but you’ve made little progress.為你做了很多，然而你卻進步很少。【課后疑難拓展】

【疑難點一：較為特殊的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構】 1.感官動詞和使役動詞的被動語態(tài)

(be+ seen/heard/noticed/found/watched/observed/let/had/made + to do…)。如：he was seen to enter the room.有人看見他進了房子。

2.帶復合賓語的動詞在改為被動語態(tài)時，常把主動結(jié)構中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補足語保留不動。如：’s daughter was warned never to drive after drinking.史密斯太太的女兒受警告酒后千萬別駕駛。3.短語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，把主要動詞變?yōu)楸粍有问健Ｈ纾簍he old houses are going to be pulled down.這些舊房子將會被拆毀。4.漢語有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中可用被動結(jié)構表示，如：it is said that…據(jù)說…;it is reported that…據(jù)報道…;it is supposed that…據(jù)推測…;it is hoped that…希望…;it is well known that…眾所周知…;【疑難點二：主動形式表示被動意義】

1.“表示事物狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep+形容詞”構成系表結(jié)構。如：the flowers smell sweet.這些花聞起來很香。

【例】：–do you like the material?--yes, it ____ very feeling

felt books of this kind ____

sold

sold 2.表示主語的某種屬性特征的動詞，如read, write, act, cut, sell, wash, clean, eat, drink等。這類動詞一般不單獨使用，常常帶一個修飾語。如：the machine runs well.機器運轉(zhuǎn)良好。

3.表示開始、結(jié)束、運動的動詞，如begin, finish, start, open, stop, close, end, shut, run, move等。如：work began at 8 o’ clock this morning.工作在今天早上8點開始。

4.某些動詞在以物為主語的句子中，其進行時也可以表示被動意義。如：the dinner is cooking.正在燒飯。

5.“介詞in, on, under等+名詞”構成介詞短語表被動意義，名詞前一般不用冠詞。如：under control, under repair, under discussion, for sale, in print等。如：the bike is under repair.自行車在修理中。

6.有些形容詞后的動詞不定式由被動的含義。這些形容詞構成的句型為：主語+be+形容詞(easy/ hard/ difficult/ heavy/ comfortable/ dangerous)+不定式。不定式用主動形式表示被動的含義。如：the work is hard to do.這項工作很難做。

7.在too….to…和enough to do結(jié)構中，不定式用主動形式表示被動的意義。如：the story was not interesting enough to publish.這個故事趣味性不夠，不能發(fā)表。

8.在“主語+have+名詞+to do”句型中的不定式一般用主動形式（該動作由主語發(fā)出）；如果不是主語發(fā)出，不定式則用被動形式。如：do you have much work to do today? 你今天有很多工作要做嗎？

及表示“需要”意義的need, want, require之后的動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義。如：the newspaper is worth reading.這份報紙值得讀�！疽呻y點三：被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構的區(qū)別】

被動語態(tài)表示動作，主語是動作的承受著；而系表結(jié)構則表示主語的特征或所處的狀態(tài)。1.大多數(shù)用by短語的句子是被動語態(tài)；若用其他固定搭配的介詞，往往是系表結(jié)構。如：i was frightened by his ghost story.我被她的鬼故事嚇著了。（被動語態(tài)）

i was frightened of snakes.我怕蛇。（系表結(jié)構）

2.“be+過去分詞”用一般現(xiàn)在時，若句中有時間狀語，說明動作的反復性或習慣性，是被動語態(tài)；若無這類狀語，則是系表結(jié)構。如：

the bank is usually closed at six.銀行通常在6點關門。（被動語態(tài)）the bank is now closed.銀行現(xiàn)在沒開門。（系表結(jié)構）【疑難點四：“get+過去分詞”結(jié)構的用法】

get型被動語態(tài)由起助動詞作用的get +及物動詞的過去分詞構成。這種結(jié)構一般只適用于動態(tài)動詞，常用來表示某些未曾預料到的突發(fā)事件，強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果 hurt get married get burnt get caught get lost get broken got lost in the might get burnt and you might drop the pan of burning oil.【例】：ng women in big cities usually get ____ by the

pay we joined the big crowd , i got ____ from my ted

careful when you cross this very busy not, you may _____ run over by a

4.– how are the team playing?

