2023考研英語二閱讀真題及答案

　　引導(dǎo)語：為了幫助大家更好地準備考研，以下是小編為大家整理的2023考研英語二閱讀真題及答案，歡迎閱讀!

　　英語二

　　Section 1 Use of English

　　1. [標準答案][C]how

　　[考點分析]連詞辨析

　　[選項分析]? 根據(jù)語境，“新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明：快樂可能會影響工作__的穩(wěn)定。”[A] 為什么 [B] 哪里 [C] 怎樣，多么 [D] 當…時候。根據(jù)語義分析，C選項填入原文，譯為“快樂可能會影響工作是有多么穩(wěn)定”，C為正確選項。

　　2. [標準答案][B]In particular

　　[考點分析]上下文語義以及短語辨析

　　[選項分析][A] 反過來 [B] 尤其是 [C] 相反 [D] 總的來說 根據(jù)前文語境，第二段第一句譯為“根據(jù)近期的研究，擁有更多快樂的人的公司會投資更多”。而第二句“_______那些在快樂氛圍中的公司會做更多的研發(fā)以及發(fā)展�！暗诙�句是在第一句的基礎(chǔ)上進一步強調(diào)說明，因此B選項更符合語境要求。

　　3. [標準答案] [D]necessary

　　[考點分析]上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析

　　[選項分析][A]充足的 [B] 著名的 [C] 完美的 [D] 必要的 首先，根據(jù)本句題干 “That’s?because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.”譯為“因為快樂與對未來投資有______長遠考慮相聯(lián)系�！币�求填寫形容詞, 我們要考慮其搭配與其修飾成分�？崭裉幋钆浣樵~for, 并且修飾“長遠考慮”。因此D選項最符合語境要求。

　　4. [標準答案][C]optimism

　　[考點分析]上下文語義及名詞詞義辨析

　　[選項分析][A]個人主義 [B] 現(xiàn)代主義 [C] 樂觀主義 [D] 現(xiàn)實主義 本題考查同后綴的名詞辨析。根據(jù)原文主旨，探討“happy people”與公司的關(guān)系。那么，衡量四個選項，只有C選項符合主旨要求。

　　5. [標準答案][D]change

　　[考點分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析

　　[選項分析] [A]發(fā)出回聲 [B] 想念，錯過 [C] 破壞 [D] 改變 根據(jù)原文語境，“would 5 the way companies invested.”本題考查動賓搭配，賓語為“公司投資的方式”只有D選項搭配最為合理。

　　6．[標準答案][B]measured

　　[考點分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析

　　[選項分析] [A]想象 [B] 衡量，測量 [C] 發(fā)明 [D] 假定，設(shè)想 “So they compared U.S. cities’average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.”譯為“他們把蓋洛普咨詢公司所_____的美國城市平均幸福指數(shù)與該地區(qū)的上市公司投資活躍度進行對比�！� 根據(jù)原文語境，蓋洛普咨詢公司所做的應(yīng)該是一個“既定事實”所以排除ACD。因此，B選項為最佳選項。

　　7.[標準答案][A]Sure

　　[考點分析]上下文語義及固定搭配

　　[選項分析] [A]確信的 [B] 奇怪的 [C] 不幸運的 [D] 經(jīng)常的 本題為固定搭配“sure enough” 譯為“足以肯定的是，”

　　8．[標準答案][D]headquartered

　　[考點分析]上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析

　　[選項分析] [A]廣告的 [B] 劃分的 [C] 課稅過重的 [D]位于總部的 根據(jù)原文“ firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . ”譯為“足以肯定的是，公司投資與研發(fā)力度與公司______的幸福指數(shù)相關(guān)�！眎n which 引導(dǎo)表示地點的定語從句，先行詞為area.對比四個選項，ABC不足以說明此地點的真實含義。因此，D選項，搭配前文area,構(gòu)成“總部所在地”最為合理。

　　9．[標準答案][A]explain

　　[考點分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析

　　[選項分析] [A]解釋 [B] 夸大 [C] 概述[D]重點強調(diào) 根據(jù)原文“…or ould something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D?” A選項 “explain”常和后文 “why” 搭配使用。

　　10．[標準答案][B]factors

　　[考點分析]上下文語義及名詞詞義辨析

　　[選項分析] [A]階段 [B] 因素 [C] 等級[D]方法 根據(jù)原文語境“To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales…”本題中，破折號后面 “大小，產(chǎn)業(yè)，銷售”這些都是 “讓公司有更多投資的”因素。因此，B選項最符合原文語境。

