全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版4第四冊(cè)課后習(xí)題答案和翻譯免3篇
全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版4第四冊(cè)課后習(xí)題答案和翻譯免1
Part II Text A
lexf Organization
Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas
Part One Paras 1-2 Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.
Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleon's military campaign againstRussia
Part Three Paras 12-20 Hitler's military campaign against theSoviet Union
Part Four Para 21 Conclusion—the elements of nature must be rekoned with in any military campaign.
2.
Sections Paragraphs Main Ideas
Section One Paras 12-13 Hitler's blitzkrieg againstRussiaand Stalin's scorched earth policy
Section Two Paras 14-18 the battles fought atLeningrad,MoscowandStalingradSection Three Paras 19-20 the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the war
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of
3) stroke 4) limp
5) minus 6) regions
7) declarations 8) siege
9) raw 10) bide his time
11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of
2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down
3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on
5) get by 6) dine out
7) have cut back 8) get through
3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.
2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike
3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.
4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.
5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date /obso lete.
4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.
2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases,work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.
3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.
II.More Synonyms in Context
1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place inthe gloomy trenches ofFrance andBelgium.
2) Elizabethmade careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.
3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.
4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.
III. Usage
1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.
2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.
3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work
4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.
5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.
6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. invasion 2. stand in the way
3. Conquest 4. catching... off his guard
5. launching 6. declaration
7. campaign 8. drag on
9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt
(B)
1. allow 2. reckoned
3. highly 4. forecasts
5. rapidly 6. instant
7. delivery 8. advantage
9. observing 10. Powerful
II. Translation
1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.
2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.
3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.
4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.
5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood commi* decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.
The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The pision commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a
gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.
全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版4第四冊(cè)課后習(xí)題答案和翻譯免2
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuckin
12) approximately
2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on
5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into
3. 1)… incorporates all the latest safety features
2) …two trees ten feet apart
3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site
4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.
5) … are correlated in all racial groups
4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to
2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency
3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazard
II. Word Formation
Clipped Words Blends
Kilo kilogram Medicare medical care
Memo memorandum email electronic mail
gym gymnasium comsat communications satellite
lib liberation newscast news broadcast
doc doctor skyjack sky hijack
vet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollar
prep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunch
auto automobile telecast television broadcast
flu influenza Oxbridge OxfordandCambridge
III. 1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English 4. disturbing change 5. fully developed prototype 6. Canned foods 7. working population 8. puzzling differences Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
1.
1) com*rized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor
2.
1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalities
II. Translation
1.
1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.
2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.
3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.
4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently
5) The per stood on the edge of the ping board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.
2.
Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today
the application of com*r technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.
全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版4第四冊(cè)課后習(xí)題答案和翻譯免3篇擴(kuò)展閱讀
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全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版課后答案下載1
點(diǎn)擊此處下載???全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版課后答案???
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全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程是上**語(yǔ)教育出版社出版的'一本圖書。
作者復(fù)旦大學(xué)、**大學(xué)、華東師范大學(xué)、*科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)、華南理工大學(xué)、南京大學(xué)、武漢大學(xué)、南開(kāi)大學(xué)、*人民大學(xué)、中山大學(xué)、西安交通大學(xué)、東南大學(xué)、華中科技大學(xué)、蘇州大學(xué)以及麥克米倫等著名院校和出版機(jī)構(gòu)的資深教授及英語(yǔ)教學(xué)專家合作編寫
全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版4第四冊(cè)課后習(xí)題答案和翻譯免3篇(擴(kuò)展2)
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全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版1-4冊(cè)課后答案(李蔭華 著)1
全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版1-4冊(cè)課后答案(李蔭華 著)2
全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(第二版)綜合教程課后練習(xí)答案.rar
全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版4第四冊(cè)課后習(xí)題答案和翻譯免3篇(擴(kuò)展3)
——新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版第四冊(cè)第四課課文翻譯 (菁選5篇)
新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版第四冊(cè)第四課課文翻譯1
4. As borders and national identities become less important, some find that threatening and even dangerous. In an essay entitled "Dead Souls: The Denationalization of the American Elite," Harvard Professor Samuel Huntington describes Davos Man (a phrase that first got widespread attention in the 1990s) as an emerging global superspecies and a threat. The members of this class, he writes, are people who "have little need for national loyalty, view national boundaries as obstacles that thankfully are vanishing, and see national governments as residues from the past whose only useful function is to facilitate the élite's global operations." Huntington argues that Davos Man's global-citizen self-image is starkly at odds with the values of most Americans, who remain deeplycommitted to their nation. This disconnect, he says, creates "a major cultural fault line. In a variety of ways, the American establishment, governmental and private, has become increasingly porced from the American people."
