英文中什么是定語(yǔ)從句
英文中什么是定語(yǔ)從句1
在復(fù)合句中 , 修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句 , 被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞 , 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的有關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, whose, which, that等和關(guān)系副詞where, when, why等 , 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任句子成份。
定語(yǔ)從句公式:定語(yǔ)從句=先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句
1.由who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中 , who用作主語(yǔ) , 如 : This is the boy who often helps me.
2.由whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,whom用作賓語(yǔ),如:The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.
3.由whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中 , whose用作定語(yǔ) , 如 : Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?
4.由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,which用作主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)或介詞的賓語(yǔ),如:
The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.
The river which is in front of my house is very clean.
This is the pen which you want.
注意 :
(1)whom, which用作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí) , 介詞可放在 whom、which之前 , 也可放在從句原來的位置上;但在含有介詞的動(dòng)詞固定詞組中,介詞只能放在原來的位置上。如: He is the very person whom we must take good care of.
(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),必須用關(guān)系代詞which,不用that,如:I have lost
my bag, which I like very much.
(3)關(guān)系代詞在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致。
5.由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,that可以指人或物,在從句中作主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語(yǔ),如:
The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.
注意在下面幾種情況下必須用 that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
(1)先行詞是不定代詞all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等 , 如 :
All that we have to do is to practise English.
(2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,如
The first letter that I got from him will be kept.
(3)先行詞被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修飾 , 如
I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.
(4)先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)如
He is the only person that I want to talk with.
(5)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí),如:
They talked about persons and things that they met.
(6)當(dāng)句中已有who時(shí) , 為避免重復(fù) , 如 : Who is the man that is giving us the class?
6.由when, where, why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,如:
I don't know the reason why he was late.
This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.
I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.
注意:先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)時(shí),如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物的,就用 that(which),如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物的,就用where引導(dǎo)。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)
7. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
(1)限制性定語(yǔ)從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分,主句和從句之間不用逗號(hào)分開。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, of which等,這些關(guān)系代詞都不能省略。
(2)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明 , 沒有這種從句 , 不影響主句意思的完整 , 一般用逗號(hào)把主句和從句分開 , 關(guān)系代詞用 which,不用that;指人時(shí)可用who,如 : I have two brothers, who are both students.
8.如何簡(jiǎn)化定語(yǔ)從句
(1).定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。如:
My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here.
→My grandfather lives in a village far away from here.我祖父住在離這兒很遠(yuǎn)的一個(gè)村子。
This is a book that is worth reading.
→This is a book worth reading. 這是一本值得看的書。
(2) 定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為現(xiàn)在分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作前置或后置定語(yǔ)。
The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.
→The man standing under the tree is our English teacher.
站在樹下面的那個(gè)人是我們的英語(yǔ)老師。
I saw the house that was burning at that time.→I saw the burning house at that time.
當(dāng)時(shí)我看到那房子在燃燒。
(3)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為過去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。
I like to see the films which are directed by Zhang Yimou.→I like to see the films directed by Zhang Yimou. 我喜歡看張藝謀導(dǎo)演的電影。
She is the girl who was praised at the school meeting.→She is the girl praised at the school meeting. 她就是在校會(huì)上受表彰的那個(gè)女孩。
(4)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。
He is always the first person that comes to school.→He is always the first person to come to school.他總是第一個(gè)到校。
The report which will be given tomorrow is important to us.→The report to be given tomorrow is important to us. 明天要作的報(bào)告對(duì)我們很重要。
(5)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為what 從句。
I couldn't remember the words that he said.→I couldn't remember what he said.
我記不得他說的話。
9.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ) 從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1)who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。3)which, that
它們所代替的.先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未 有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作主語(yǔ))
The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作賓語(yǔ))
10.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。1)when, where, why
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例 如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. **是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?2)that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從 句,在非正式文體中that常被省略(正式文體中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住過的地方。
英文中什么是定語(yǔ)從句擴(kuò)展閱讀
英文中什么是定語(yǔ)從句(擴(kuò)展1)
——什么叫做定語(yǔ)從句3篇
什么叫做定語(yǔ)從句1
要學(xué)定語(yǔ)從句,得知道什么是定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)是用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的。例如,a good book, good就是定語(yǔ)。那么復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句就叫做定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),相當(dāng)于形容詞,在句中作定語(yǔ)。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose等,絕對(duì)沒有what;關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why,how等。關(guān)系詞放在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間,起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的某個(gè)成分。
一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
1、由who, whom, that,Whose引導(dǎo)的從句
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,who作主語(yǔ)指人,whom作賓語(yǔ)指人,that既可作主語(yǔ)又可作賓語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用來指人或物,只用作定語(yǔ)。
(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那個(gè)想見你的男人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
(3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你剛剛說話的那個(gè)男人是我們的英語(yǔ)老師
(4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那個(gè)兒子是醫(yī)生的男人是我們的教授。
2、由which, that引導(dǎo)的從句
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等,作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略,例如:
(1) Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那個(gè)包裹快要散開了。(which / that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
注意: **物時(shí)多用which,但在下列情況中用that而不用which:
a)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代詞時(shí);
b)先行詞由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(shí),這時(shí)的that常被省略;
c)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí);
d)先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí);
e)整個(gè)句中前面已有which,who,that時(shí);
f)當(dāng)先行詞為物并作表語(yǔ)時(shí);
g)先行詞為one時(shí);
h)先行詞同時(shí)又被the only,the very,the same修飾時(shí);
二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
1、when指時(shí)間在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也可做連接詞用
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
2、where指地點(diǎn)在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3、why指原因在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ) ,用在reason 后面。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
常見考法
對(duì)于定語(yǔ)從句的考查,多以單選的形式考查學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用的能力。一般情況下,常從關(guān)系詞的意義和功能的角度考查,重點(diǎn)是that,which,who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。
典型例題:
You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who B. whom C. whom D. who
解析:先行詞person后有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,第一個(gè)從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因?yàn)? whom作從句中met的賓語(yǔ),可以省略.第二個(gè)從句who could do it.who在從句中作主語(yǔ),不可省略.