　　11．[標準答案] [A] desirable

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義和形容詞

　　[選項分析] 該空填的是形容詞，用來修飾前面的名詞place,并且在意義上也是對后面like growth in wages or population的解釋，可以看出來應(yīng)該是填褒義詞，并且能修飾place.所以只有[A]desirable合適的 符合文章。[B]social 社交的 [C]reputable 受尊敬的 [D]reliable 可依靠的。

　　12. [標準答案] [B]held

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析

　　[選項分析] 該句算是這一段的總結(jié)句，該段整體在描述幸福與投資之間的關(guān)系，而這一link就只能得出了，只有[B]held ”得出”符合語境。A resumed “重新開始”，C emerge “浮現(xiàn)”，D broke “破壞”。

　　13．[標準答案] [A] attribute

　　[考點分析] 上下文邏輯關(guān)系以及動詞詞組辨析

　　[選項分析]該空是一個which引導(dǎo)的定語從句的謂語動詞所在地，動詞的賓語就是前面的主句，強調(diào)“幸福與投資之間的關(guān)系尤其適用于新公司”這一結(jié)論與后面“所做決定會偏草率”之間的關(guān)系，能看出是一個因果關(guān)系，因此答案選擇[A]attribute 與to 搭配表示“歸因于……”，而[B]assign to表示“指派”[C]transfer to“轉(zhuǎn)移到”[D]compare to“與……比較”均不符合題意。

　　14．[標準答案] [D] experienced

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析

　　[選項分析] 此處很簡單，前面有一個并列連詞and, 與前面的young一致修飾managers,強調(diào)新公司的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)年輕并缺乏經(jīng)驗，只有[D]experienced最合適。

　　15. [標準答案] [C] also

　　[考點分析] 上下文邏輯關(guān)系以及副詞詞義辨析

　　[選項分析]前面說到了“年輕的新經(jīng)理決策時更容易受情緒影響�！迸c后面的“這種關(guān)系在員工幸福指數(shù)_____的公司尤為明顯。公司似乎樂于投資那些相對快樂的員工所在的部門，而不是那些不快樂的部門�！敝�間很明顯是一種遞進關(guān)系，所以只有[C]also合適。

　　16. [標準答案] [D]equally

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及副詞詞義辨析

　　[選項分析] 這題是考察副詞修飾spread, 但是更要注意的是該句“這種關(guān)系在員工幸福指數(shù)_____的公司尤為明顯。公司似乎樂于投資那些相對快樂的員工所在的部門，而不是那些不快樂的部門。”中該空與后面的inequality形成復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，所以很容易判斷出答案選擇[D]equally。

　　17. [標準答案] [C] while

　　[考點分析] 上下文邏輯關(guān)系

　　[選項分析] 該題是典型的考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系的題目，因此著力點應(yīng)該放在上一段和這一段之間的關(guān)系。這一段第一句明確說出“這并不證明是幸福導(dǎo)致公司大量投資……”，所以兩句話之間是一個轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，選擇while.

　　18. [標準答案] [C]hints

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析

　　[選項分析] 該題可以看出是考察動詞與at的固定搭配，arrive at是“到達，抵達”，jump at是“撲向；欣然接受”hint at是“暗示” strike at是“襲擊，攻擊”，文章中的at least 和that possibility論證了這是一種可能，只有hint at有這層含義。

　　19. [標準答案] [A]shape

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析 reshape 重塑

　　[選項分析] 根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)該選一個“影響”未來看法含義的動詞，[B]是“再發(fā)現(xiàn)”[C]是“使簡化，使單純”[D]是“分享”所以可以均可以排除，A 是“塑造，形成，影響”，所以A項是最佳答案。

　　20. [標準答案] [B]lean towards

　　[選項分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞組詞義辨析

　　[考點分析] 本空考察動詞詞組，且該詞組詞義應(yīng)與and前面意思保持一致，且作用對象為研發(fā)。[A]pray for 祈禱 [B]lean towards 傾向 [C]give away 放棄，泄露 [D]send out 放出，給予。只有[B]選項能表達一種遞進含義。

　　Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

　　Text 1

　　Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.

　　Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “l(fā)egacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches。 The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2023—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2023 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers。

　　Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.

　　Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education。 Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.

　　1.According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has______.

　　[A] gained great popularity

　　[B] created many jobs

　　[C] strengthened community ties

　　[D] become an official festival

　　A

　　答案為A。通過題干可以定位在第一段，可以通過，每天超過五萬人跑步、引發(fā)了400場運動在英國和在國外等信息得知，公園跑很受歡迎。

　　2.The author believes that London’s Olympic “l(fā)egacy” has failed to______.