隨著邊界和對(duì)國(guó)家的認(rèn)同變得越來(lái)越不重要,有些人將此視作威脅,甚至危險(xiǎn)。**大學(xué)教授塞繆爾·亨廷頓在一篇題為《死魂靈:**精英的去國(guó)家化》的論文中將***人(該說(shuō)法最早在20世紀(jì)90年代引起廣泛注意)描寫成為一個(gè)新興的全球超級(jí)物種和威脅。他寫道,該階層的成員“不要什么對(duì)國(guó)家的忠誠(chéng),視國(guó)界為障礙,而萬(wàn)幸的是這種障礙正在消失,他們還把國(guó)家的**看作是歷史遺留下來(lái)的東西,它們唯一的用處就是為精英們的全球運(yùn)營(yíng)提供方便!焙嗤㈩D提出,***人以全球公民自居的自我形象,與大多數(shù)**人的價(jià)值觀完全相悖。后者依然堅(jiān)定地忠于他們自己的國(guó)家。他說(shuō),這種脫節(jié)造成了“一個(gè)重大的文化斷層。在種種意義上,****和私營(yíng)企業(yè)的當(dāng)權(quán)派們與**大眾漸行漸遠(yuǎn)!
R T 5. Naturally, many Davos Men don't accept Huntington's terms. Klaus Schwab, the founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, argues that endorsing a global outlook does not mean erasing national identity. "Globalization can never provide us with cultural identity, which needs to be local and national in nature."
許多***人自然不同意亨廷頓的說(shuō)法。世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇的創(chuàng)始人兼執(zhí)行**克勞斯·施瓦布爭(zhēng)辯說(shuō),**全球觀并不意味著抹去對(duì)國(guó)家的認(rèn)同。“全球化決無(wú)可能給予我們文化認(rèn)同,因?yàn)楹笳咴诒举|(zhì)上必須是本土的、民族的!
6. Global trade has been around for centuries; the corporations and countries that benefited from it were largely content to treat vast parts of the world as places to mine natural resources or sell finished products. Even as the globalization of capital accelerated in the 1980s, most foreign investment was between relatively wealthy countries, not from wealthy countries into poorer ones. U.S. technology, companies and money were often at the forefront of this movement.
全球貿(mào)易已經(jīng)持續(xù)了幾個(gè)世紀(jì);過(guò)去從中獲益的企業(yè)和國(guó)家在很大程度上滿足于將世界上的廣大地區(qū)視為自然資源的開(kāi)采地或成品的銷售地。即便到了20世紀(jì)80年代,資本全球化已經(jīng)加速,大多數(shù)外國(guó)投資仍在相對(duì)富裕的國(guó)家之間進(jìn)行,而不是從富裕國(guó)家流向較貧窮國(guó)家。**的技術(shù)、企業(yè)和資金通常處于這一流動(dòng)的前沿。
7. However the past two decades have witnessed the rise of other significant players. The developed world is beating a path to China's and India's door — and Chinese and Indian companies, in turn, have started to look overseas for some of their future growth. Beijing has even started what it calls a "Going Out" policy that encourages Chinese firms to buy assets overseas. Asian nations are creating "a remarkable environment of innovation," says John Chambers, chief executive of Cisco Systems. "China and India are graduating currently more than five times the number of engineers that we are here in the U.S." That means that U.S. and European companies are now facing high-quality, low-cost competition from overseas. No wonder so many Western workers worry about losing their jobs. " If the issue is the size of the total pie, globalization has proved a good thing," says Orit Gadiesh, chairman of consultants Bain & Co. "If the issue is how the pie is pided, if you're in the Western world you could question that."
然而,在過(guò)去二十年間,另外一些重大參與者出現(xiàn)了。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家正在開(kāi)辟一條通向**和印度大門的.道路——而**和印度的公司又將眼光投向**,尋找未來(lái)增長(zhǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)。**甚至提出了“走出去”的**,鼓勵(lì)**企業(yè)購(gòu)買****。亞洲各國(guó)正在形成“一個(gè)創(chuàng)新的卓越環(huán)境,”思科系統(tǒng)公司的首席執(zhí)行官約翰·錢伯斯如是說(shuō)!澳壳**和印度的工科大學(xué)畢業(yè)生是我們**的五倍還多!边@就意味著**和歐洲的公司現(xiàn)在面臨來(lái)自**的高質(zhì)量、低成本的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。毋怪乎這么多**工人擔(dān)心失業(yè)!叭绻麊(wèn)題涉及的是整個(gè)蛋糕的大小,那全球化已經(jīng)被證明是件好事。”貝恩管理咨詢公司的董事長(zhǎng)奧里特·加迪西說(shuō),“如果問(wèn)題在于蛋糕怎么分,而你又是**人,那你就會(huì)質(zhì)疑全球化!
新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版第四冊(cè)第四課課文翻譯2
Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates.
全球化正在掃除國(guó)界、改變國(guó)與國(guó)之間的關(guān)系。這對(duì)國(guó)家的認(rèn)同和對(duì)國(guó)家的忠誠(chéng)會(huì)帶來(lái)什么影響呢?它們會(huì)得到加強(qiáng)還是削弱?作者對(duì)這些問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了探討。
In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel
1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the U.S., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $1.6 billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization."
