where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾的抽象名詞有哪些

　　現(xiàn)如今，英語(yǔ)知識(shí)也是非常重要的一門功課，下面是小編收集整理的where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾的抽象名詞有哪些，希望大家喜歡。

　　一、where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞point

　　You reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你已到了藥物無(wú)法治療的地步。 The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危機(jī)已達(dá)到非把破產(chǎn)管理人叫來(lái)不可的地步。

　　We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我們到了必須改一改的地步。

　　注：有時(shí)point也可以是具體的地點(diǎn)：

　　Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 設(shè)AB線與CD線的相交點(diǎn)為E。 The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故發(fā)生在A15與M1交叉的十字路口。

　　二、where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞case

　　There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情況下，mighty一詞可用作副詞。

　　Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我們將討論一些英語(yǔ)初學(xué)者對(duì)英語(yǔ)使用不當(dāng)?shù)膯?wèn)題。

　　三、where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞activity

　　Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聰?shù)某晒ξ璧秆輪T們認(rèn)為，舞蹈是一種讓人看勝過(guò)讓人聽的活動(dòng)。

　　四、where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞situation

　　He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一種難以分辨是非的局面。

　　If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的東西去冒險(xiǎn)，那你就是將它置于一種可能會(huì)失去它的危險(xiǎn)境地。

　　五、where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞position

　　It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job. 這使我陷入一種不能接受此工作的境地。

　　六、where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞job

　　She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use. 她想找一份能將她的管理技能派上用場(chǎng)的工作。

　　I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐在辦公桌前的工作。

　　01. We’re just trying to reach a point _______ both sides will sit down together and talk.

　　A. where B. that C. when D. which

　　02. She had got to the point ______ she felt that she could not take any more.

　　A. what B. when C. where D. which

　　03. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ______ he can walk correctly and safely.

　　A. when B. where C. which D. that

　　04. It was so confusing that eventually it got to the point ______ no one knew what was going on.

　　A. when B. that C. which D. where

　　05. I don’t want a job ______ I’m chained to a desk for eight hours a day.

　　A. which B. where C. what D. when

　　06. Drink-driving is one case ______ severe punishment seems to work as a deterrent.

　　A. that B. which C. when D. where

　　07.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to

　　readers_______consumer complains have resulted in changes in the law.(2008江西)

　　A. where B. when C. who D. { A 此題是由where引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為cases，此句意思是“在這一章節(jié)，消費(fèi)者的抱怨產(chǎn)生的法律上的變化的這一案例及情況將被介紹給讀者”。}

　　01—06 ACBDBD

　　1. —Where did you get to know her?

　　—It was on the farm ___D___ we worked. (山東卷)

　　A. that B. there C. which D. where

　　2. Some pre-school children go to a day-care center, ___D___ they learn simple games and songs. (全國(guó)I)

　　A. then B. there C. while D. where

　　3. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ___D___ sight matters more than hearing. (天津卷)

　　A. when B. whose C. which D. where

　　4. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases ___D___ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. (陜西卷)

　　A. which B. as C. why D. where

　　5. After graduation she reached a point in her career ___D___ she had to decide what to do. (江西卷)

　　A. that B. what C. which D. where

　　以上5道題的答案分別是DDDDD，其中前面兩道比較容易，因?yàn)樗鼈兎�合“where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句用于修飾表示地點(diǎn)的名詞”這一基本用法。但是，后面3道題則有所不同，因?yàn)樗鼈冃揎椀拿�詞不是具體的地點(diǎn)名詞，而是一個(gè)抽象名詞，即分別是activity, case, point，

　　state，stage, situation ， 等 意指“情況、情形、形勢(shì)”時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞常用 where 或介詞+ which 。如： We're just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. ( 06 山東

　　26. ) A. where B. that C. when D. which由于一般的語(yǔ)法書對(duì)這一問(wèn)題很少涉及，所以許多考生對(duì)這類考題比較生疏。為幫助同學(xué)們熟悉這一語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，正確掌握這一知識(shí)點(diǎn)，本文擬對(duì)where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞的用法作一歸納。

　　用Where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞不一定都表示地點(diǎn)

　　按照通常的理解,當(dāng)where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),它的先行詞就是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,但事實(shí)并不是我們想象的那么簡(jiǎn)單。很多情況下,where所指代的先行詞并不表示地點(diǎn)。請(qǐng)看以下幾個(gè)例句:

　　1. Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other.

　　請(qǐng)記住,最深的感情關(guān)系表現(xiàn)為彼此間的愛超過(guò)彼此間的需要。

　　點(diǎn)評(píng):這里where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞one,也就是relationship (此處one指代的是relationship)。Relationship不是地點(diǎn)名詞,但此處卻用了where來(lái)引導(dǎo),where在這里表示“在這樣的感情關(guān)系下”。從定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看,定語(yǔ)從句不缺主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)詞where在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖菭钫Z(yǔ)。

　　2. Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low.