--they’re playing well, but one of them _____

s

, hurry up.i'm afraid you can’t have time to ______ before the changed

change

changing

to change

感觀動詞被動語態(tài)篇四

一、一般現(xiàn)在時

1.一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習慣性動作、客觀真理、科學事實、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。

2.主句是一般將來時,時間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如：

i’ll go there after i finish my work./ if it rains tomorrow,i won’t go there.3.在以here,there開頭的句子里，go,come等少數(shù)動詞的一般在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作。例如：there goes the bell.鈴響了。there comes the bus.汽車來了。here she comes.她來了。

二、現(xiàn)在進行時

1.表示正在進行的動作。

2.表示按計劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作。例如：she is leaving for beijing.她要去北京。

he is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。my father is coming to see me this saturday.這個星期六我爸爸要來看我。

3.代替一般現(xiàn)在時，描繪更加生動。例如：the changjiang river is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。the sun is rising in the east.太陽從東方冉冉升起。

4.大多數(shù)動詞可用于進行時，但也有些動詞不用于進行時。常見的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget, believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。

三、現(xiàn)在完成時

1.表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，或說話時已完成的動作。例如：i have finished the report./ she has cleand the room.2.表示從過去開始，待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段時間狀語連用。例如：he has learned english for six years./ they have worked here since they left college.3.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別： 1）用兩種時態(tài)來表述發(fā)生在過去的某一動作，現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)這一過去動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，而一般過去時只表達過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在關系不 大。例如：she has cleaned the ’s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改為cleaned.一是因為cleaned與現(xiàn)狀無關，二是因為一般過去時不可突然跳到it’s…這樣的一般現(xiàn)在時。)2）漢語中的“了”、“過”、“曾”等詞常用完成表達，如：i have seen that film.（我看過那部電影了。）但是如果是在特定的過去時間“看了”、“做過”，就不可用完成時而必須用一般過去進來表達。例如：when did you see that film? i saw it yesterday.(你什么時候看了那部電影？我昨天看的。)不能說：when have you seen that film?i have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地（人已回來）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（還未回來）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：

——where is li hua? －h(huán)e has gone to the reading-room.——she knows a lot about shanghai.－she has been there.5.短暫動詞（即瞬間動詞），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry，finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成時態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如不能說：he has finished the work for three hours.要翻譯“他已完成工作三小時了�！笨刹捎�1）“ago法”：he finished the work three hours ago.2）“延續(xù)法”：he has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：it is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、現(xiàn)在完成進行時

1.用來表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（或今后還要繼續(xù)一去）的動作。例如：he has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ it has been raining for two days.2.凡是不能用于現(xiàn)在進行時的動詞均不能用于現(xiàn)成完成進行時。五、一般過去時

表達特定的過去時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況，或過去某一時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復發(fā)生的動作或行為。

六、過去進行時

1.表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作（這一過去時間須用時間狀語表示）。例如：he was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示動作在另一過去動作發(fā)生時進行。例如：they were still working when i left.3.用在兩個過去進行時動作同時發(fā)生。例如：i was writing while he was watching tv.4.表示過去將來動作。例如：he said she was arriving the next day.七、過去完成時

1.表示在過去某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作。例如：he had shut the door before the dog came up./ everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某個時刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個過去時刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：at the age of ten,he had learned 500 english had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等動詞的過去完成時來表示未實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。例如：we had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般將來時

一般將來時表示將來要發(fā)生的動作和存在的狀況。有下列一些形式：

/shall do（側(cè)重將來行為，不突出計劃安排去做某事）

going to do(主觀上打算或客觀上可能發(fā)生)

doing(按計劃將要發(fā)生，常和表示最近的將來時間連用)

about to do(按計劃即將發(fā)生)

九、將來完成時

用來表示在將來某個時刻（前）將完成的動作。常和by短語，when,before引起的時間狀語連用。例如：we will have finished senior book 2 by the end of this term.時態(tài)考點分析

1．——can i join your club,dad?

