定語從句when的用法
定語從句when的用法
定語從句,一個簡單句跟在一名詞或代詞后(先行詞)進(jìn)行修飾限定,就叫做定語從句。下面是小編為你帶來的定語從句when的用法 ,歡迎閱讀。
定語從句when的用法1
when作為定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞時,表示時間,在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語,后面需要加上完整的陳述語序。
句式如下:
表示時間的名詞+when+完整陳述句+句子其它成分。
when引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以放在主語,賓語或者表語,甚至為名詞的賓補(bǔ)之后。
例:
The nightwhen we took a stroll in the parkwas so cold.
咱們在公園散步的那個晚上好冷。
night 做主語,被定語從句when we took a stroll in the park 修飾。
I remember the nightwhen we took a stroll in the park.
我記得那個咱們一起在公園散步的夜晚。
night變成了賓語,被定語從句when we took a stroll in the park修飾。
What I can never forget is the nightwhen we took a stroll in the park.
我永不能忘記的是咱們一起在公園散步的那個夜晚。
night變成了表語,被定語從句when we took a stroll in the park修飾。
以上三組例句中,when后面所接的都是完整句,并且when 后的從句時態(tài)和主句一致。前提是when充當(dāng)?shù)膹木涞臅r間狀語,相當(dāng)于是at the night.
所以,以上三句,可以把when都改成at which。
寫作必備when引導(dǎo)定語從句句式:
There was a time when...... 曾經(jīng)。
There was a time when people were never bothered by pollution.
曾經(jīng)人們不用為污染煩憂。
We all experience a day when......我們都經(jīng)歷過。
We all experience a day when everything goes wrong.
我們都經(jīng)歷過事事不順心的一天。
we can never ignore the time when......我們絕不能忽視。
We can never ignore the time when computers penetrate our life and study.
我們不能忽視這個電腦滲透進(jìn)我們的生活和學(xué)習(xí)的年代。
定語從句when的用法2
when:當(dāng)主句中的先行詞(即主句中被后面定語從句修飾的詞)是表示時間意義的名詞時,它只能作定語從句的時間狀語,放在定語從句句首。如果定語從句的`引導(dǎo)詞是作該定語從句的主語或賓語,則要改用關(guān)系代詞that或which來引導(dǎo)。例如:
The days when we used foreign oil are gone.我們用洋油的日子一去不復(fù)返了.
I'll never forget the day when I was born.(=I'll never forget my birthday.) 我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我出生的日子。
It happened in November when the weather was wet and cold.這事發(fā)生在天氣又濕又冷的十一月。
In the years that (which) followed,Marx kept on studying English and using it.在這之后的幾年中,馬克思繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)和使用英語.(that作定語從句"that followed"的主語)
The day (that) I always remember in all my life is my birthday.我一生中最難忘的日子是我的生日。(that作定語從句"that I always remember in all my life"的賓語,that可以省略)
追問:
He will never forget the days "when" he stayed with his students 這句怎么理解?為什么用when
追答:
the days 這個先行詞在定語從句 he stayed with his students中沒做主語,也沒作賓語而是作狀語,先行詞做時間狀語時用when
定語從句when的用法3
when/where/why引導(dǎo)的定語從句
when, where, why屬于關(guān)系副詞, 都在其引導(dǎo)的定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語, 其具體用法如下:
1.關(guān)系副詞 when引導(dǎo)定語從句(包括限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句)修飾表示時間的先行詞, 在定語從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語。
例如: I still remember the day when I first met Jennifer.我仍然記得第一次見到詹妮弗的那一天。// Next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下個月即將來臨, 屆時你們將在家鄉(xiāng)度暑假。
2. 關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句(包括限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句)修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞, 在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語。
例如: This is the office where he worked. 這就是他工作過的辦公室。// She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳門去定居, 在那里她有幾個密友。
3. 關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句修飾先行詞reason, 在定語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語。
例如: I don’t know the reason why he came so late. 我不知道他來得那么晚的原因。// That is the reason why I don’t want to go. 那就是我不想去的理由。// He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset.他沒有告訴我他為什么那樣心煩意亂。
注意:
關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞之間并非毫無關(guān)聯(lián), 兩者之間存在密切的聯(lián)系。在備考中尤其要注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1. 很多情況下關(guān)系副詞用“介詞+which/whom”來代替, 其中的介詞由先行詞或定語從句中謂語動詞的形式來決定, 例如:
The day when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.
The day on which I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.見到這位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。
I shall never forget those years when I lived with her.
I shall never forget those years during which I lived with her.
我將永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我跟她生活的那些歲月。
This is a hall where the medical conference will be held.
This is a hall in which the medical conference will be held.
這是禮堂, 醫(yī)學(xué)會議將在此召開。
2. 并非先行詞表示時間或地點(diǎn)時都分別用when或where來引導(dǎo)相應(yīng)的定語從句, 若關(guān)系詞在修飾表示時間或地點(diǎn)的先行詞的定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、 賓語等而不是狀語時, 需用which或that引導(dǎo)相應(yīng)的定語從句。例如: Do you still remember the days which/that we spent together in school? 你還記得我們一起在學(xué)校度過的那些日子嗎?