答案:D
誤區(qū)提醒
當(dāng)表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞時(shí),要判斷出它們?cè)趶木渲凶鳡钫Z(yǔ)還是主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用關(guān)系副詞,反之用關(guān)系代詞。
典型例題:
I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
解析:兩個(gè)先行詞the day都是表示時(shí)間的名詞,但第一個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),因此要用關(guān)系副詞when. 第二個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ),因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.
答案:A
什么叫做定語(yǔ)從句2
that常用作關(guān)系代詞,可指代某人,也可指代某物,指物時(shí)有的時(shí)候可用which替換that,指人時(shí)可用who替換。但在下列情況下,一般用that。
一、that指代某物事時(shí)
1.先行詞為all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等時(shí)。如:
。1)We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered plants and animals.
我們將盡我們的最大努力來保護(hù)那些瀕危的動(dòng)植物。
(2) There is much that I wan to tell you.
我有很多想要告訴你的話。
(3) Is there anything that I can do for you?
有什么我可以幫你的嗎?
2. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定詞修飾時(shí)。如:
(4) You can borrow any book that you want to read in our school library.
在我們圖書館,你可以借任何你想讀的書。
3. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如:
(5)This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen.
這是我見過的最漂亮的城市。
4. 先行詞被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修飾時(shí)。如:
。6)This is the very factory that they visited last summer holiday.
這恰好是他們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的那個(gè)工廠。
。7)This is the only painting in this style that we have.
這種風(fēng)格的畫我們僅有一幅。
5. 先行詞是并列結(jié)構(gòu),既有人又有物時(shí)。如:
。8)He talked happily of the writer and his books that interested him.
6. 先行詞前有the same 修飾,表示和先行詞是同一物時(shí)。如:
。9)This is the same purse that I lost yesterday.
這就是我昨天丟的那個(gè)錢夾。
注:如果表示的是與先行詞同一類或相似的某物,則用the same…as….如:
。10)This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.
這個(gè)錢夾和我昨天丟的那個(gè)一樣。
7. 先行詞為數(shù)詞時(shí)。
。11)Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two that you bought me for my birthday.
瞧書架上那些書。你可以看到我過生日時(shí)你買的那兩本。
8. 如果which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中又含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,為避免重復(fù),第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句用that。如:
。12)They built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.
他們建了一工廠,生產(chǎn)以前從未見過的東西。
9. 以which作主語(yǔ)開頭的特殊問句,為了避免重復(fù),定語(yǔ)從句用that。如。
。13)Which is the bus that you will take?
你要乘的是哪一班車?
10. 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí),而且通常省略。如:
。14)My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.
我的家鄉(xiāng)再也不是以前那個(gè)樣子了。
11. 關(guān)系代詞在there be 句型中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),而且?梢允÷浴H纾
。15)This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.
這是有史以來最快的列車。
二、that 指代某人時(shí)。
1. 泛指某人時(shí)。如:
。16)He is a man that is never at a loss.
他是一個(gè)從未一籌莫展的人。
2. 主句是以作主語(yǔ)的who開頭的.特殊問句,為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)。如:
。17)Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster?
和我們校長(zhǎng)說話的那人是誰(shuí)?
3. 先行詞前有the same時(shí)。如:
。18)This is the same man that gave us a talk last year.
這和去年給我們作報(bào)告的是同一人。
4. 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:
。19)He has changed. He was not the man (that) he was 10 years ago.
他變了。他再也不是10年前的他了。
另外,that也可用作關(guān)系副詞,表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因和方式,在口語(yǔ)中可以用來代替when, where, why 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。在以下名詞day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行詞時(shí),可用that作關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如:
。20)I'll never forget the day (that) I joined the League.
我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我入團(tuán)的那一天。
。21)Is this the reason (that) they were late for the meeting?
這就是他們開會(huì)遲到的原因嗎?
。22)We want to find a place (that) we can have a picnic.
我們想找一個(gè)我們能野餐的地方。
。23)This is the first time that I have been abroad for traveling.
這是我第一次到**去旅游。
(注:先行詞是time,前面有序數(shù)詞或last修飾時(shí),常用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句或者省略。)
當(dāng)先行詞為表示方式的詞the way時(shí),可用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句, that?梢允÷。
(24)I don't the way you speak to her.
我不喜歡你和她說話那種方式。
什么叫做定語(yǔ)從句3
一、指人的意思
that用于指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。如:
A driver that has knocked someone down must stop. 撞人的司機(jī)必須停車。(關(guān)系代詞that指driver,在從句中作主語(yǔ))
He is the man that you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那個(gè)人。(關(guān)系代詞that指man,在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
He is not that man that he was. 他已不是過去的他了。(關(guān)系代詞that指man,在從句中作表語(yǔ))
二、指物的意思
that用于指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。如:
This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon. 這是下午要飛往東京的那架飛機(jī)。(關(guān)系代詞that指plane,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ))
She was annoyed by something that I had said. 她為我說的某句話而不高興。(關(guān)系代詞that指something,在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ))
Shengzhen is not the city that it used to be. 深圳現(xiàn)在已不是原來的那個(gè)城市了。(關(guān)系代詞that指city,在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ))
三、不用that的情況
(1) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。
(錯(cuò))The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.
(2) 介詞后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
四、 只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況
(1) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。
(2) 在不定代詞,如:anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行詞時(shí),只用that,不用which。
(3) 先行詞有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修飾時(shí),只用that。
(4) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只用that,不能用which。.
(5) 先行詞既有人,又有物時(shí)。
(6) 先行詞指物,在主句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí).
(7) 為了避免重復(fù).