——you can when you______a bit get getting have got 析：“you can”是將來意，when引導的時間狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來所以此題答案為a.2．——oh,it’s you!i______you.——i’ve just had my hair cut and i’m wearing new ’t recognize

’t recognized

’t recognized n’t recongnize

析：從“oh,it’s you!”可知說話時已認出對方�！皼]有認出”是在此之前為過去情況，所以應選a.3.i don’t think jim saw me;he______into stared just staring just stared just stared 析：在空白處應選一個與“saw”相配，能解釋jim didn’t see me 這一原因的選項，只有著眼于a、b。若選a不能體觀他“當時正在做”某事，故排除a而選b。這樣因為“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”。4.——______my glasses? ——yes,i saw them on your bed a minute you see you seen you see you seen 析：現(xiàn)在完成時可表過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，問話人以這樣的時態(tài)發(fā)問可作現(xiàn)焦急的心情。故答案為d。

don’t need to describe her.i______her several times. met met 析：答案b。道理同4。

6.——do you know our town at all? ——no,this is the first time been going 析：根據(jù)this/it is the first/second/…time s done sth.句型，可定答案為b。又如：this is the second time he has visited the great wall.7.i don’t really work here.i______until the new secretary help out

just helped out

just helping out just help out

析：根據(jù)i don’t really work here.以及…until the new secretary arrives,可知說話人所要做的事是計劃安排行為，c、d兩個選項都表將來動作，但d非計劃安排，c則體現(xiàn)按計劃去做，所以此題答案為c。

8.——is this raincoat yours? ——no,mine______there behind the hanging hung 析：此題的“懸掛”是指現(xiàn)狀而言，故表過去“掛”的b、d項可排除。c項雖指“現(xiàn)在掛”，但側(cè)重在常規(guī)，習慣。為了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正掛在門后”這一意思，選a是極為合情理的。

被動語態(tài)

一、被動語態(tài)的句型

1.常見句式是：主語（受動者）＋be＋過去分詞＋（by＋施動者）

例如：he was scolded by the english teacher.2.主語＋get＋過去分詞＋其它成分

例如：the boy got drowned last summer./ she got fired because of her faults.注意：使用這種結(jié)構不能帶有“by＋施動者”

被動：1）i was lent a bike(by her).?

3.帶有雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）的主動句變?yōu)閯泳洌�其主語可以是直接賓語，也可以是間接賓語。例如：she lent me a bike.2）a bike was lent to me(by her).4.情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞

例如：this problem must be worked out in half an hour.5.雙重被動式：主語＋被動式謂語＋不定式的被動式＋其它成分

例如；these magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./the murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主動表示被動的幾種情況

1.不及物動詞與狀語連用，用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見動詞 是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：this knife cuts well.這把刀好切。these books sell well.這些書好賣。the pen writes smoothly.這支筆寫起來流暢。meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在這樣熱的天氣里放不長久。the cloth washes well.這種布好洗。

2.一些連系動詞的主動式＋形容詞。常見動look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：the apples taste good./the flower smells wonderful./the news proved/turned out true./cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被動式，如：his answer(was)proved right.3.不定式在某些形容詞之后，且與主語有動賓關系。常見形容詞 有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：the problem is easy to do./the question is difficult to answer./the box is heavy to carry./the project is impossible to complete in a year.比較：the problem is to be done./the question is to be answered.沒有形容詞時，雖然不定式與主語是動賓關系，但必須用被動式。

三、容易誤用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：

1.i teach myself french.不可變?yōu)閙yself is taught french.因為反身代詞不可作主語。

help each other/one another.不可變?yōu)閑ach other/one another is helped by us.因為相互代詞不可作主語。

lost heart.不可變?yōu)閔eart was lost by him.因為象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought這類動賓結(jié)構的固定短語只能用于主動式，不能用被動式。

took part in the sports meet.不能變?yōu)閠he sports meet was taken part in by her.因為象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表狀態(tài)動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。

被動語態(tài)考點分析

1.i need one more stamp before my collection______. completed tes been completed completed 析：complete是及物動詞，“郵集”是被人完成的，須從表被動意的c、d中選擇。又因before等引導的時間狀語從句中謂語要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，所以此題答案為d。2.——do you like the material?