尋找***人
彼得·甘貝爾
威廉·布勞德出生于新澤西州的普林斯頓,在芝加哥長(zhǎng)大,就讀于加利福尼亞州的斯坦福大學(xué)。但別叫他**人。他今年40歲,過(guò)去16年來(lái)一直生活在**以外的地方,先是在倫敦,1996年后在***經(jīng)營(yíng)他自己的投資公司。布勞德如今掌管著價(jià)值16億美元的資產(chǎn)。1998年,他放棄**護(hù)照,成為英國(guó)公民,因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在的生活中心在歐洲!皣(guó)家認(rèn)同對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)不重要,”他說(shuō),“我覺(jué)得自己完全是個(gè)國(guó)際人。如果你有四個(gè)朋友,又喜歡你所做的事情,那么你在哪兒無(wú)關(guān)緊要。這就是全球化。”
2. Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a U.S. citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. "I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that," he says.
亞歷克斯·曼德?tīng)栆彩侨蚧目駸嵝磐,但他?duì)自己的看法與布勞德不同。61歲的曼德?tīng)栐?*電報(bào)電話公司總裁。他出生于奧地利,現(xiàn)在經(jīng)營(yíng)著一家法國(guó)技術(shù)公司,該公司在*的業(yè)務(wù)與日俱增。他估計(jì)自己幾乎90%的時(shí)間都花在出差上。然而,盡管曼德?tīng)柸虻教幣埽呀?jīng)做了45年**公民的他還是認(rèn)為自己是個(gè)**人!拔液敛贿t疑地把自己當(dāng)作**人。我在其他地方度過(guò)很多時(shí)間,但是這一事實(shí)不能改變我是**人,”他說(shuō)。
3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global sup* of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and Women share at least one belief: that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable. They see the world increasingly as one vast, interconnected marketplace in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.
雖然布勞德和曼德?tīng)枌?duì)各自的國(guó)籍界定不同,他們都將國(guó)籍視為個(gè)人選擇,而不是由出生地決定的。而且,他倆都是***人,這可不是巧合。***人指的是那些每年長(zhǎng)途跋涉去瑞士阿爾卑斯山區(qū)小城***參加年度世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇——該論壇始于1971年——的國(guó)際商業(yè)精英們。本周,布勞德和曼德?tīng)枌⑼渌?200余名企業(yè)高管、政界人士、學(xué)者、**、作家和少數(shù)幾位好萊塢明星一起,參加為時(shí)五天的交際活動(dòng)、宴會(huì)和沒(méi)完沒(méi)了的認(rèn)真的討論。討論話題林林總總,從大選后的伊拉克和非洲的艾滋病病毒到全球的石油供應(yīng)和納米技術(shù)的重大意義。然而今年,或許比以往更甚的是,***論壇的一個(gè)熱門話題就是***本身。盡管與會(huì)男女各不相同,但他們大多數(shù)有一個(gè)共同信念:全球化,亦即資本、勞動(dòng)力和技術(shù)不受阻礙地跨國(guó)界流動(dòng),是值得歡迎和不可**的。在他們看來(lái),世界越來(lái)越像一個(gè)巨大的互相聯(lián)系的市場(chǎng)。在這個(gè)市場(chǎng)里,企業(yè)尋求采購(gòu)、生產(chǎn)及銷售產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的最佳地點(diǎn)。
新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版第四冊(cè)第四課課文翻譯3
Blue sky mold - creates brilliance
The blue sky mould company is one of the most famous extrusion mould manufacturers in China. We have two subsidiaries of TA mould company and TC mould company, four levels of mould and hundreds of product groups.
Established in 1993, TA mould company covers an area of 30 acres and is located in ningbo city, zhejiang province, known as the "hometown of mould" and "plastic kingdom". In 2007, to expand the company's entry into the world market, we built a new TC mould company.
As an experienced professional mould manufacturer, we have established a unique and complete mould manufacturing theory of extrusion system. We are in the leading position in mould design, thermal plastic precision slow motion control, PVC low foaming technology, WPC raw material formula, extrusion molding operation technology and so on.
Many of the mould products we have developed are widely used in construction materials, decoration, packaging and other industries, including daily necessities.
We are committed to creating brilliance in every field. In order to achieve such a goal, we work closely with our customers and work together to meet customer requirements with the most competitive price and optimal quality.
We are proud to be able to provide expert support and advice to our clients and to provide solutions for customers to select or develop efficient tooling products that meet their own requirements. Our technical team can provide services to all phases of your business and provide on-site operational training to enable customers to use products more effectively. In addition, we are not satisfied with the status quo, we have never stopped the pace of progress, and constantly strive to improve product service and quality.
Since we have abundant experience, advanced equipment and efficient production system, our products have been exported to more than 40 countries and regions, including Europe, America, southeast Asia and central Asia. We will try our best to provide the best extrusion mould and all-round technical support to our customers all over the world.
We are willing to join hands with you to create a brilliant future!