　　欺詐行為在這種情況下最有可能發(fā)生:利益重大,而且欺詐行為被發(fā)現(xiàn)的可能性小。 點(diǎn)評(píng):句中的先行詞是situations,表示“情形,情況”,引導(dǎo)詞依然用的是where,表示“在這種情況之下”。這里的定語(yǔ)從句也是不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的,where在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖菭钫Z(yǔ)。

　　3. Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food”. 除非人類能夠意識(shí)到要把人口減少到這樣的程度——使地球能為所有人提供足夠的食物,否則人們將不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。

　　點(diǎn)評(píng):這里的先行詞是point,表示“某種程度,某種狀況”,引導(dǎo)詞where指代point,表示“在這種程度之下”。這里定語(yǔ)從句也是不缺主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的,where在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)娜匀皇菭钫Z(yǔ)。 從上面四個(gè)例句中,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)以下兩點(diǎn):第一,即使先行詞不是表示地點(diǎn)的詞,定語(yǔ)從句也能夠使用關(guān)系副詞where來(lái)引導(dǎo);第二,上面三個(gè)例句中,where分別指代relationship、situation和point,分別表示“在……關(guān)系中”“在……情況下”“達(dá)到……程度”,這些詞雖然不是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,但在從句中表達(dá)的是“某個(gè)點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)”的含義。我們可以把這類名詞解釋成“含有抽象地點(diǎn)意義的名詞”,此類詞也能用關(guān)系副詞where來(lái)進(jìn)行引導(dǎo)。

　　先行詞不表示地點(diǎn)時(shí),如何判斷是否使用Where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

　　當(dāng)先行詞不是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí),該如何判斷是否使用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句呢?由上文給出的`例句可知,含有抽象地點(diǎn)意義的名詞能用關(guān)系副詞where來(lái)引導(dǎo),并且在每個(gè)例句的點(diǎn)評(píng)中筆者都反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)“定語(yǔ)從句不缺主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),where在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖菭钫Z(yǔ)”。由此,我們可以大膽地進(jìn)行引申和歸納,提出“當(dāng)先行詞不表示地點(diǎn)時(shí),使用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句”的判斷方法。首先,判斷定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu):定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),而是缺少狀語(yǔ)。其次,觀察先行詞:先行詞是除了時(shí)間名詞(在這種情況下會(huì)用when)和原因名詞(在這種情況下會(huì)用why)以外的其他任何名詞。第二個(gè)條件之所以成立,是因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中的狀語(yǔ)成分一般就是由when、where和why等三個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)的。為了更深刻地理解這種判斷方法,請(qǐng)看以下幾個(gè)例句:

　　4. English is a “fixed-word-order” language where each phrase has a fixed position. 英語(yǔ)是一種“詞序固定”的語(yǔ)言,這種語(yǔ)言的特點(diǎn)就是每個(gè)短語(yǔ)都有固定的位置。

　　點(diǎn)評(píng):首先,我們來(lái)判斷定語(yǔ)從句“each phrase has a fixed position”的結(jié)構(gòu):該從句并不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),但是缺少狀語(yǔ)。其次,我們來(lái)看先行詞:先行詞是fixed-word-order language, 它既不表示時(shí)間,也不表示原因。由此可知,此處用where來(lái)指代先行詞,表示“在詞序固定這樣的語(yǔ)言中”。

　　5. At the Academy, Plato taught the students through the use of debates, where two or more people took different ideas of an argument.

　　在學(xué)院里,柏拉圖采用的教學(xué)方法是組織辯論,在辯論中,兩個(gè)或多個(gè)學(xué)生各持一方觀點(diǎn)。

　　點(diǎn)評(píng):首先,我們來(lái)判斷定語(yǔ)從句“two or more people took different ideas of an argument”的句子結(jié)構(gòu):該從句不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),但是缺少狀語(yǔ)。其次,我們來(lái)看先行詞:先行詞是debates,它既不是時(shí)間名詞,也不是原因名詞。由此可知,此處應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,表示“在辯論中”。

　　6. However, being enthusiastic isnt for everyone and no one likes’ false enthusiasm, where a person pretends to be excited even about the most trivial points.