(8) 先行詞是the way或the reason時(shí),that可作關(guān)系副詞,也可省略
(9) 主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問詞who /which時(shí)
英文中什么是定語(yǔ)從句(擴(kuò)展2)
——什么是定語(yǔ)從句舉例3篇
什么是定語(yǔ)從句舉例1
什么是定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ) 從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1)who,whom,that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3)which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等,例如:
A prosperitywhich / thathad never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未 有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作主語(yǔ))
The packagewhich / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的'包快散了。(which / that 在句中作賓語(yǔ))
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
1)when, where, why
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例 如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.**是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從 句,在非正式文體中that常被省略(正式文體中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住過的地方。
判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語(yǔ),就必須要 求用關(guān)系代詞。例如:
。ㄥe(cuò)) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
。ㄥe(cuò)) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
。▽(duì)) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
。▽(duì)) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。
方法二: 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系 副詞.先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系代詞;先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選 擇關(guān)系副詞。
例如:(對(duì))Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
。▽(duì))Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
定語(yǔ)從句舉例
。1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那個(gè)想見你的男人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
(2)He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見到的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 剛剛和你說話的那個(gè)男人是我們的英語(yǔ)老師。(whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
注:who在定語(yǔ)從句中指人,作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略;做及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ),可省略。
2,which,that 用來指物(有六種情況只可用that而不用which)
(用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略),例如:
(1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
。2)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to comeunwrapped.你拿那個(gè)包裹快要散開了。(which/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
英文中什么是定語(yǔ)從句(擴(kuò)展3)
——定語(yǔ)從句先行詞是those3篇
定語(yǔ)從句先行詞是those1
定語(yǔ)從句先行詞是those
That(指物)和those(指人或物)可做定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞,this和these不可做先行詞,those做定語(yǔ)從句先行詞時(shí),當(dāng)其指物關(guān)系詞用that/which等,當(dāng)其指人時(shí),關(guān)系詞用who等,具體示例如下:
He admired those who looked beautiful.他很喜歡那些看上去很美的人.(指人)
He admired those which looked beautiful.他很喜歡那些看上去很美的東西.(指物)
(錯(cuò))He admired that who danced well.(that不能指人)
(對(duì))He admired those who danced well.他贊賞跳舞好的人.(those可指人)
如何選擇定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞
一看指人還是物,二看介詞在何處;
三看句中作何用,四看是否屬特殊。
現(xiàn)將四句口訣分述如下:
“一看指人還是物”:指人時(shí)用who,whom;whose和that既可指人又可指物;which只能指物。that和which在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);在非正式文體中,作賓語(yǔ)的whom,which或that可省略。
【高考鏈接】
The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____ are built close to each other.
A. they B. where C. what D. that
答案:D。
解析:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處及后面部分為定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞small houses為物,故用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,that在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。
“二看介詞在何處”:介詞置于從句之首還是置于從句的其他地方,引導(dǎo)詞的使用有區(qū)別。當(dāng)介詞置于從句之首時(shí),若指人,介詞之后只能用whom而不能用who和that;若指物,則只能用which而不能用that。
【經(jīng)典例析】
試比較以下兩句:
1. Do you know the woman with whom I shook hands at the school gate?
2. Do you know the woman whom I shook hands with at the school gate?
第一句中介詞with置于定語(yǔ)從句之首,其后的whom不可以替換成who或that,也不能省略;第二句中的引導(dǎo)詞whom作介詞with的賓語(yǔ),可替換為who或that,也可省略。
“三看句中作何用”:如何選用定語(yǔ)從句中的引導(dǎo)詞,關(guān)鍵是要看引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分。若作主語(yǔ),則在who,that或which之中選擇;若作定語(yǔ),則用whose;若作狀語(yǔ),則在when,where,why之中挑選。
【高考鏈接】
The prize will go to the writer _____ story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which
C. whose D. what
答案:C。
解析:whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,且在從句中作定語(yǔ),修飾story;whose story相當(dāng)于the story of whom。
“四看是否屬特殊”:定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞的使用還要注意一些特殊情況,如who與that均可指人,which和that均可指物,但這些引導(dǎo)詞在具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中有區(qū)別,不能換用。
【經(jīng)典例析】
1. This is the first time that I’ve been to the museum, which I have been looking forward to for many years.
當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞只能用that而不用which。
2. Those who are studying in our school can borrow five books at a time.
為避免重復(fù),先行詞為指人的that或those時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞用who而不用that。
3. Such magazines as you bought last time are well worth reading.
such ... as,the same ... as屬于固定搭配。
最后,我們?cè)儆靡粍t歌謠幫助大家鞏固關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的一般用法。
關(guān)系詞,引定從,它們的用法各不同。
that可作主、賓用,指人指物它都行;
which 通常指物用,主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)它也能;
who和whom指人用,分作主、賓要弄清;
whose一詞它真行,修飾人、物都管用;
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)用when,地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)where行,
要問原因?yàn)槭裁,關(guān)系副詞why最清;
as一詞屬特殊,常與such,the same連用,
修飾全句或部分,常常用作主或賓。
英文中什么是定語(yǔ)從句(擴(kuò)展4)
——where的定語(yǔ)從句3篇
where的定語(yǔ)從句1
where先行詞表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因,但關(guān)系詞指代先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that或which.如:
Ill never forget 1976 that / which was full of sadness.
。ㄗ髦髡Z(yǔ))
我不會(huì)忘記充滿悲哀的1976年。
I regret the days (that/which) I wasted in the woods.
。ㄗ髻e語(yǔ))
我后悔在森林里虛度的日子。
This is the factory that/which produces cars. (作主語(yǔ))
這就是那個(gè)生產(chǎn)小汽車的工廠。
This is the factory (that/which) he visited yesterday.
。ㄗ髻e語(yǔ))
這就是他昨天參觀的工廠。
This is the reason that/which is unreasonable. (作主語(yǔ))
這是一個(gè)沒道理的理由。
This is the reason (that/which) he raised. (作賓語(yǔ))
這是他提出的理由。
2. 關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)相當(dāng)于 適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+關(guān)系代詞。如:
、 where=in/on which
This is the room where / in which he lives.