　　[A] boost population growth

　　[B] promote sport participation

　　[C] improve the city’s image

　　[D] increase sport hours in schools

　　B

　　答案為B。通過題干倫敦和奧林匹克遺產(chǎn)可以定位到第二段，題目問的是倫敦奧運會的遺產(chǎn)沒有做成什么事，題干中的failed to可以對應(yīng)第二段即使看到了failing，但并沒有答案。再往下看，倫敦奧運會承諾，人口將會更健康、更多冠軍，但這并沒有發(fā)生，not happed才真正對應(yīng)failed to.

　　3.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it______.

　　[A] aims at discovering talents

　　[B] focuses on mass competition

　　[C] does not emphasize elitism

　　[D] does not attract first-timers

　　C

　　答案為C。這道題定位在第三段的中間，奧林匹克的倡導(dǎo)者相反，想要更多的參與運動創(chuàng)造更多的精英。

　　4.With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should______.

　　[A] organize “grassroots” sports events

　　[B] supervise local sports associations

　　[C] increase funds for sports clubs

　　[D] invest in public sports facilities

　　D

　　答案為D。提到大眾體育，作者認為政府應(yīng)該投資公共的體育設(shè)施。政府在第四段的中間，講到政府應(yīng)該訓(xùn)練的空間、用錢去鋪設(shè)網(wǎng)球場。這里是答案的同意轉(zhuǎn)換。

　　5.The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is______.

　　[A] tolerant

　　[B] critical

　　[C] uncertain

　　[D] sympathetic

　　B

　　答案為B。最后一段but轉(zhuǎn)折后說，繼任的政府賣綠地、減少本地政府的預(yù)算同時減少在體育方面的關(guān)注度，所以持批判態(tài)度。

　　Text 2

　　With so much focus on children's use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”

　　Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.

　　Infants are wired to look at parents' faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive — as they often are when absorbed in a device — it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother's attention. “Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child's verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.

　　On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an "oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting" with their children: “It's based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you're failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn't learning from the screen doesn't mean there's no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.

　　26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.

　　[A]simplify routine matters

　　[B]absorb user attention

　　[C]better interpersonal relations

　　[D]increase work efficiency

　　B

　　答案為B。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題原文第一段“……digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.”可知，B選項中absorb和promote對應(yīng)，user attention和engagement 對應(yīng)。

　　27. Radesky's food-testing exercise shows that mothers' use of devices ______.

　　[A]takes away babies' appetite

　　[B]distracts children's attention

　　[C]slows down babies' verbal development

　　[D]reduces mother-child communication

　　D

　　答案為D。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文第二段“She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.” 可知，D選項中reduce communication和started fewer verbal and fewer nonverbal interactions對應(yīng)。

　　28. Radesky's cites the "still face experiment" to show that _______.

　　[A]it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions

　　[B]verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange

　　[C]children are insensitive to changes in their parents' mood

　　[D]parents need to respond to children's emotional needs

　　D

　　答案為D。例證題。根據(jù)原文第三段“……there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child's verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need” 可知，D選項中need to respond to children' s emotional needs和本句同意替換。因此D選項是正確選項。

　　29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.

　　[A]protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies

　　[B]teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year

　　[C]ensure constant interaction with their children

　　[D]remain concerned about kid's use of screens

　　C

　　答案為C。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文第四段“……oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting with their children.”可知，C選項中constant interaction 與always be interacting 同義替換，因此C選項是正確選項。

　　30. According to Tronick, kid's use of screens may_______.

　　[A]give their parents some free time

　　[B]make their parents more creative

　　[C]help them with their homework

　　[D]help them become more attentive

　　A

　　答案為A。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文第四段“……particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child.”可知，A選項give their parents some free time和gives parents time 同義替換。

　　Text 3

　　Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn't academic.

　　But while this may be true, it's not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated "race to the finish line," whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits-in fact, it probably enhances it.

　　Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes-all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.

　　If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.

　　31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____.

　　[A]they think it academically misleading

　　[B]they have a lot of fun to expect in college

　　[C]it feels strange to do differently from others

　　[D]it seems worthless to take off-campus courses

　　C

　　答案為C。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文第一段第二句話“After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it?”可知，本句用反問的形式表達了原因之一在于他們不想和其他人不同。所以C正確。

　　32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____.