　　然而,熱情并非適合每一個(gè)人,而且也沒有人喜歡那種連區(qū)區(qū)小事都假裝興奮不已的虛假熱情。

　　點(diǎn)評(píng):首先,我們判斷定語(yǔ)從句“a person pretends to be excited even about the most trivial points”的句子結(jié)構(gòu):該從句不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),但是缺少狀語(yǔ)。其次,我們來(lái)看先行詞:先行詞是false enthusiasm,它既不是時(shí)間名詞,也不是原因名詞。因而,此處用where來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,表示“在虛假的熱情這種狀態(tài)下”。

　　通過(guò)對(duì)上面三個(gè)例句的點(diǎn)評(píng),相信讀者已經(jīng)能夠掌握在先行詞不表示地點(diǎn)的情況下,如何判斷是否使用where來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句了。此外,我們需要仔細(xì)體會(huì)例句中where指代先行詞時(shí)所表達(dá)的含義,分別是“在……樣的語(yǔ)言中”“在……中”“在……樣的狀態(tài)下”,這些含義與第一節(jié)所舉的例子類似,都帶有抽象的地點(diǎn)意義。

　　因而,我們?cè)谌蘸蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和考試中應(yīng)當(dāng)謹(jǐn)記:用where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞不一定是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,因?yàn)橄刃性~也可能是含有抽象地點(diǎn)意義的名詞。由此,我們需要對(duì)上一期中所討論的“先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞”與“用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句”的關(guān)系進(jìn)行修正,修正后的圖示如下:

　　3. I can think of many cases________ cultural differences really exist.

　　4. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ______ he is likely to lose control over the place.

　　5. Her illness has developed to the point _______ nobody can cure her.

　　在一些類似地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞后面，也可用關(guān)系副詞where來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

　　注意：如果stage, case, situation, position, point ，occasion 等這樣的抽象名詞作先行詞時(shí)，根據(jù)他們?cè)诰唧w的語(yǔ)境中指的是時(shí)間還是地點(diǎn)來(lái)確定是用where, when

　　1.reporters often draw peoples attentions to situation ______ ____ __ help is needed.

　　2. We have reached a stage ______ _____ we have almost no rights at all.

　　3. We were put in a position _______ ___ we had to accept we were less important, or fight the government.

　　4. There are occasions____________ one must give in.

　　三、先行詞(抽象名詞)+關(guān)系副詞(where)+定語(yǔ)從句

　　1. i can think of many cases ___ students obviously knew a lot of english words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. (2003上海卷) a. why b. which c. as d. where 解析：先行詞為case，屬抽象名詞，且從句中不缺少成分，故排除選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)系代詞which和as，同時(shí)主句和從句不是因果關(guān)系，可排除選項(xiàng)a，正確答案應(yīng)為d. where。

　　2. it’s helpful to put children in a situation ___ they can see themselves differently. (2009福建卷) a. that b. when

　　c. which d. where 解析：本句先行詞為situation，譯作“環(huán)境，境遇”，用于表示地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞，且從句中不缺少成分，故應(yīng)選d. where。

　　3. we’re just trying to reach a point ___ both sides will sit down together and talk. (2006山東卷) a. where b. that c. when d. which 解析：先行詞為point，可譯作“目標(biāo)，目的”，屬表地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞，從句中不缺少成分，故應(yīng)選a. where。

　　4. those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ___ sight matters more than hearing. (2007天津卷) a. when b. whose c. which d. where 解析：先行詞為activity，屬表示地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞，而從句中的謂詞動(dòng)詞matter為不及物動(dòng)詞，不需要賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)選d. where。

　　5. many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ___ people were eaten by the tiger. (2005廣東卷) a. in which b. by which c. which d. that 解析：先行詞為scene，屬于表地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞，從句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且不缺少成分,故選a. in which。

　　6. i’ll give you my friend’s home address, ___ i can be reached most evenings. (2008北京卷) a. which b. when c. whom d. where 解析：先行詞為address，屬表地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞，且從句中不缺少成分,故應(yīng)選d. where。

　　7. all the neighbors admire this family, ___ the parents are treating their child like a friend. (2008安徽卷) a. why b. where c. which d. that 解析：先行詞為family，屬表地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞，且從句中不缺少成分，故選b. where。

　　8. i work in a business ___ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. (2004湖南卷) a. how b. which c. where d. that 解析：先行詞為business，屬表地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞，且從句中不缺少成分，故選c. where。

　　9. — what do you think of teaching, bob ? — i find it fun and challenging. it is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting. (2009北京卷) a. where b. which c. when d. that 解析：先行詞為job，屬表地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞，且從句中不缺少成分，故選a. where。

　　10. ... you are considering a relaxing holiday where the scenery is breathtaking. ... (2005廣東卷，閱讀理解e篇)

　　解析：先行詞為holiday，屬表地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞，且后面從句不缺少成分，故用where引導(dǎo)。