鞏固練習(xí):
從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
1. I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting
for the great chance.(湖南2004)
A. how B. which C. where D. that
2. We are living in an age _______ many things are done
on com*r.(**2003春)
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
3. The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was
taken good care of in that far-away village.(NMET 2001)
A. until B. that C. when D. where
4. Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his careless-
ness in his work? (上海2002春)
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
5. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the
small town ______ he grewup as a child. (NMET 1996)
A. which B. that C. where D. when
Key: 1-5 CDCAC
where的定語(yǔ)從句2
Where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞不一定都表示地點(diǎn)
1. We will discuss a number of cases __ beginners of English fail to use the language preperly.
A.which B.as C.why D.where
2.He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation ___he is likely to lose the control over his car.
A.which B.as C.why D.where
兩道題都選where ,但是case, situation都不是地點(diǎn),如何理解?
在“先行詞不是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞”的前提下,如何判斷是否使用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的問題是一個(gè)高頻考點(diǎn)。就是說,關(guān)系副詞where所指代的先行詞不只是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。
用Where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞不一定都表示地點(diǎn)按照通常的理解,當(dāng)where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),它的先行詞就是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,但事實(shí)并不是我們想象的那么簡(jiǎn)單。很多情況下,where所指代的先行詞并不表示地點(diǎn)。
請(qǐng)看以下幾個(gè)例句:
1. Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other.
請(qǐng)記住,最深的感情關(guān)系表現(xiàn)為彼此間的'愛超過彼此間的需要。
點(diǎn)評(píng):這里where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞one,也就是relationship (此處one指代的是relationship)。Relationship不是地點(diǎn)名詞,但此處卻用了where來引導(dǎo),where在這里表示“在這樣的感情關(guān)系下”。從定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)來看,定語(yǔ)從句不缺主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)詞where在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖菭钫Z(yǔ)。
2. Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low. 欺詐行為在這種情況下最有可能發(fā)生:利益重大,而且欺詐行為被發(fā)現(xiàn)的可能性小。
點(diǎn)評(píng):句中的先行詞是situations,表示“情形,情況”,引導(dǎo)詞依然用的是where,表示“在這種情況之下”。這里的定語(yǔ)從句也是不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的,where在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖菭钫Z(yǔ)。
3. Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people
will have to accept more “unnatural food”.除非人類能夠意識(shí)到要把人口減少到這樣的程度——使地球能為所有人提供足夠的食物,否則人們將不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。
點(diǎn)評(píng):這里的先行詞是point,表示“某種程度,某種狀況”,引導(dǎo)詞where指代point,表示“在這種程度下”。這里定語(yǔ)從句也是不缺主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的,where在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)娜匀皇菭钫Z(yǔ)。
從上面三個(gè)例句中,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)以下兩點(diǎn):第一,即使先行詞不是表示地點(diǎn)的詞,定語(yǔ)從句也能夠使用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo);第二,上面三個(gè)例句中,where分別指代relationship、situation和point,分別表示“在……關(guān)系中”“在……情況下”“達(dá)到……程度”,這些詞雖然不是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,但在從句中表達(dá)的是“某個(gè)點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)”的含義。我們可以把這類名詞解釋成“含有抽象地點(diǎn)意義的名詞”,此類詞也能用關(guān)系副詞where來進(jìn)行引導(dǎo)。
先行詞不表示地點(diǎn)時(shí),如何判斷是否使用Where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)先行詞不是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí),該如何判斷是否使用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句呢?由上文給出的例句可知,含有抽象地點(diǎn)意義的名詞能用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo),并且在每個(gè)例句的點(diǎn)評(píng)中都反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)“定語(yǔ)從句不缺主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),where在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖菭钫Z(yǔ)”。
由此,我們可以大膽地進(jìn)行引申和歸納,提出“當(dāng)先行詞不表示地點(diǎn)時(shí),使用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句”的判斷方法。首先,判斷定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu):定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),而是缺少狀語(yǔ)。其次,觀察先行詞:先行詞是除了時(shí)間名詞(在這種情況下會(huì)用when)和原因名詞(在這種情況下會(huì)用why)以外的其他任何名詞。第二個(gè)條件之所以成立,是因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中的狀語(yǔ)成分一般就是由when、where和why等三個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞來引導(dǎo)的。
為了更深刻地理解這種判斷方法,請(qǐng)看以下幾個(gè)例句:
4. English is a fixed-word-order language where each phrase has a fixed position. 英語(yǔ)是一種“詞序固定”的語(yǔ)言,這種語(yǔ)言的特點(diǎn)就是每個(gè)短語(yǔ)都有固定的位置。
點(diǎn)評(píng):首先,我們來判斷定語(yǔ)從句“each phrase has a fixed position”的結(jié)構(gòu):該從句并不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),但是缺少狀語(yǔ)。其次,我們來看先行詞:先行詞是fixed-word-order language, 它既不表示時(shí)間,也不表示原因。由此可知,此處用where來指代先行詞,表示“在詞序固定這樣的語(yǔ)言中”。
5. At the Academy, Plato taught the students through the use of debates, where two or more people took different ideas of an argument. 在學(xué)院里,柏拉圖采用的教學(xué)方法是**辯論,在辯論中,兩個(gè)或多個(gè)學(xué)生各持一方觀點(diǎn)。
點(diǎn)評(píng):首先,我們來判斷定語(yǔ)從句“two or morepeople took different ideas of an argument”的句子結(jié)構(gòu):該從句不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),但是缺少狀語(yǔ)。其次,我們來看先行詞:先行詞是debates,它既不是時(shí)間名詞,也不是原因名詞。由此可知,此處應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,表示“在辯論中”。
6. However, being enthusiastic isn't for everyone and no one likes false enthusiasm, where a person pretends to be excited even about small points.然而,熱情并非適合每一個(gè)人,而且也沒有人喜歡那種連區(qū)區(qū)小事都假裝興奮的假熱情。
點(diǎn)評(píng):首先,我們判斷定語(yǔ)從句“a person pretends to be excited even about small points”的句子結(jié)構(gòu):該從句不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),但是缺少狀語(yǔ)。其次,我們來看先行詞:先行詞是false enthusiasm,它既不是時(shí)間名詞,也不是原因名詞。因而,此處用where來引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,表示“在虛假的熱情這種狀態(tài)下”。
通過對(duì)上面三個(gè)例句的點(diǎn)評(píng),相信讀者已經(jīng)能夠掌握在先行詞不表示地點(diǎn)的情況下,如何判斷是否使用where來引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句了。此外,我們需要仔細(xì)體會(huì)例句中where指代先行詞時(shí)所表達(dá)的含義,分別是“在……樣的語(yǔ)言中”“在……中”“在……樣的狀態(tài)下”,這些含義與第一節(jié)所舉的例子類似,都帶有抽象的地點(diǎn)意義。因而,我們?cè)谌蘸蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和考試中應(yīng)當(dāng)謹(jǐn)記:
用where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞不一定是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,因?yàn)橄刃性~也可能是含有抽象地點(diǎn)意義的名詞。由此,我們總結(jié)如下:
先行詞是表示“地點(diǎn)”或任何含有“抽象地點(diǎn)意義”的名詞用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
where的定語(yǔ)從句3
where先行詞表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因,但關(guān)系詞指代先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that或which.如:
Ill never forget 1976 that / which was full of sadness.