——yes,it______very feeling felt 析：觀察題干，空白線后無賓語，可知feel是不及物動詞，表“（某物）摸起來…”意思,是連系動詞，不能用于被動式，也不用進行時。根據(jù)此題對話情景，是指某種材料的常規(guī)特性，要用一般現(xiàn)在時，不能用過去時，故答案為c。feel作“感覺”、“認為”、“摸”等意時是及物動詞，可帶賓語，有時態(tài)，語態(tài)等 變化。

3．great changes______in the city,and a lot of been taken place…h(huán)ave been set up

taken place…h(huán)ave been set up

taken place…h(huán)ave set up

taken place…were set up

析：take place（發(fā)生）是不及物動詞，不可用于被動語態(tài)，于是可排除a、d，又因set up(建造)是及物動詞，在此題中應該用被動式，故排除c，答案為b。 of the artists______to the party were from south d invite invited been invited 析：首先可排除b。因為它不表示“被邀請”。又因d項少引導詞who，也應排除。a項＝who were invited,c項＝who were being invited,由象invite這類短暫動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞被動式不可作后置定語，故也應排除。因而可定答案為a。

5.i don’t know the restaurant,but it’s______to be quite a good 析：根據(jù)“某人/某物據(jù)說…”英文句式為“sb/ said…”可定答案為a。又如：he is said to be a clever boy.據(jù)說他是一個聰明的男孩。

police found that the house______and a lot of broken into…h(huán)as been stolen broken into…h(huán)ad been stolen

been broken into…stolen

been broken into…stolen 析：“房屋被人闖入”，“東西被偷”都是被動語態(tài)，故可排除a、b。因c項中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，則答案只能是d。7.i promise that the matter taden care taken care of care care of 析：take care of…是固定短語，若無of則不可帶賓語，只能跟that從句。所以此題答案為b。 city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from not kept…will have to

not kept…h(huán)ave to

not keep…will have to

not keep…h(huán)ave to

析：觀察題干，第一處必須用被動式，答案只能在a、b中選一。條件句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句應為一般將來時，故答案為a。

olympic games,____in 776 bc,did not include women players until playing be first played played be first playing 析；要表達“被舉行”，只能在b、c中選。b意“將要首次舉行”。顯然不合in 776 bc這一過去時間，只有c，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案為c。 sentence needs______.a.a improvement e ing ed 析：初看此題似手a、c皆可，但improvement是元音開頭詞，其前要用an,故排除。need作實義動詞，和require,want一樣，后面 可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被…”意。如：the door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(這扇門需要漆一下。)11.i should very much like to have gone to the party,but not ’t been

not not be 析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：i should like to have seen the film,but it wasn’t possible.由于這種句式表示“過去想”，所以but后的句子也應該是過去時態(tài)與之相配合，故此題答案是c。

12.——______the note______to mr smith?

——no,it is still in my …being given …given …been given ’t…been given

析：根據(jù)問句與答句，問話人顯然是注重結(jié)果，故要用現(xiàn)在完成時。似乎d作為反詰句“難道條還沒給史密斯先生嗎？”也成立，但若是這種口氣發(fā)問，答話人就應答“ is still in my pocket.”,所以此題答案應為c。

heard it______that he had gone to newsay said 析：it was said that…可以改為we heard it said that…(都表示“據(jù)說…”之意)。前一種說法中it 是形式主語，后一種說法中it是形式賓語。故此題答案為b。

動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)專練

maths problem can worked out to be worked out worked out to work out possible means______,but none proves successful. been tried being tried tried girl is to______a rich with married to married to received a telegram that______“mother sick”. can you imagine______to his wedding party? ng ing invited invited be invited 6.i______ten minutes to decide whether i should reject the given giving given 7.——will somebody go and get ? ——he’s already for for for for 8.a conductor______to keep us in time in the singing needing needed been needed and where to build the new not decided not decided not decided not decided ______to stop pollution by find be found found been found 11.i don’t want anything______about say said 12.——______that the sports meet might be put off.——yes,it all depends on the weather.a.i’ve been told

b.i’ve told

c.i’m told

d.i told 13.a library with five thousand books______to the nation as a offered offered offered offered has never been heard _______ill of n speak said ______to have delivered the speech in their theatresaid said 16.——what do you think of the book?

——oh,’s worth______a second read be read g ing read jim should love______to the theatre this be taken take taken .18.______more attention,the trees could have grown give given

19.——where______the book?i can’t see it anywhere.——i______it right here but now it’s you put;have put

you put;put you put;was putting you putting;have put would not fail so long as he______hard the next d study studied s long______the english party______? ;been lasted ;last ;lasted ;be lasted ______you______this time next friday? ;do ;been doing ;doing ;be doing ______the bell______when the teacher came ;ring ;ring ;rung ;rung ______and the streets were still wet. been raining been rained rain book______on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it lying lain been lying ______there when it______to getting;would begin about to get;began got;had begun

get;began teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this have studied going to study studied

study 28.——she told me she had met you in london last year.——______you______her since? ;met ;see ;meet ;seen 29.——when______again?