藍(lán)天模具——?jiǎng)?chuàng)造輝煌
藍(lán)天模具公司是*最著名的擠壓式模具生產(chǎn)廠家之一。我們擁有TA 模具公司和TC 模具公司兩家分公司、四個(gè)級(jí)別的模具和上百種產(chǎn)品組。
TA 模具公司建于1993 年,占地面積達(dá)30英畝,位于久負(fù)盛名的“模具之鄉(xiāng)”和“塑料王國(guó)”之稱的城市——浙江省寧波市。2007 年,為了擴(kuò)大企業(yè)進(jìn)軍世界市場(chǎng),我們又新建一個(gè)TC 模具公司。
作為經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的專業(yè)的模具生產(chǎn)商,我們已創(chuàng)立了一套獨(dú)特而完整的擠壓式集成系統(tǒng)模具制造理論。我們?cè)谀>咴O(shè)計(jì)、熱塑精密緩動(dòng)**、PVC 低發(fā)泡技術(shù)、WPC 原料配方、擠壓成型操作技術(shù)等方面都處于領(lǐng)先地位。
我們研發(fā)的眾多模具產(chǎn)品被廣泛地用于建筑材料業(yè)、裝飾業(yè)、包裝等行業(yè),包括日常生活用品。
我們致力于在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)造輝煌。為了達(dá)成這樣的目標(biāo),我們與客戶緊密合作,共同努力,以最具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的價(jià)格、最優(yōu)的品質(zhì)滿足客戶要求。
能夠?yàn)榭蛻籼峁⿲<?*與建議,并為客戶選擇或開(kāi)發(fā)符合自身要求的高效的模具產(chǎn)品提供解決方案,我們感到很自豪。我們的技術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)能夠?yàn)槟鷺I(yè)務(wù)的各個(gè)階段提供服務(wù),并為客戶提供現(xiàn)場(chǎng)操作培訓(xùn),以使客戶能夠更有效地使用產(chǎn)品。除此之外,我們不滿足于現(xiàn)狀,從未停止過(guò)前進(jìn)的腳步,不斷追求提高產(chǎn)品服務(wù)與質(zhì)量。
由于我們有豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、先進(jìn)的設(shè)備和高效的生產(chǎn)體系,我們的產(chǎn)品已出口40 多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū),包括歐洲、美洲、東南亞和中亞等。我們將盡力為全球的客戶提供*最好的擠壓式模具和全方位的技術(shù)**。
我們?cè)负湍鷶y手共創(chuàng)燦爛美好的明天!
新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版第四冊(cè)第四課課文翻譯4
We have all wished, at some time or other, for a perfect memory. We want to be able to remember things in exact detail. It's too bad that we forget so much that we have learned in school and at home. How can we make a realistic opinion of ourselves if your recall of the past is neither accurate nor complete?Yet a perfect memory is not always as good as one might suppose. There was the story about a Russian journalist, S. He could remember long lists of numbers and words and many pages of a telephone book after seeing them for only a few seconds. He could repeat these lists both forward and backward, even after many years had passed. He also remembered the conditions under which he had first learned the material.S. used various memory tricks to help his memory. Many of these tricks involved forming mental pictures. But you shouldn't envy him, for he had a serious problem: he could not forget. Those mental pictures kept coming to his mind. They distracted him and made it difficult for him to concentrate.
我們都曾希望擁有完美的記憶力,想要記住事情的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。 我們會(huì)遺忘在學(xué)校和家里學(xué)到的很多東西,這太糟糕了。如果我們對(duì)過(guò)去的記憶既不準(zhǔn)確又不完整ξ頤怯衷趺茨芄蛔齔齜合實(shí)際的自我評(píng)價(jià)呢? 然而,完美的記憶力并不總是像人們想象的那么美好。有這樣一個(gè)關(guān)于*****“S”的故事。他只需看上幾秒鐘便能記住長(zhǎng)串的數(shù)字、單詞和許多頁(yè)電話號(hào)碼簿上的內(nèi)容。甚至在多年以后,他仍能將這些長(zhǎng)串的信息倒背如流。他還記得他第一次記這些材料時(shí)的情景。 “S”用各種各樣的記憶“竅門”幫助自己記憶,其中的許多竅門涉及到在大腦中形成圖像。不過(guò),你不必羨慕他,因?yàn)樗幸粋(gè)很嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題:不會(huì)遺忘。那些大腦中的圖像老是浮現(xiàn)在他眼前ナ顧分心,無(wú)法集中***。
新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版第四冊(cè)第四課課文翻譯5
Iron and the Effects of Exercise
Sports medicine experts have observed for years that endurance athletes, particularly females,frequently have iron deficiencies. Now a new study by a team of Purdue University researcherssuggests that even moderate exercise may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women.
"We found that women who were normally inactive and then started a program of moderate exerciseshowed evidence of iron loss," says Roseanne M. Lyle, associate professor at Purdue. Her study of 62formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week for six months was published in thejournal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.