。ㄗ髦髡Z(yǔ))
我不會(huì)忘記充滿悲哀的1976年。
I regret the days (that/which) I wasted in the woods.
(作賓語(yǔ))
我后悔在森林里虛度的日子。
This is the factory that/which produces cars. (作主語(yǔ))
這就是那個(gè)生產(chǎn)小汽車的工廠。
This is the factory (that/which) he visited yesterday.
(作賓語(yǔ))
這就是他昨天參觀的工廠。
This is the reason that/which is unreasonable. (作主語(yǔ))
這是一個(gè)沒道理的理由。
This is the reason (that/which) he raised. (作賓語(yǔ))
這是他提出的理由。
2. 關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)相當(dāng)于 適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+關(guān)系代詞。如:
① where=in/on which
This is the room where / in which he lives.
鞏固練習(xí):
從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
1. I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting
for the great chance.(湖南2004)
A. how B. which C. where D. that
2. We are living in an age _______ many things are done
on com*r.(**2003春)
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
3. The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was
taken good care of in that far-away village.(NMET 2001)
A. until B. that C. when D. where
4. Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his careless-
ness in his work? (上海2002春)
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
5. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the
small town ______ he grewup as a child. (NMET 1996)
A. which B. that C. where D. when
Key: 1-5 CDCAC
英文中什么是定語(yǔ)從句(擴(kuò)展5)
——whose定語(yǔ)從句用法3篇
whose定語(yǔ)從句用法1
1、whose用作關(guān)系代詞時(shí),它并不表示“誰(shuí)的”,而是表示“……的……”,在具體語(yǔ)境需要靈活處理。如:
He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽車被竊的人。
The boys whose names were called stood up. 叫到名字的男孩們站了起來。
You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 你是惟一可能使他聽從勸告的人。
2、不要以為whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),其先行詞一定是指人的.名詞,其實(shí)也可以是指事物(包括動(dòng)物)的名詞。如:
It was an island whose name I have forgotten. 這是一座島,名字我忘了。
Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon cooperation. 狼是高度群體化的動(dòng)物,它們的成功依賴于合作。
3、whose 不僅可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如:
My bitch, whose temper is very uncertain, often bites the judges at dog shows. 我的母狗脾氣不穩(wěn)定,常常在狗展上咬裁判。
One of the Britons, whose identity has not been revealed, was taken to hospital. 其中一位英國(guó)人被送往醫(yī)院。他的身份還沒有透露。
Now was not the time to start thinking of mother, whose death had so distressed me. 現(xiàn)在還不是開始想念母親的時(shí)候。她的逝世曾令我極度痛苦。
4、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的“whose+名詞”,有時(shí)可換成其他結(jié)構(gòu),注意詞序的變化。比較:
破了窗戶的那座房子是空的。
正:The house whose windows are broken is empty.
正:The house the windows of which are broken is empty.
正:The house of which the windows are broken is empty.
正:The house with broken windows is empty.
5、根據(jù)語(yǔ)境的需要,whose 前可以使用語(yǔ)義需要的介詞。如:
I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far. 我要感謝史密斯教授,沒有他的幫助,我不會(huì)走到今天這一步。
Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from whose effects the people are still suffering. 上個(gè)月東南亞的部分地區(qū)受到洪水侵襲,現(xiàn)在人們?nèi)栽谠馐芎樗畮淼挠绊憽?/p>
1、備考主語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)
一是從句作主語(yǔ),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù);
二是主語(yǔ)從句通常用it作形式主語(yǔ),尤其是在It is +名詞 / 形容詞 / 過去分詞+that…中,或在It seems / happens that…中,或疑問句中;
三要注意由what, whatever, whoever引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句一般不用形式主語(yǔ)。
2、備考賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)注意以下四點(diǎn)
一是介詞后(except等除外)一般不跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,但可接疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句;
二是在that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句后若還有補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí),要用it作形式賓語(yǔ),而將that從句置于補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后;
三是當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等時(shí),若賓語(yǔ)從句要表示否定意義,往往要通過否主句來實(shí)現(xiàn),即所謂否定轉(zhuǎn)移;
四是雖然引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that有時(shí)可以省略,但若賓語(yǔ)從句前有插入語(yǔ)或有間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí),that不能省略;that在與之并列的另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句之后或者在“形式賓語(yǔ)it+賓補(bǔ)”之后時(shí)也不能省略;that從句單獨(dú)回答問題時(shí),that也不能省略。
3、備考表語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)
一是除that, whether和疑問詞外,as, as if, as though, because也可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句;
二要注意“that’s why+結(jié)果”以及“that’s because+原因”的區(qū)別;
三是注意the reason (why / for…) is that…句式。
英文中什么是定語(yǔ)從句(擴(kuò)展6)
——定語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別3篇
定語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別1
定語(yǔ)從句
一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句跟在一名詞或代詞后(先行詞)進(jìn)行修飾限定,就叫做定語(yǔ)從句。在主句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)成分。[1]被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句不同于單詞作定語(yǔ)的情況,它通常只能放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之后。
定語(yǔ) 從句由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞)引導(dǎo),關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞位于定語(yǔ)從句句首。
定義
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ) 從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1)who, whom,that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3)which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等,例如:
A prosperitywhich / thathad never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未 有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作主語(yǔ))
The packagewhich / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的.包快散了。(which / that 在句中作賓語(yǔ))
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
1)when, where, why
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例 如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.**是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從 句,在非正式文體中that常被省略(正式文體中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住過的地方。
判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語(yǔ),就必須要 求用關(guān)系代詞。例如:
。ㄥe(cuò)) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
。ㄥe(cuò)) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
。▽(duì)) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(對(duì)) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。
方法二: 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系 副詞.先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系代詞;先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選 擇關(guān)系副詞。
例如:(對(duì))Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
。▽(duì))Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
從句結(jié)構(gòu)
定語(yǔ)從句公式
定語(yǔ)從句=先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句