——when he______,i’ll let you he come;will come he come;come comes;comes

he come;comes ______for more than a left gone away away been away 31.——what happened to her teeth?

——she______the apple more than she could bitten been bitting peare was said______37 famous plays in his ing writing finish writing

written

have written 33.——you’ve agreed to why aren’t you getting ready?

——but i______that you______me to start at ’t realize;want

’t realize;wanted

’t realized;want

’t realize;wanted 34.——i missed the lecture last night.——oh,what a pity!i heared it

had heard it

never heard it

hadn’t heard it

35.i’ll return the book to the library as soon as ed going to finish finish finished 36.——your phone number again?i______quite catch it.——it’s ’t

’t

’t

’t 37.——i’m sorry to keep you waiting.——oh,not at all.i______here only a few been been be i was at college.i______three foreign languages,but i______all except a few words of ;had forgotten

;have forgotten

spoedn;had forgotten spoken;have forgotten new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as arrive s going to arrive arriving 40.——who is jerry cooper?

——______?i saw you shaking hands with him at the ’t you meet him yet

’t you met him yet

’t you meet him yet n’t you met him yet 41.——we could have walked to the was so near.——yes,a taxi______at all ’t

’t been

n’t be

’t be

4 haven’t heard from jane for a long do you suppose______to her? happening happen haqqend happened saturday afternoon,mrs green went to the market,______some bananas and visited herbuy she______the newspaper,;was falling

reading;fell

reading;was falling ;fell 45.i______the bad cold for a week,still i can’t get rid of caught had 46.i______the time______so ’t realize;had passed

’t realize;passed

’t realized;passed

’t realized;had passed

47.——my watch______twelve o’’s so late.——let’s hurry said told ______her key in the office so she had to wait her left;comes ;had come left;came left;would come pen i______i______is on my desk,right under my ;lost t;had lost ;had lost t;have lost 50.——jane has just arrived.——i didn’t know coming coming been coming come

動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)專練答案

1－5 c a d d c 6－10 b b c a d 21－25 b d d a d 26－30 b a d d d 41－45 a c a b d 46－50 a b c b b

－15 b a a c c 16－20 c a a b a 31－35 b d d b d 36－40 a a b b d 11

感觀動詞被動語態(tài)篇五

unit 11 被動語態(tài)的翻譯

課時：2節(jié)

教學目的要求：幫助學生掌握如何對英語被動句的翻譯，靈活掌握英語被動句與漢語主動句的轉(zhuǎn)化。

教學重點：英語被動句的翻譯技巧。教學難點：英語被動句轉(zhuǎn)化為漢語主動句 教學內(nèi)容：

英語中被動語態(tài)使用范圍很廣，凡是在不必或不愿說出或無從說出施動者以及為了便于連貫上下文或者為了強調(diào)動作的承受者等場合，往往都用被動語態(tài)。英語被動句的翻譯主要有以下幾種情況：

一、譯成漢語主動句。

gerald ford was voted out of office after two years, and now jimmy carter, after 在任才兩年便落選下臺； 而carter也僅有四年的任期。

his pride must be pinched.他的傲氣必須打下去。

the result of the invention of the stream engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.蒸汽機發(fā)明的結(jié)果是，機械力代替了人力。

even when the pressure stays the same, great changes in air density are caused by changes in temperature.即使壓力不變，氣溫的變化也能引起空氣密度的巨大變化。

there are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and ability to be magnetized.某些金屬不但能導電，而且能磁化。

原文有動作執(zhí)行者或其他相關成分可作譯文主語時，被動句可譯成主動句

【例22】 what is little understood by the outside world is that this is a failure legislated is a failure which has been carefully designed.外界很少有人知道，這種無法做到的情況是立法造成的，是經(jīng)過精心策劃的。

【例23】 american prisoners are permitted to receive red cross food parcels.允許美國俘虜領取紅十字會的食品包裹。

【例24】 when(it is)seen through a telescope, the sun appears darker near the edge.用望遠鏡看，太陽接近邊緣的部分顯得略暗。

