九一八事變(又稱沈陽事變;日本稱滿洲事變，因中國東北被日本稱作滿洲)指1931年9月18日在中國東北爆發(fā)的一次軍事沖突和政治事件。沖突雙方是中國東北軍和日本關(guān)東軍。九一八事件爆發(fā)后，日本與中國之間的矛盾進一步激化，而在日本國內(nèi)，主戰(zhàn)的日本軍部地位上升，導致日本走上全面侵華的道路。這次事件爆發(fā)后的幾年時間內(nèi)，東北三省全部被日本關(guān)東軍占領(lǐng)，因此被中國民眾視為國恥，直至今日，9月18日在中國許多非正式場合都被稱為“國恥日”。

　　In the evening of September 18, 1931, the Japanese invasion army--Kantogun (Kwantung Army) voluntarily blew up a section of the South Manchuria Railway which was near Liutiao Lake on the suburb of Shenyang, but they accused Chinese troops of destroying the railway. On this pretext, they attacked Beidaying and Shenyang City where the Chinese troops were stationed. Soon afterwards, they occupied more than 20 cities and vast surrounding areas within only several days. That was the “September 18 Incident” that shocked China and the whole world at that time.

　　1931年9月18日晚上，日本駐中國的侵略軍——關(guān)東軍，自行炸毀沈陽北郊柳條湖附近南滿鐵路的一段路軌，反誣中國軍隊破壞鐵路，并借此突然襲擊了東北軍駐地北大營和沈陽城。隨即在幾天內(nèi)侵占20多座城市及其周圍的廣大地區(qū)。這就是當時震驚中外的“九·一八”事變。

　　1931年9月18日夜，日軍以其制造的“柳條湖事件”為借口，大舉進攻沈陽。當時，國民政黨政府正集中力量進行反我共反我人民的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，對日本侵略者采取賣國政策，命令東北軍“絕對不抵抗”，撤至山海關(guān)內(nèi)。日本侵略軍乘虛而入，于9月19日占領(lǐng)沈陽，接著分兵侵占吉林、黑龍江。至1932年1月，東北三省全部淪陷。1932年3月，在日本帝國主義的扶持下，傀儡政權(quán)——偽“滿洲國”在長春建立。從此，日本帝國主義把東北變成它獨占的殖民地，全面加強政治壓迫、經(jīng)濟掠奪、文化奴役，使我東北3000多萬同胞，慘遭涂炭，陷于水深火熱之中。

　　In the evening of September 18, 1931, the Japanese troops mounted a large-scale offensive against Shenyang on the pretext of the “Liutiao Lake Incident”. At that time, the Kuomintang Government was concentrating troops on the anti-communist and anti-people civil war, adopted a policy of quislism towards the Japanese invaders, order troops stationed in Northeast China “not to resist absolutely” and withdraw to the inside of the Shanhai Pass. The Japanese invaders took advantage of this weak point, occupied Shenyang on September 9 and then pided troops to respectively occupy Jilin and Heilongjiang. By January 1932, the three provinces in Northeast China all fell into the enemy hands. In March 1932, under the aegis of the Japanese Imperialism, the puppet regime—the puppet “State of Manchukuo” was founded in Changchun. From then on, The Japanese Imperialists had changed Northeast China into Japan's exclusive colony, fully strengthening political oppressions, economic plunders and cultural enslavements. Our 30 million compatriots in Northeast China were plunged into an abyss of misery and suffering.

　　“九·一八”事變激起了全國人民的抗日怒潮。各地人民紛紛要求抗日，反對國民政黨政府的不抵抗的作法。在中國共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導和影響下。東北人民奮起抵抗，開展抗日游擊戰(zhàn)爭，先后涌現(xiàn)出東北義勇軍等各種抗日武裝。1936年2月，東北各抗日部隊統(tǒng)一改編為東北抗日聯(lián)軍。1937年“七·七”事變后，抗日聯(lián)軍團結(jié)廣大群眾，進一步開展了廣泛持久的抗日武裝斗爭，有力地配合中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導的全國抗戰(zhàn)，終于迎來了抗日戰(zhàn)爭的勝利。

　　The “September 18 Incident” aroused people's angry tide of resistance against Japan all over China. People all over the country successively demanded resistances against Japan and opposed the Kuomintang Government's non-resistance policy. The people in Northeast China were roused to resist and launched anti-Japanese guerilla warfare. Various armed anti-Japanese forces including the Northeast Volunteers appeared. In February 1936, all anti-Japanese troops were uniformly reorganized as the Anti-Japanese Amalgamated Army of the Northeast. After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, the Amalgamated Army united vast majority of masses to further lunch protracted comprehensive armed anti-Japanese struggles, effectively coordinating the nationwide War of Resistance against Japan led by the Communist Party of China, and finally gained the victory over Japan.

　　“九·一八”事變的發(fā)生，是日本帝國主義為了吞并中國、稱霸亞洲及太平洋地區(qū)而采取的一個蓄謀已久的重要侵略步驟。早在1927年夏，日本內(nèi)閣就在東京召開“東方會議”，制定了《對華政策綱領(lǐng)》，聲稱中國東北“在(日本)國防和國民的生存上有著重大的利害關(guān)系”。同年7月，內(nèi)閣首相田中義一向帝皇奏呈“田中奏折”，公然宣稱：“欲征服中國，必先征服滿蒙，欲征服世界，必先征服中國”，從而確立了在“滿蒙”建立侵略基地的狂妄戰(zhàn)略。1931年，日本軍部秘密制訂了有關(guān)侵略我國東北的方針、步驟和措施。在完成了發(fā)動侵略戰(zhàn)爭的周密準備之后，日本帝國主義悍然發(fā)動了“九·一八”事變，揭開了對中國、進而對亞洲及太平洋地區(qū)進行全面武裝侵略的序幕。

　　The launch of the “September 18 Incident” was a long-premeditated important invasion step taken by the Japanese Imperialists for annexing China and dominating Asia and the Pacific Region. Early in the summer of 1927, the Japanese Cabinet held the “Oriental Meeting” and mapped out the “Political Platform towards China” in Tokyo, proclaiming that the Northeast China “has great interests in terms of (Japan's) national defence and people's existence”. In July of the same year, the cabinet prime minister Tanaka Giichi submitted the“Tanaka Memorial”to the Mikado, publicly proclaimed: “In order to conquer China, we must first conquer Manchuria and Inner Mongolia, and in order to conquer the world, we must first conquer China”, thereby decided the presumptuous strategy of establishing invasion bases in “Manchuria and Mongolia”. In 1931, the Japanese Army Headquarters secretly formulated the principles, steps and measures for invading Northeast China. After careful preparation for the invasion war, the Japanese Imperialists blatantly launched the “September 18 Incident”, it was a prelude to all-around armed invasions to China, then Asia and the Pacific Region.