先行詞
指被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞或句子。
一般先行詞出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句的前面。
關(guān)系詞
關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用:
①連接作用,連接主句和定語(yǔ)從句。
、谥复刃性~。
、墼诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。
注:關(guān)系代詞有主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)之分。一般who做主語(yǔ)或其賓格形式的whom做賓語(yǔ)(whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略),whose作為定語(yǔ)(whose不可省略)。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)等,關(guān)系副詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(where),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(when),原因狀語(yǔ)(why)。[1]
定語(yǔ)
定語(yǔ)用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞,是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞表示的)漢語(yǔ)中常用“……的”表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任,此外,名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、分詞、副詞、不定式以及介詞短語(yǔ)也可以來?yè)?dān)任,也可以由一個(gè)句子來?yè)?dān)任。單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前,作前置定語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)、從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后,作后置定語(yǔ)。
被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞稱為先行詞。如“the girl”,“the book”
如:She is the girl who likes singing. 她就是那個(gè)喜歡唱歌的女孩。
這就是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。
表語(yǔ)從句
表語(yǔ)從句(Predicative Clause)就是用一個(gè)句子作為表語(yǔ)。說明主語(yǔ)是什么,由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。
表語(yǔ)成分
表語(yǔ)是用來說明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的,表語(yǔ)常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing、從句來充當(dāng),它常位于系動(dòng)詞(be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等詞)之后。如果句子的表語(yǔ)也是由一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)?shù),那么這個(gè)充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的句子就叫做表語(yǔ)從句。
一、名詞作表語(yǔ)
Africa is a big continent.
非洲是個(gè)大洲。
That remains a puzzle to me.
這對(duì)我還是個(gè)難題。
二、代詞作表語(yǔ)
What’s your fax number?
你的傳真號(hào)是多少?
Who's your best friend?
你最好的朋友是誰(shuí)?
三、形容詞作表語(yǔ)
I feel much better today.
我今天感覺好多了。
He is old but he is healthy。
他很老,但他很健康。
四、數(shù)詞作表語(yǔ)
She was the first to learn about it.
她是第一個(gè)知道的人。
五、不定式作表語(yǔ)
Her job is selling com*rs.
她的工作是銷售電腦。
Our next step was to get raw materials ready.
我們下一步是把原料準(zhǔn)備好。
作表語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)通常是說明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容,這時(shí)主語(yǔ)通常是如下名詞:
hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business
定語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別2
定語(yǔ)從句
一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句跟在一名詞或代詞后(先行詞)進(jìn)行修飾限定,就叫做定語(yǔ)從句。在主句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)成分。[1]被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句不同于單詞作定語(yǔ)的情況,它通常只能放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之后。
定語(yǔ) 從句由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞)引導(dǎo),關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞位于定語(yǔ)從句句首。
定義
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ) 從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1)who, whom,that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3)which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等,例如:
A prosperitywhich / thathad never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未 有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作主語(yǔ))
The packagewhich / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的.包快散了。(which / that 在句中作賓語(yǔ))
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
1)when, where, why
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例 如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.**是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從 句,在非正式文體中that常被省略(正式文體中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住過的地方。
判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語(yǔ),就必須要 求用關(guān)系代詞。例如:
。ㄥe(cuò)) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
。ㄥe(cuò)) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(對(duì)) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
。▽(duì)) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。
方法二: 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系 副詞.先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系代詞;先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選 擇關(guān)系副詞。
例如:(對(duì))Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
。▽(duì))Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
從句結(jié)構(gòu)
定語(yǔ)從句公式
定語(yǔ)從句=先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句
先行詞
指被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞或句子。
一般先行詞出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句的前面。
關(guān)系詞
關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用:
、龠B接作用,連接主句和定語(yǔ)從句。
②指代先行詞。
、墼诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。
注:關(guān)系代詞有主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)之分。一般who做主語(yǔ)或其賓格形式的whom做賓語(yǔ)(whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略),whose作為定語(yǔ)(whose不可省略)。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)等,關(guān)系副詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(where),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(when),原因狀語(yǔ)(why)。[1]
定語(yǔ)
定語(yǔ)用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞,是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞表示的)漢語(yǔ)中常用“……的”表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任,此外,名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、分詞、副詞、不定式以及介詞短語(yǔ)也可以來?yè)?dān)任,也可以由一個(gè)句子來?yè)?dān)任。單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前,作前置定語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)、從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后,作后置定語(yǔ)。
被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞稱為先行詞。如“the girl”,“the book”
如:She is the girl who likes singing. 她就是那個(gè)喜歡唱歌的女孩。
這就是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。
表語(yǔ)從句
表語(yǔ)從句(Predicative Clause)就是用一個(gè)句子作為表語(yǔ)。說明主語(yǔ)是什么,由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。
表語(yǔ)成分
表語(yǔ)是用來說明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的,表語(yǔ)常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing、從句來充當(dāng),它常位于系動(dòng)詞(be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等詞)之后。如果句子的表語(yǔ)也是由一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)?shù)模敲催@個(gè)充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的句子就叫做表語(yǔ)從句。
一、名詞作表語(yǔ)
Africa is a big continent.