　　[A]keep students from being unrealistic

　　[B]lower risks in choosing careers

　　[C]ease freshmen's financial burdens

　　[D]relieve freshmen of pressures

　　D

　　答案為D。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文第三段的第二句話“Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most.”可知，此句中pushes them ahead by preparing them for...與D選項 relieve freshmen of 進行同義改寫。often struggle with the most對應(yīng)的是本句中的Pressure，first-years students 對應(yīng)freshmen。D選項全方位替換。

　　33. The word "acclimation" (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to_____.

　　[A]adaptation

　　[B]application

　　[C]motivation

　　[D]competition

　　A

　　答案為A。詞義題。根據(jù)原文第三段最后一句話“Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.”可知，當談到適應(yīng)大學(xué)生活并且很快融入到一個全新的環(huán)境這個問題時，擁有空檔年方面的經(jīng)驗可以減少相關(guān)的打擊，這就使得專注去學(xué)習(xí)并且參與活動而不是______更容易。各選項代入，A最符合語義，和前面的adjusting to形成復(fù)現(xiàn)。

　　34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.

　　[A]avoid academic failures

　　[B]establish long-term goals

　　[C]switch to another college

　　[D]decide on the right major

　　D

　　答案為D。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文第四段第一句和第三句話“If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices.”可知，本句中financial impact與題干中的money 相對應(yīng)，順沿看后面的信息第三句“This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes.”可知，學(xué)生在確定專業(yè)時會有困難。綜合前后語義，可知 D正確。

　　35. The most suitable title for this text would be_____.

　　[A]In Favor of the Gap Year

　　[B]The ABCs of the Gap Year

　　[C]The Gap Year Comes Back

　　[D]The Gap Year: A Dilemma

　　A

　　答案為A。主旨題。本文開篇通過學(xué)生對于空檔年的看法——不接受，引出文章的主題詞the Gap Year。第二段通過BUT作為轉(zhuǎn)折，引出作者的態(tài)度，提到空檔年的各種好處，可以幫助新生緩解壓力，可以幫助學(xué)生確定專業(yè)以減少經(jīng)濟上的一些損失，由此可見，作者是支持、贊成的態(tài)度。所以A選項正確。

　　Text 4

　　Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.

　　In 2023, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires-nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work-such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep-that affect the lives of all Americans.

　　Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?

　　“It's already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”

　　Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.

　　For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change-how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.

　　While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn't come at the expense of the rest of the equation.

　　“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”

　　At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.

　　“We've disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”

　　36.More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2023 they_____.

　　[A]exhausted unprecedented management efforts

　　[B]consumed a record-high percentage of budget

　　[C]severely damaged the ecology of western states

　　[D]caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure

　　B

　　答案為B。細節(jié)題，根據(jù)原文第二段“In 2023, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.”可知，B選項中a record-high percentage of budget與nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago對應(yīng)，因此B選項是正確選項。

　　37.Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to _____.

　　[A]raise more funds for fire-prone areas

　　[B]avoid the redirection of federal money

　　[C]find wildfire-free parts of the landscape

　　[D]guarantee safer spending of public funds

　　D

　　答案為D。細節(jié)題，根據(jù)原文第四We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”可知，選項D guarantee safer spending of public funds是本句的同義替換，因此D選項是正確選項。

　　38.While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _____.

　　[A]public debates have not settled yet

　　[B]fire-fighting conditions are improving

　　[C]other factors should not be overlooked

　　[D]a shift in the view of fire has taken place

　　C

　　答案為C。細節(jié)題，根據(jù)原文第七段“While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.”可知，選項C other factors should not be overlooked 是對本句的同義替換，因此選項C是正確選項。

　　39.The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____.

　　[A]discover the fundamental makeup of nature

　　[B]explore the mechanism of the human systems

　　[C]maximize the role of landscape in human life

　　[D]understand the interrelations of man and nature

　　D

　　答案為D。細節(jié)題，根據(jù)原文第八段：“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be,……”可知，選項D中 the interrelations of man and nature和The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked對應(yīng)，因此選項D是正確選項。

　　40.Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.

　　[A]do away with

　　[B]come to terms with

　　[C]pay a price for

　　[D]keep away from

　　B

　　答案為B。細節(jié)題，根據(jù)原文第九段“But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible,”可知，選項B come to terms with是本句的同義替換，因此選項B 是正確選項。

　　今年四篇文章難度一般。在我們整體的考研閱讀當中，所需要具備的一個最重要的能力就是如何去看到題目之后，定準了位，并且找到那個我們真正應(yīng)該找到的'位置，在四個選項當中去找意思的原文最匹配的選項。具體相關(guān)知識點和解題思路在考研教育網(wǎng)強化階段英語強化班閱讀理解部分有重點講解。

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. "We don't make anything anymore," he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.