【例25】 one must admit that a good deal of discontent is reflected in those statistics.必須承認，這些統(tǒng)計數(shù)字反映了許多不滿情緒。

【例26】 a surprising amount of one's time as a student or professional is spent reporting the results of one's research projects for presentation to teachers, managers, and clients.學生或職業(yè)人士花費大量時間撰寫報告，以向老師、經(jīng)理或客戶講述研究項目的成果。

2、原文動詞的漢語對應動詞兼有及物和不及物用法時，被動句可譯作主動句

【例27】 the old woman's body was found at the end of the alley.老婦人的尸體在小巷盡頭發(fā)現(xiàn)了。

【例28】 in the move most of the furniture was left to the neighbors or distributed among friends.搬家時大部分家具要么留給了鄰居，要么分給了朋友。rather than evaluating programs in terms of how happy they make people, how satisfied those people become, programs must be evaluated in terms of the quality of the discontent they engender.對于各項計劃的評估，不要看其令人們高興的程度，使人們滿意的程度，而要看其引起的不滿情緒屬于什么性質(zhì)。4.轉(zhuǎn)換成其他表達方式，將英語被動語態(tài)譯作漢語主動語態(tài)

【例30】 the economic freedom was provided by breaking up large concentration of power.由于打破了權力的高度集中，經(jīng)濟獲得了自由。

【例31】 these brokers are paid commissions by the buyers and the sellers for executing the orders.這些經(jīng)紀人按買家和賣家的囑咐進行交易，從中收取傭金。【例32】 some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as much as possible.有些人誤認為人們喜歡積蓄精力，喜歡休息，喜歡盡可能褒揚自己。

5.重新組織原文的語句結(jié)構，將英語被動語態(tài)譯作漢語主動語態(tài)

【例33】 when the ideas of a scientist are expressed in simple mathematical form, new relationships and new channels of investigation often suggest themselves.科學家在用簡單的數(shù)學形式表達概念時，研究工作常常會表現(xiàn)出新的關系和新的途徑�！纠�34】 a ten percent reduction in auto accidents has been realized by exercising a tighter control on the highwayspeed limit.由于加強了公路車速限制，車禍事故減少了一成。

【例35】 the behavior of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors.在管道中流動的液體，其性能受到多種因素的影響。

1．原句中的主語、謂語不變，譯文中沒有表示被動的標志，如“被、把”字等，形式上是主動句，表達被動意義。

on practice has been translated into many foreign languages.《實踐論》已譯成許多國家的文字。

the whole country was armed in a few days.幾天以內(nèi)，全國就武裝起來了。

2．原句中的主語移到謂語之后，譯作賓語。

another middle school has been set up in our district．

我們區(qū)又辦了一所中學。

1，200 people had been saved soldiers in the earthquake.在地震中，戰(zhàn)士們已救出1200人。3．譯成帶表語的主動句。

the decision to attack was not taken lightly.進攻的決定不是輕易作出的。

in the old society，women were looked down upon.在舊社會，婦女們是受歧視的。

4．含主語從句的被動句型譯為主動句。

以it作形式主語的英語句子，翻譯時常要轉(zhuǎn)為主動形式，有時可加上“有人”、“大家”、“我們”等不確定主語。例如：

it is reported that the enemy has been breeding new strains of killer viruses．

據(jù)報道敵人正在培育新的殺人病毒。

it is suggested that meeting be put off till next monday。

有人建議會議推遲到下星期一舉行。

it is well known that natural light is actually made up of many colors．

眾所周知，自然光其實是由許多種顏色構成的。

這類句型還有：

it is said that...it is supposed that...it must be pointed out that...it is asserted that...it is generally considered that...二、譯成漢語被動句

為了強調(diào)被動動作或突出施動者時，可以將英語被動句譯為漢語被動句。the company was enjoined from using false advertising.這家商號被禁止使用虛假廣告。

up to now, sulfur dioxide has been regarded as one of the most serious of these pollutants.到目前為止，二氧化硫一直被看作是這些污染物中最嚴重的一種。

its use is therefore restricted to articles in which lightness is a prime essential.因此，它的用途限于制造重量能確保很輕的物件。

accompanying the visible light, a great deal of invisible radiation, or radiant heat, is emitted.大量的不可見的輻射熱，伴隨著可見光釋放出來。

nicholas was seen to date a young girl about twenty at as在fox 電影院與一位20歲的姑娘約會，讓別人看見了。