非洲是個(gè)大洲。
That remains a puzzle to me.
這對(duì)我還是個(gè)難題。
二、代詞作表語(yǔ)
What’s your fax number?
你的傳真號(hào)是多少?
Who's your best friend?
你最好的朋友是誰(shuí)?
三、形容詞作表語(yǔ)
I feel much better today.
我今天感覺好多了。
He is old but he is healthy。
他很老,但他很健康。
四、數(shù)詞作表語(yǔ)
She was the first to learn about it.
她是第一個(gè)知道的人。
五、不定式作表語(yǔ)
Her job is selling com*rs.
她的工作是銷售電腦。
Our next step was to get raw materials ready.
我們下一步是把原料準(zhǔn)備好。
作表語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)通常是說明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容,這時(shí)主語(yǔ)通常是如下名詞:
hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business
定語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別3
定語(yǔ)從句
一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句跟在一名詞或代詞后(先行詞)進(jìn)行修飾限定,就叫做定語(yǔ)從句。在主句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)成分。[1]被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句不同于單詞作定語(yǔ)的情況,它通常只能放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之后。
定語(yǔ) 從句由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞)引導(dǎo),關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞位于定語(yǔ)從句句首。
定義
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ) 從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1)who, whom,that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3)which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等,例如:
A prosperitywhich / thathad never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未 有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作主語(yǔ))
The packagewhich / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作賓語(yǔ))
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
1)when, where, why
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例 如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.**是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的'定語(yǔ)從 句,在非正式文體中that常被省略(正式文體中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住過的地方。
判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語(yǔ),就必須要 求用關(guān)系代詞。例如:
。ㄥe(cuò)) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
。ㄥe(cuò)) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
。▽(duì)) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(對(duì)) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。
方法二: 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系 副詞.先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系代詞;先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選 擇關(guān)系副詞。
例如:(對(duì))Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
。▽(duì))Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
從句結(jié)構(gòu)
定語(yǔ)從句公式
定語(yǔ)從句=先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句
先行詞
指被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞或句子。
一般先行詞出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句的前面。
關(guān)系詞
關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用:
①連接作用,連接主句和定語(yǔ)從句。
、谥复刃性~。
、墼诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。
注:關(guān)系代詞有主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)之分。一般who做主語(yǔ)或其賓格形式的whom做賓語(yǔ)(whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略),whose作為定語(yǔ)(whose不可省略)。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)等,關(guān)系副詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(where),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(when),原因狀語(yǔ)(why)。[1]
定語(yǔ)
定語(yǔ)用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞,是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞表示的)漢語(yǔ)中常用“……的”表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任,此外,名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、分詞、副詞、不定式以及介詞短語(yǔ)也可以來?yè)?dān)任,也可以由一個(gè)句子來?yè)?dān)任。單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前,作前置定語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)、從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后,作后置定語(yǔ)。
被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞稱為先行詞。如“the girl”,“the book”
如:She is the girl who likes singing. 她就是那個(gè)喜歡唱歌的女孩。
這就是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。
表語(yǔ)從句
表語(yǔ)從句(Predicative Clause)就是用一個(gè)句子作為表語(yǔ)。說明主語(yǔ)是什么,由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。
表語(yǔ)成分
表語(yǔ)是用來說明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的,表語(yǔ)常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing、從句來充當(dāng),它常位于系動(dòng)詞(be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等詞)之后。如果句子的表語(yǔ)也是由一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)?shù),那么這個(gè)充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的句子就叫做表語(yǔ)從句。
一、名詞作表語(yǔ)
Africa is a big continent.
非洲是個(gè)大洲。
That remains a puzzle to me.
這對(duì)我還是個(gè)難題。
二、代詞作表語(yǔ)
What’s your fax number?
你的傳真號(hào)是多少?
Who's your best friend?
你最好的朋友是誰(shuí)?
三、形容詞作表語(yǔ)
I feel much better today.
我今天感覺好多了。
He is old but he is healthy。
他很老,但他很健康。
四、數(shù)詞作表語(yǔ)
She was the first to learn about it.
她是第一個(gè)知道的人。
五、不定式作表語(yǔ)
Her job is selling com*rs.
她的工作是銷售電腦。
Our next step was to get raw materials ready.
我們下一步是把原料準(zhǔn)備好。
作表語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)通常是說明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容,這時(shí)主語(yǔ)通常是如下名詞:
hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business
英文中什么是定語(yǔ)從句(擴(kuò)展7)
——定語(yǔ)從句的概念及用法是什么3篇
定語(yǔ)從句的概念及用法是什么1
定語(yǔ)從句是由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句,其作用是作定語(yǔ)修飾主句的某個(gè)成分,定語(yǔ)從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。狀語(yǔ)從句分為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,原因狀語(yǔ)從句,條件狀語(yǔ)從句以及行為方式狀語(yǔ)從句。名詞從句包括主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句及there be句型。
定語(yǔ)從句的概念及用法是什么2
在復(fù)合句中,修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句,被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的.有關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,which,that等和關(guān)系副詞where,when,why等,關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任句子成份。
1.由who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,who用作主語(yǔ),如:This is the boy who often helps me.
2.由whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,whom用作賓語(yǔ),如:The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.
3.由whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,whose用作定語(yǔ),如:Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?
4.由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,which用作主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)或介詞的賓語(yǔ),如:
The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.
The river which is in front of my house is very clean.
This is the pen which you want.
注意:
(1)whom,which用作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞可放在whom、which之前,也可放在從句原來的位置上;但在含有介詞的動(dòng)詞固定詞組中,介詞只能放在原來的位置上。如:He is the very person whom we must take good care of.
(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),必須用關(guān)系代詞which,不用that,如:I have lost
my bag,which I like very much.
(3)關(guān)系代詞在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致。
5.由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,that可以指人或物,在從句中作主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語(yǔ),如:
The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.?
注意在下面幾種情況下必須用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
(1)先行詞是不定代詞all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等,如:
All that we have to do is to practise English.