"Women who consumed additional meat or took iron supplements were able to bounce back," shenotes. "But the new exercisers who followed their normal diet showed a decrease in iron levels."Iron deficiency is very common among women in general, affecting one in four female teenagers andone in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. But the ratio is even greater among active women,affecting up to 80 percent of female endurance athletes. This means, Lyle says, that "too many womenignore the amount of iron they take in";. Women of child-bearing age are at greatest risk, since theirmonthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss. Plus, many health-conscious women increase their riskby rejecting red meat, which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron. And because women oftenrestrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not consume enough iron-rich food, and areliable to experience a deficiency.
"The average woman takes in only two thirds of the recommended daily allowance for iron," notesanother expert. "For a woman who already has a poor iron status, any additional iron loss from exercisemay be enough to tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency," notes the expert.
Exercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms. Some iron is lost in sweat, and, forunknown reasons, intense endurance exercise is sometimes associated with bleeding of the digestivesystem. Athletes in high-impact sports such as running may also lose iron through a phenomenonwhere small blood vessels in the feet leak blood.
There are three stages of iron deficiency. The first and most common is having low iron reserves, acondition that typically has no symptoms. Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear in thesecond stage of deficiency, when not enough iron is present to form the molecules of blood protein thattransport oxygen to the working muscles. In the third and final stage, people often feel weak, tired, andout of breath — and exercise performance is severely compromised.
"People think that if they're not at the third stage, nothing is wrong, but that's not true," says John L.
Beard, who helped design the Purdue study. "You're not stage 3 until your iron reserves go to zero, andif you wait until that point, you're in trouble."However, most people with low iron reserves don't know they have a deficiency, because traditionalmethods of calculating the amount of iron in blood (by checking levels of the blood protein thattransports oxygen) are not sufficient, Beard states. Instead, it's important to check levels of a differentcompound, which indicates the amount of storage of iron in the blood. While active, child-bearing agewomen are most likely to have low iron stores, he notes, "Men are not safe, especially if they don't eatmeat and have a high level of physical activity." (An estimated 15 percent of male long distance runnershave low iron stores.) Beard and other experts say it's advisable for people in these groups to have ayearly blood test to check blood iron reserves.
If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifyingyour diet or by taking supplements. In general, it's better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet, because iron supplements can have serious shortcomings. Supplements mayproduce a feeling of wanting to throw up, and may be poisonous in some cases. The best sources of iron,and the only sources of the form of iron most readily absorbed by the body, are meat, chicken, and fish.
Good sources of other forms of iron include dates, beans, and some leafy green vegetables.
"Select breads and cereals with the words 'iron-added' on the label," writes sports diet expert NancyClark. "This added iron supplements the small amount that naturally occurs in grains. Eat these foodswith plentiful Vitamin C (for example, drink orange juice with cereal or put a tomato on a sandwich) toenhance the amount of iron absorbed." Clark also recommends cooking in iron pans, as food can deriveiron from the pan during the cooking process. "The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron potfor three hours showed a striking increase, the level going up nearly 30 times," she writes. And peoplewho are likely to have low iron should avoid drinking coffee or tea with meals, she says, sincesubstances in these drinks can interfere with iron being absorbed into the body.
"Active women need to be a lot more careful about their food choices," sums up Purdue's Lyle. "Ifyou pay attention to warning signs before iron reserves are gone, you can remedy the deficiency beforeit really becomes a problem."
課文翻譯
運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)專家經(jīng)過(guò)多年的觀察,發(fā)現(xiàn)耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)員,特別是女性,經(jīng)常會(huì)缺鐵。
普渡大學(xué)研究人員進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)新的研究表明:即使是適度的鍛煉,也可能會(huì)降低女性血液中的鐵含量。
“我們發(fā)現(xiàn),那些通常不運(yùn)動(dòng)的女性一旦開(kāi)始適度的鍛煉,就會(huì)出現(xiàn)鐵含量下降的跡象,”普渡大學(xué)羅斯安妮·M. 萊爾副教授說(shuō)。
她對(duì)62名婦女進(jìn)行了研究,并將研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《體育運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)與科學(xué)》雜志上。這些婦女原先不怎么運(yùn)動(dòng),后來(lái)開(kāi)始了為期6個(gè)月、每周3次的鍛煉。
萊爾指出:“那些增食肉類食品或服用鐵質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑的女性能夠恢復(fù)到健康狀態(tài)。
但突然參加鍛煉卻仍沿用舊食譜的人則顯示出鐵含量降低。”
缺鐵在女性中是很常見(jiàn)的,每四個(gè)十幾歲的少女中有一人缺鐵,每五個(gè)18至45歲的女性中有一人缺鐵。
而在積極鍛煉的婦女中這一比例更高,女耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)員中,缺鐵者比例則高達(dá)80%。
萊爾說(shuō),這意味著 “太多女性忽視了自己攝入的鐵含量”。
育齡女性危險(xiǎn)最大,因?yàn)樵陆?jīng)是**失的重要原因之一。
此外,許多保健意識(shí)太強(qiáng)的女性也很危險(xiǎn),因?yàn)樗齻兙芙^食用牛肉或羊肉,而這些肉中含有的鐵最易被吸收。
而且,由于女性常常為了**體重而節(jié)食,從而未能攝取足夠的含鐵豐富的食物,結(jié)果可能導(dǎo)致缺鐵。
另一名專家指出,“普通女性每天攝入的鐵只是應(yīng)攝入量的三分之二!