1．漢語句中有“被”、“遭受”等詞。

north china was hit by an unexpected heavy rain，which caused severe flooding。

華北地區(qū)遭受了一場意外的大雨襲擊，引起了嚴重的水災。

the window pane was broken by the child.窗上玻璃被這小孩打碎了。

his passport was confiscated by the police.他的護照被警方?jīng)]收了。

【例37】 any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield.我們隨時都會被出入機場的敵機發(fā)現(xiàn)。

【例38】 black people were first brought to america from africa as slaves.黑人最初是被當作奴隸從非洲販運到美國的。

【例39】 the dishes were all removed before i had finished eating.我還沒有吃完盤子就都給收掉了。

【例40】 the teacher was sacked for slapping a schoolboy.那位教師因為打了一名男生耳光給解雇了。

【例41】 the spaceship will be totally controlled by an on-board electronic computer.這艘宇宙飛船將完全由機載電子計算機控制。

【例42】 our future is built, bit by bit, minute by minute, by the actions of human beings.我們的未來世界是由人類一點一滴地、一分一秒地創(chuàng)造出來的。

【例43】 members of congress, the president, state officials, and those who govern counties and cities, are elected by popular of federal departments are named by the president, and judges are either elected directly by the people or are appointed by elected officials.國會議員、總統(tǒng)、州政府官員以及縣長、市長均由民眾投票選舉。聯(lián)邦政府各部部長由總統(tǒng)任命，法官由人民直接選舉，或由當選官員任命。

2．譯成“為……所”的結(jié)構。

granny wang was forced by family circum-stances to enter a knitting mill in shanghai as a child laborer at the age of twelve.王大媽為家境所迫，十二歲就到上海一家針織廠作童工。

i was so impressed by these words that i used them later for a christmas card.我為這些話所深深感動，后來我就把它們寫在圣誕卡上了。

the late 1960's was a period of revolt against traditional s' ideas were scorned by their children, who accused them of being too concerned with money.20世紀60年代后期是對傳統(tǒng)觀念造反的年代。父母的想法為孩子們所不齒；孩子們指責他們過于看重金錢。

【例45】 these very elements and compounds are needed to continue life, and nature is fairly efficient in recycling them.這些元素和化合物正是生命延續(xù)所需要的，而大自然能夠相當有效地將其循環(huán)利用。

【例46】 each transaction is carried out in public, and the information sent electronically to every brokerage office of the nation.每筆交易都是公開進行的，并通過電子設備把交易資料發(fā)往全國各地的每一家經(jīng)紀人事務所。

三、譯成“把”、“使”和“由”字句

the famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.大火使這家著名的旅館幾乎全部毀壞。

the plan is going to be examined first by the research group。

計劃將先由研究小組加以研究。

by evening the occupation was complete，and the people were chased off the streets by an eight o'clock curfew.5 至傍晚，占領已告完成，八點鐘開始的宵禁把人們從街上趕回家。

this phenomenon can only be explained by assuming that the earth's surface is curved.只有假設地球表明呈曲線狀，這一現(xiàn)象才能得到解釋。

【例48】 people are also troubled because of the participative mood that exists participative phenomenon can be seen in every part of contemporary life.人們受到困擾的另一個原因是當今存在的參與情緒。這種積極參與現(xiàn)象在現(xiàn)代生活中到處可見。

【例49】 the area will have to be protected from too frequent, or too intense, or too careless visiting.這一地區(qū)一定要加以保護，不允許過于頻繁、過于集中或過于隨便地參觀訪問。

四、譯成無主語句

some measures must be taken to control the water pollution.必須采取某些措施來控制水污染。

methods are found to take these materials out of the rubbish and use them again.現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)找到了從垃圾中提取這些材料并加以利用的方法。

綜上所述，英語被動句多數(shù)情況下譯成漢語的主動句，只有在特別強調(diào)被動動作或特別突出被動句才譯成漢語被動句。我們要選一種既符合漢語習慣，又保持上下文連貫的譯法。同時，既要注意語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換的一般規(guī)則，也要注意其例外情況，有的被動語態(tài)形式已習語了，更是不可忽視的。