先行詞the days表時間, 但是其定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作賓語而不是狀語, 因此不能用when而應(yīng)該用which或that。
3. that有時可以代替定語從句中的關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, 且that常可以省略, 例如: This is the time (when/that) he arrived. 這是他到達(dá)的時間。
[考題1] We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer. (2003北京春)
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
。鄞鸢福 D
。劢馕觯 本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的限定性定語從句修飾表示時間的先行詞age, 其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語, 因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞when。
。劭碱}2] The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far*9鄄away village. (2001)
A. until B. that C. when D. where
。鄞鸢福 C
。劢馕觯 本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的限定性定語從句修飾表示時間的先行詞hours, 其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語, 因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞when。
。劭碱}3] It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ____ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. (2000北京、 安徽春)
A. that B. while C. which D. when
[答案] D
。劢馕觯 本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句修飾表示時間的先行詞moment, 其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語, 因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞when。
。劭碱}4] After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child. (1996)
A. which B. where C. that D. when
[答案] B
。劢馕觯 本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的限定性定語從句修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞town, 其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語, 因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞where。
。劭碱}5] We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, ____ other visitors seldom go. (2002北京)
A. what B. which C. where D. when
[答案] C
。劢馕觯 本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞some other places, 其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語, 因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞where。
[考題6] I walked in our garden, ____ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. (2005遼寧)
A. which B. when C. where D. that
。鄞鸢福 C
[解析] 本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞garden并在該定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語, 因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞where。
。劭碱}7] We’re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. (2006山東)
A. where B. that C. when D. which
。鄞鸢福 A
。劢馕觯 point可以理解成地點(diǎn)、 位置, 其后面的定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語, 因此下劃線處只能填入引導(dǎo)詞where
定語從句when的用法4
when引導(dǎo)
關(guān)系副詞when在非限制性定語從句中作時間狀語,指代主句中表示時間的詞語。
如:He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.
他將把郊游推遲到5月1號,那時他將有空。
where引導(dǎo)
副詞where在非限制性定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,指代主句中表示地點(diǎn)的詞語。
如:They went to London,where they lived for six months.
他們?nèi)チ藗惗,在那兒呆了六個月的時間。
as引導(dǎo)
as引出非限定性定語從句時,代替整個主句,對其進(jìn)行說明但通常用于像as we all know, as it is known, as is known to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定語從句中作主語、表語或賓語,且引出的從句位置比較靈活,可位于句首或句末,也可置于主句中間。通常均由逗號將其與主句隔開。as有“正如……, 就像……”之意。
如:As is known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.
美國人都知道,馬克·吐溫是一位偉大的美國作家。(as在從句中作主語)
He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case.
他忘了帶筆,這是常事。(as在從句中作主語)
He is absorbed in work, as he often was.
他正在全神貫注地工作,他過去經(jīng)常這樣。(as在從句中作表語)
As we all know, the earth is round.
眾所周知,地球是圓的。(as在從句中作賓語)
The two brothers were satisfied with this decision,as was agreed beforehand.
兩兄弟對此決定都滿意,這項(xiàng)決定在事前都已得到他們的同意。(as在從句中作主語)
Taiwan is,as you know,an inseparable part of China.
你知道,臺灣是中國不可分割的一部分。(as在從句中作賓語)
“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句:在介詞后引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
難:句意相同
as it is known to all (that...) (as 做狀語從句連詞,是狀語從句, 可以加that)
與 as is known to all (as做主語,是定語從句)
與 it is known to all that... (主語從句,it是形式主語)
即:As is widely known, the moon is closer to the us than the sun.(定從)
= That the moon is closer to the us than the sun is widely known.(主從)
= It is widely known that the moon is closer to the us than the sun.(主從)
As it is known to everyone, I thought you knew about it too.(狀從)[1]
關(guān)系代詞which有時并不代表主句中某一確定的詞,而是概括整個主句的意思。介詞的選擇取決于它與先行詞的搭配或與從句中謂語動詞的搭配。
They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines,without which the yield would be halved.
他們?nèi)贝钇咸鸭艿臈U兒,沒有它們產(chǎn)量會減少一半。
They thanked Tom,without whose support they would not have succeeded.
他們很感激Tom,沒有他的支持他們是不會成功的。
特殊結(jié)構(gòu)
“名詞/代詞+of+which / whom”
It now has 20,000 hectares of land,more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation.
現(xiàn)在它擁有兩萬公頃土地,其中三分之二之多已經(jīng)耕種。
Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300000 kilometer per second.
光是世界上最快的東西,它的速度是每秒30萬千米。
There are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.
大廳里有三十把椅子,絕大部分是新的。
The textile mill has over 8,000 workers and staff,eighty per cent of whom are women.
這家紡織廠有8千多職工,女職工占百分之八十。
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