　　11. ... your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome. ... (2005湖北卷，閱讀理解a篇) 解析：先行詞為territory，屬表地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞，且從句不缺少成分，故用關(guān)系副詞where。

　　12. ... you, the customer, must pay: a reasonable charge for a service, where no price has been fixed in advance. ... (2005湖北卷，閱讀理解c篇) 解析：先行詞為service，屬表地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞，且從句中不缺少成分，先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞where。

　　13. ... the animal is, in fact, playing a very dangerous game with its environment, a game in which it must make decisions — a matter of life or death. ... (2005湖北卷，閱讀理解e篇) 解析：a game是前面a very dangerous game的同位語(yǔ)，做先行詞，是表地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞，從句中沒有缺少成分，故用in which(where)引導(dǎo)從句。 小結(jié) 近些年高考試題考查where / in which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，大多數(shù)采用先行詞為抽象名詞或用表示地點(diǎn)名詞的特殊形式，以此增加考題的難度。例11，12，13是2005年高考英語(yǔ)湖北卷閱讀理解中的題目，三篇短文就有三個(gè)這樣難度較高的定語(yǔ)從句，可見掌握好定語(yǔ)從句是何等重要。對(duì)于上述例題中case, situation, point, activity, scene, address, family, business, job, holiday, territory, service,game等詞做先行詞，考查得比較頻繁。另外，還要注意下面一些詞匯：position, condition, environment, atmosphere, surroundings等，如果先行詞為以上這些詞，從句中又不缺少成分，也常常用where / in which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

　　拓展

　　where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞的情況有：

　　一、where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞point

　　youreachapointwheremedicinecan’thelp.你已到了*物無(wú)法治療的地步。

　　thecrisishasreachedapointwherethereceiverwillhavetobecalledin.危機(jī)已達(dá)到非把破產(chǎn)管理人叫來(lái)不可的地步。

　　wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.我們到了必須改一改的地步。

　　注:有時(shí)point也可以是具體的地點(diǎn):

　　letthepointwhereabcutscdbecallede.設(shè)ab線與cd線的相交點(diǎn)為e。

　　theaccidenthappenedatthepointwherethea15joinsthem1.事故發(fā)生在a15與m1交叉的十字路口。

　　二、where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞case

　　therearecaseswheretheword“mighty”isusedasanadverb.在一些情況下，mighty一詞可用作副詞。

　　today,we’lldiscussanumberofcaseswherebeginnersofenglishfailtousethelanguage

　　properly.今天，我們將討論一些英語(yǔ)初學(xué)者對(duì)英語(yǔ)使用不當(dāng)?shù)膯?wèn)題。

　　三、where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞activity

　　thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivitywheresightmattersmorethan

　　hearing.那些失聰?shù)某晒ξ璧秆輪T們認(rèn)為，舞蹈是一種讓人看勝過(guò)讓人聽的活動(dòng)。

　　四、where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞situation

　　hegotintoasituationwhereitishardtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.他陷入一種難以分辨是非的局面。

　　ifyourisksomethingimportant,youcauseittobeinadangeroussituationwhereyoumightlose

　　it.你如果拿重要的東西去冒險(xiǎn)，那你就是將它置于一種可能會(huì)失去它的危險(xiǎn)境地。

　　五、where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞position

　　it’sputmeinapositionwhereican’taffordtotakethejob.這使我陷入一種不能接受此工作的境地。

　　六、where定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象名詞job

　　shewantsajobwherehermanagementskillscanbeputtogooduse.她想找一份能將她的管理技能派上用場(chǎng)的工作。

　　idon’twantajobwherei’mchainedtoadeskallday.我不想找一份整天坐在辦公桌前的工作。

　　01.we’rejusttryingtoreachapoint_______bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.

　　a.whereb.thatc.whend.which

　　02.shehadgottothepoint______shefeltthatshecouldnottakeanymore.

　　a.whatb.whenc.whered.which

　　03.thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepoint______hecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.

　　a.whenb.wherec.whichd.that

　　04.itwassoconfusingthateventuallyitgottothepoint______nooneknewwhatwasgoingon.

　　a.whenb.thatc.whichd.where

　　05.idon’twantajob______i’mchainedtoadeskforeighthoursaday.

　　a.whichb.wherec.whatd.when

　　06.drink-drivingisonecase______severepunishmentseemstoworkasadeterrent.

　　a.thatb.whichc.whend.where

　　07.laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders_______consumerplainshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.(2008*西)

　　a.whereb.whenc.whod.{a此題是由where引導(dǎo)的限制*定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為cases，此句意思是“在這一章節(jié)，消費(fèi)者的抱怨產(chǎn)生的法律上的變化的這一案例及情況將被介紹給讀者”。}