他指出,“對(duì)于那些已經(jīng)缺鐵的女性,任何因鍛煉而產(chǎn)生的更多鐵質(zhì)流失都足以導(dǎo)致體內(nèi)缺鐵狀況的惡化。”
運(yùn)動(dòng)可能通過(guò)多種機(jī)制導(dǎo)致**失。
有些鐵隨汗液流失。另外,由于某些未知的原因,高強(qiáng)度的耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)有時(shí)會(huì)引起消化系統(tǒng)內(nèi)出血。
運(yùn)動(dòng)員從事跑步之類高強(qiáng)度劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng),也可能會(huì)因?yàn)樽悴垦苁а默F(xiàn)象而使鐵質(zhì)流失。
缺鐵分為三個(gè)階段:
第一也即最常見(jiàn)的階段,是鐵質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量不足。這一階段一般沒(méi)有癥狀。
到了缺鐵的第二階段,就會(huì)出現(xiàn)疲倦和力不從心,此時(shí)體內(nèi)已沒(méi)有足夠的鐵來(lái)形成血蛋白分子,將氧輸至運(yùn)動(dòng)肌肉。
在第三即最后階段,人常常感到虛弱、疲乏無(wú)力、喘不過(guò)氣,運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)大打折扣。
“人們認(rèn)為,只要不到第三階段就不會(huì)有什么問(wèn)題。這種想法是不對(duì)的! 幫助設(shè)計(jì)普渡大學(xué)研究的約翰·L. 比爾德說(shuō)。
“只有當(dāng)你的鐵儲(chǔ)量為零時(shí),你才會(huì)進(jìn)入第三階段。而你若坐等到這個(gè)時(shí)候,你的麻煩就大了。”
然而,比爾德指出,大多數(shù)鐵質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量低的人并未意識(shí)到自己缺鐵,因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)的檢測(cè)血液中鐵含量的方法──檢驗(yàn)血液中輸送氧氣的血蛋白的含量──是不夠的。
其實(shí),有必要檢查血液中另一種混合成分的含量,它可以顯示血液中的鐵含量。
他還指出,雖然積極鍛煉的育齡婦女最有可能鐵含量低,“但男性也并非不缺鐵,尤其是在他們不吃肉類而又從事高強(qiáng)度的體力活動(dòng)的情況下!
(估計(jì)有15%的男性長(zhǎng)跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員鐵含量低。)比爾德和其他專家都說(shuō),對(duì)這些人而言,最好每年驗(yàn)一次血,以測(cè)定血液中的鐵含量。
如果鐵含量低,就要去看醫(yī)生,以確定是否該通過(guò)調(diào)整飲食或服用鐵質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑來(lái)校正不足。
一般說(shuō)來(lái),解決問(wèn)題的最好方法是在食譜中增加含鐵豐富的食物,因?yàn)殍F質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑可能存在嚴(yán)重缺陷。“服用鐵質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑可能使人想嘔吐,有時(shí)甚至還會(huì)引起中毒。
最好的鐵來(lái)源,以及唯一最易為身體所吸收的鐵來(lái)源,是肉、雞和魚。
其他較好的鐵質(zhì)來(lái)源包括棗、豆類和一些多葉綠色蔬菜!
“選擇那些標(biāo)有‘加鐵’字樣的面包和麥片,” 運(yùn)動(dòng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)專家南!た死藢懙,
“這些增加的鐵質(zhì)補(bǔ)充了谷物中自然含鐵量的不足。將這些食物與含有大量維生素C的食物一起食用──比如吃麥片時(shí)喝橘子汁,或在三明治內(nèi)夾上番茄──可以促進(jìn)鐵質(zhì)吸收。”
克拉克還建議用鐵鍋烹食,因?yàn)榕胝{(diào)過(guò)程中食物能從鐵鍋中吸收鐵質(zhì)。
她寫道,“在鐵鍋內(nèi)烹煮了3個(gè)小時(shí)的番茄汁,其鐵含量**提高,增加到原來(lái)的30倍左右。” 她說(shuō),鐵含量可能低的人,吃飯時(shí)應(yīng)避免喝咖啡或飲茶,因?yàn)檫@些飲料中所含的物質(zhì)會(huì)妨礙身體對(duì)鐵質(zhì)的吸收。
“運(yùn)動(dòng)女性應(yīng)特別注意選擇飲食!逼斩纱髮W(xué)的萊爾總結(jié)說(shuō):
“如果你在鐵含量流失之前就注意到了警告信號(hào),你就可以在它真正成為問(wèn)題之前彌補(bǔ)鐵質(zhì)的不足!