　　Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.

　　But there is also a different way to look at the data.

　　Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.

　　For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers-and upward pressure on wages. "They're harder to find and they have job offers," says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, "They may be coming [into the workforce], but they've been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing," Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.

　　At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.

　　At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It's his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. "I love working with tools. I love creating." he says.

　　But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession," says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.

　　These concerns aren't misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2023. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.

　　"The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill," says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. "There're enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill. It's that gap in between, and that's where the problem is."

　　Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. "Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives," she says.

　　[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.

　　41. Jay Deuwell [B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill.

　　42. Jason Stenquist [C] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything anymore.

　　43. Birgit Klohs [D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.

　　44. Rob Spohr [E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.

　　45.Julie Parks [F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.

　　[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents.

　　41.E

　　答案為E。根據(jù)題干人名Jay Deuwell定位文中“They’re harder to find and they have job offers,”他們很難發(fā)現(xiàn)他們有工作邀請。harder對應(yīng)選項 stiff(艱難地)。答案選E。

　　42. A

　　答案為A。根據(jù)題干人名Jason Stenquist對應(yīng)文中“I love working with tools. I love creating”，我愛與工具打交道，我喜歡創(chuàng)新，tool對應(yīng)選項tools。答案選A。

　　43. G

　　答案為G。根據(jù)題干人名Birgit Klohs，定位文中“remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,”記住他們的爸爸媽媽都下崗了，他們歸因于生產(chǎn)蕭條。文中blame對應(yīng)選項blame。答案選G。

　　44. B

　　答案為B。根據(jù)人名Rob Spohr，對應(yīng)文中“The gap is between the jobs that take no skills and those that require a lot of skill,”工作之間的差距是那個不需要技能，而那些需要很多技能。文中skill對應(yīng)選項skill(技能)。答案選B。

　　45. F

　　答案為F。題干問Julie的觀點，對應(yīng)文中“We’ve never had so much attention from manufacturers.”我從沒有得到過這么多來自制造商的注意，attraction對應(yīng)選項attract(吸引)。答案選F。

　　新題型要求考生從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上的聯(lián)系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，對諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特征有較強的意識和熟練的把握，并具備運用語法知識分析理解長難句的能力。新題型有三種題型，不同的題型考查的重點不同，因此有不同的解題思路和技巧，需要考生全面把握，尤其是對于完形填句(段)題和排序題，是對語言能力和閱讀理解能力的綜合測試，因此在要求上遠遠高于小標題選擇題和觀點例證題，考生有必要對這類題型的答題思路多練習(xí)，以提高自己在這個部分的應(yīng)試能力。具體相關(guān)知識點和解題思路在考研教育網(wǎng)強化階段英語強化班新題型部分有重點講解。

　　Section III Translation

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　46.My Dream

　　My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realised that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion”.

　　我的夢想

　　我一直夢想著能找到一個結(jié)合時尚與出版的工作。中學(xué)畢業(yè)前兩年，我學(xué)習(xí)了縫紉設(shè)計課程，認為自己繼而能夠?qū)W習(xí)時尚設(shè)計。然而，期間，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在該領(lǐng)域不夠優(yōu)秀，不足以在未來與其他富有創(chuàng)造力的人競爭。因此，得出結(jié)論：這條道路不適合我。在申請大學(xué)之前，我告訴大家自己會選擇新聞專業(yè)，因為寫作一直都是我最喜歡的事情之一。但是，說實話，當時這樣說，是因為我認為時尚于我而言就是個夢想。我知道完全沒有人相信我會進入時尚這一行。因此，我決定去尋找一些課程，既與時尚相關(guān)、又涉及寫作。就在這時，我注意到了《時尚媒體與營銷》這門課程。

　　翻譯考查考生在準確理解的基礎(chǔ)上，按照英語語法結(jié)構(gòu)拆分句子，準確、通順翻譯漢語的能力。本次考試的翻譯考點主要包含對并列句、定語從句、狀語從句及固定詞組等翻譯的考查。具體相關(guān)知識點和解題思路在考研教育網(wǎng)基礎(chǔ)階段英語基礎(chǔ)班班的翻譯部分有重點講解。