(2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,如
The first letter that I got from him will be kept.
(3)先行詞被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修飾,如
I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.
(4)先行詞被the only,the very,the same,the last修飾時(shí)如
He is the only person that I want to talk with.
(5)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí),如:
They talked about persons and things that they met.
(6)當(dāng)句中已有who時(shí),為避免重復(fù),如:Who is the man that is giving us the
class?
6.由when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,如:
I don't know the reason why he was late.
This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.
I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.
注意:先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)時(shí),如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物的,就用that(which),如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物的,就用where引導(dǎo)。This is the house Which/that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)
7.限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
(1)限制性定語(yǔ)從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分,主句和從句之間不用逗號(hào)分開。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,of which等,這些關(guān)系代詞都不能省略。
(2)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明,沒有這種從句,不影響主句意思的完整,一般用逗號(hào)把主句和從句分開,關(guān)系代詞用which,不用that;指人時(shí)可用who,如:I have two brothers,who are both students.
8.如何簡(jiǎn)化定語(yǔ)從句
(1).定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。如:
My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here.
→My grandfather lives in a village far away from here.我祖父住在離這兒很遠(yuǎn)的一個(gè)村子。
This is a book that is worth reading.
→This is a book worth reading.這是一本值得看的書。
(2)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為現(xiàn)在分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作前置或后置定語(yǔ)。
The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.
→The man standing under the tree is our English teacher.
站在樹下面的那個(gè)人是我們的英語(yǔ)老師。
I saw the house that was burning at that time.→I saw the burning house at that time.
當(dāng)時(shí)我看到那房子在燃燒。
(3)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為過去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。
I like to see the films which are directed by Zhang Yimou.→I like to see the films directed by Zhang Yimou.我喜歡看張藝謀導(dǎo)演的電影。
She is the girl who was praised at the school meeting.→She is the girl praised at the school meeting.她就是在校會(huì)上受表彰的那個(gè)女孩。
(4)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。
He is always the first person that comes to school.→He is always the first person to come to school.他總是第一個(gè)到校。
The report which will be given tomorrow is important to us.→The report to be given tomorrow is important to us.明天要作的報(bào)告對(duì)我們很重要。
(5)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為what從句。
I couldn't remember the words that he said.→I couldn't remember what he said.
我記不得他說的話。
英文中什么是定語(yǔ)從句(擴(kuò)展8)
——定語(yǔ)從句用法口訣3篇
定語(yǔ)從句用法口訣1
定語(yǔ)從句真奇妙,
關(guān)系代(副)詞來引導(dǎo),
定語(yǔ)從句分兩種,
是否限定看逗號(hào)。
定語(yǔ)從句用法口訣2
從句當(dāng)中作賓語(yǔ),
whom可以代替who,
為了句子更簡(jiǎn)練,
關(guān)系代詞可省去。
定語(yǔ)從句用法口訣3
關(guān)系若是表所屬,
whose用法不可無。
除此之外還有啥,
whom, which加of。
英文中什么是定語(yǔ)從句(擴(kuò)展9)
——英語(yǔ)中什么叫定語(yǔ)從句 (菁選3篇)
英語(yǔ)中什么叫定語(yǔ)從句1
概念
被修飾的詞叫先行詞.定語(yǔ)從句不同于單詞作定語(yǔ)的情況,它需要放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之后.定語(yǔ)從句一般由關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo).關(guān)系代詞必須放在定語(yǔ)從句之首.定語(yǔ)從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語(yǔ),修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞.定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出.
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分.關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致.
1)who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人.(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書.
3)which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的'繁榮.(which / that在句中作主語(yǔ))
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語(yǔ).
1)when, where, why
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. **是我的出生地.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / on which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了.
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方.
英語(yǔ)中什么叫定語(yǔ)從句2
概念
被修飾的詞叫先行詞.定語(yǔ)從句不同于單詞作定語(yǔ)的情況,它需要放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之后.定語(yǔ)從句一般由關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo).關(guān)系代詞必須放在定語(yǔ)從句之首.定語(yǔ)從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語(yǔ),修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞.定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出.
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分.關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致.
1)who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人.(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書.
3)which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮.(which / that在句中作主語(yǔ))
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語(yǔ).
1)when, where, why
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. **是我的出生地.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / on which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了.
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方.
英語(yǔ)中什么叫定語(yǔ)從句3
定語(yǔ)從句:一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句跟在一名詞或代詞后(先行詞)進(jìn)行修飾限定,就叫做定語(yǔ)從句.在主句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)成分.被修飾的詞叫先行詞.定語(yǔ)從句不同于單詞作定語(yǔ)的情況,它通常只能放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之后.
【關(guān)系詞的特定選擇】
1、只用that不用which
1)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí),關(guān)系詞用that.
2)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí),用that.
3)當(dāng)先行詞帶有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等詞時(shí),用that.
4)當(dāng)主句中有who或which時(shí),為避免重復(fù)用that.
5)當(dāng)先行詞為something,anything,nothing,none,no,little,much,all等不定代詞時(shí)用that.
2、只用who不用that
1)如果先行詞是those,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one時(shí)用who
2)當(dāng)先行詞指人并含有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)從句或在被分割的定語(yǔ)從句中時(shí).
3、只用which不用that
1)當(dāng)主句先行詞后有介詞時(shí),用which.例:This is the one of which I'm speaking.
2)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,用which.
3) 描述句中一般用which.例:Beijing,which was China's capital for more than 800years.
4)those +復(fù)數(shù)名詞之后,多用which .例:Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best.
5)先行詞本身是that時(shí),用which.
英文中什么是定語(yǔ)從句(擴(kuò)展10)
——用定語(yǔ)從句寫我的朋友
用定語(yǔ)從句寫我的朋友1
Xiao Yan is one of my friends who is taller than me.The reason why I wants to making friends with her is that her study is well.She likes eatting fruits which can make her looks nicer.
Last time when I meet her,she tooke me to a cafe where locaed in a big garden and the coffe there is made very well.
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