正如運(yùn)動(dòng)能強(qiáng)心、健肺、固骨、強(qiáng)肌一樣,運(yùn)動(dòng)也能健腦。
對(duì)動(dòng)物的一系列科學(xué)研究表明,體育活動(dòng)對(duì)智力的發(fā)揮有積極作用。
伊利諾伊大學(xué)厄巴納──尚佩恩分校的大腦科學(xué)家威廉·格里諾說(shuō),“很明顯,運(yùn)動(dòng)使大腦受益。”
他對(duì)老鼠的研究已經(jīng)表明運(yùn)動(dòng)具有兩大功效:高強(qiáng)度體育運(yùn)動(dòng)給大腦提供更多的燃料,而技巧性運(yùn)動(dòng)則增強(qiáng)大腦神經(jīng)的聯(lián)結(jié)。依照某些科學(xué)家的見(jiàn)解,這種聯(lián)結(jié)能使大腦更好地處理信息。
在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠被分成三組:
第一組在自動(dòng)輪中跑動(dòng),第二組通過(guò)一種復(fù)雜的越障訓(xùn)練來(lái)提高技能,第三組則不做任何運(yùn)動(dòng)。
“與跑動(dòng)的和不運(yùn)動(dòng)的老鼠相比,經(jīng)過(guò)越障訓(xùn)練的老鼠的腦神經(jīng)聯(lián)結(jié)數(shù)更多。”格里諾說(shuō),
“相比之下,在自動(dòng)輪中跑動(dòng)的老鼠,較之其他兩組的老鼠,其大腦的血管密度更大!
他說(shuō),學(xué)習(xí)一種新的舞步和學(xué)習(xí)一種語(yǔ)言一樣,都能促進(jìn)大腦發(fā)展。
如果這種舞蹈還是一種良好的體育運(yùn)動(dòng),則益處加倍。格里諾的另一組實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示,年輕的大腦尤其能夠通過(guò)運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)增強(qiáng)能力。這組實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,從小就鍛煉的老鼠,其大腦的變化最為顯著。
他說(shuō)盡管動(dòng)物不是人,但依此推斷鍛煉對(duì)老鼠帶來(lái)的作用同樣適用于人類也合乎邏輯。
對(duì)人類的研究主要集中在老年人身上。其結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)常鍛煉能提高大腦處理信息的速度。
伊利諾伊大學(xué)阿瑟·克雷默測(cè)量的結(jié)果表明,63至82歲不運(yùn)動(dòng)的人,在完成為期10周的水上運(yùn)動(dòng)課程之后,聽(tīng)音擊鍵的反應(yīng)加快了。
對(duì)照組沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)鍛煉,其反應(yīng)速度沒(méi)有提高。
接受運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練之后,人的反應(yīng)速度可能會(huì)加快,這是因?yàn)榕c衰老有關(guān)的機(jī)能衰退實(shí)際上源于體質(zhì)下降。
一些科學(xué)家推測(cè),除了藥物作用和飲食不當(dāng)?shù)认嚓P(guān)因素外,常常歸咎于衰老的大腦功能下降實(shí)際上可能是不注意保持體育運(yùn)動(dòng)帶來(lái)的一種后果。
亞利桑那州立大學(xué)的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)教授丹**·M. 蘭德斯最近發(fā)表了一篇文章,對(duì)有關(guān)運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)大腦影響的科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了綜述。他說(shuō):“對(duì)老年人來(lái)說(shuō),鍛煉計(jì)劃對(duì)維持大腦功能顯得非常重要!
許多研究表明,經(jīng)常進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的孩子,在學(xué)業(yè)上比不活動(dòng)的同學(xué)優(yōu)秀。
但直到最近,人們還是認(rèn)為因參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)而獲得的學(xué)業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)來(lái)自于增強(qiáng)的自信、更好的心態(tài),以及運(yùn)動(dòng)后所帶來(lái)的集中***的能力。
而現(xiàn)在,一些科學(xué)家修正了他們的看法,表示這可能與身體狀況有關(guān)。
另一名專家皮爾斯·J. 霍華德說(shuō),新的研究表明,體育鍛煉提高了大腦中某些激發(fā)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)的含量。
因此,那些進(jìn)行鍛煉的人的大腦可能更有能力應(yīng)付各種智力挑戰(zhàn)。
不活動(dòng)對(duì)大腦和身體都可能有負(fù)面影響。
“科學(xué)家們認(rèn)識(shí)到,心即是身,身即是心,”霍華德評(píng)價(jià)道。他說(shuō),最有益的運(yùn)動(dòng)能身心兼顧。
全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版4第四冊(cè)課后習(xí)題答案和翻譯免3篇(擴(kuò)展4)
——大學(xué)體驗(yàn)英語(yǔ)綜合教程2第二版課后答案unit23篇
大學(xué)體驗(yàn)英語(yǔ)綜合教程2第二版課后答案unit21
3. CAAAC
4.1.version 2.publications 3.click 4.spotted 5.refugees 6.entries 7.financial 8.full-time 9.detailed 10.annual
5. 1.set5 up 2.came across 3.referred…to 4.check out 5.learnet of/learned of
6. 1.career 2.interview 3.procedure 4.exhibit 5.profile
7. 1 The policeman are busy filling out forms about the accident.
2.I want to fill up the fuel tank before returning the car.
3.If you want to make a compliment, you’d better follow the correct procedure.
4.We couldn’t have finished the experiment so soon without John’s help.
5.After the storm, the people on the shore anxiously scanned the lake for any sign of the boat.
8. 1 He had just been promoted to vice president of the company and wasn’t expecting another promotion in six months.
2 Shortly after he graduated from school, he jumped to a satisfactory job.
3 Most colleges and universities have their homepages, enabling applicants to scan for the information available about university they want to ap* to.
4 With a click of her mouse, she submitted her assignment to the tutor and soon got the re*.
5 By accessing the website of the university she was going to study in, she saw color photos of the university, including a detailed map of the university campus.
大學(xué)體驗(yàn)英語(yǔ)綜合教程2第二版課后答案unit22
12. BDDCA
13. 1 stressed 2 distinguished 3 invest 4 matured 5 covered 6 soured 7 concept 8 balance 9 discount 10 discipline
14. 1 paid off 2 make ends meet 3 To this day 4 picked up 5 thanks to
15.1. I’m not supposed to let anyone in without an ID card, but I’ll make an exception in your case.
2. He has learned his lessons from the failure and won’t repeat the mistakes.
3. I have great faith in your ability --- I’m sure you’ll succeed.
4. Even though it was raining, we still went on with our match.
5. I woke up to find myself lying on a hospital bed.
16.1. At the University of Denver.
2. In Colorado.
3. Over the Rocky Mountains.
4.Frome her window.
5 Next month when she gets home.
6 Share all the happiness and sadness they are feeling.
7 She feels a little homesick.
8 In the afternoon on Tuesday, December 1st.
全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版4第四冊(cè)課后習(xí)題答案和翻譯免3篇(擴(kuò)展5)
——大學(xué)體驗(yàn)英語(yǔ)綜合教程2 第二版課后答案unit7
大學(xué)體驗(yàn)英語(yǔ)綜合教程2 第二版課后答案unit71
Exercise 3: 1-5:AACDB
Exercise 4: 1. optimist 2. reconstruction 3. sway 4. principles 5. gross
6. fulfilled 7. election 8. surgery 9. pillar 10. rigid
Exercise 5: 1. brought out her best 2. turn out 3. works out
4. Hang in there 5. by nature
Exercise 6: hateful 2. criticizes 3. Congress 4. cancer 5. tremendously
Exercise 7:
1. He did not regret what he had said but felt that he could have expressed it differently.
2. We’d better wait till 14 December. David will have his exam by then, so he’ll be able to go on holiday with us.
3. He’s working on a new project which has to be finished by the end of the year.
4. They are letting us use their lab, and in return, we are sharing with them the results of our research.
5. Such things as making and answering telephone calls take up most of the secretary’s time.
Exercise 8:
1. Despite his illness, he is a pillar of strength for our company and especially for the sales department.
2. She never feared difficulties, because she knew that no matter what, her parents’ concern and love would be there.
3. Tom decided to drop out of school, and Mr. Wilson tried to sway him from his decision, as any responsible teacher would.
4. As it turned out, the Chinese Women’s Volleyball Team went on to win one gold medal after another, an exciting event for the whole country.
5. Hang in there and your goal will certainly be achieved.
Exercise 12: 1-5: FTTTT
Exercise 13:
1. anyway 2. spat 3. adjusting 4. frequently 5. chilly 6. regularly 7. grip
8. pinching 9. scraped 10. crawl
Exercise 14: 1. on the phone 2. as a result of 3. back and forth
4. around the corner 5. hold onto
Exercise 15:
1. They sold their house and went off to live in Canada with their daughter.
2. ---What will you be doing this time next week?
--- I’ll be working as usual.
3. He was intelligent and hard-working and before long he took over the editing of the magazine.
4. Don’t you hate it when someone hangs up on you before you finish speaking?
5. To their horror, the roof of their caught fire.
Exercise 17
1. As 2. When 3. After 4. until 5. when
Exercise 18:
1. If 2. because 3. Unless 4. although 5. Since
Exercise 19:
1. you have greatly improved your writing skill
2. Mary is thinking of getting a porce
3. We won’t drive this way
4. keep it a secret
5. Jane was listening to the radio
全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第二版4第四冊(cè)課后習(xí)題答案和翻譯免3篇(擴(kuò)展6)
——新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(第二版第四冊(cè))課后答案免費(fèi)下載
新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(第二版第四冊(cè))課后答案免費(fèi)下載1
新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(第二版)
作者:浙江大學(xué) 編著
出版社:外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社
出版日期:2008-01-01
第二版的《新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》由三部分組成:
1)《新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》學(xué)生用書(配有磁帶和光盤),教師用書;
2)《新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》視聽(tīng)說(shuō)教程學(xué)生用書(配有磁帶和光盤),教師用書(配有教師用磁帶);
3)《新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》網(wǎng)絡(luò)課件
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