英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝句知識(shí)點(diǎn):關(guān)于否定詞置于句首的倒裝
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝句知識(shí)點(diǎn):關(guān)于否定詞置于句首的倒裝
在現(xiàn)實(shí)學(xué)習(xí)生活中,相信大家一定都接觸過(guò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)吧!知識(shí)點(diǎn)就是“讓別人看完能理解”或者“通過(guò)練習(xí)我能掌握”的內(nèi)容。哪些才是我們真正需要的知識(shí)點(diǎn)呢?下面是小編整理的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝句知識(shí)點(diǎn):關(guān)于否定詞置于句首的倒裝,歡迎大家分享。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝句知識(shí)點(diǎn):否定詞置于句首的倒裝
請(qǐng)先看一道題:
a. I __________ seen such a good harvest!
b. __________ I seen such a good harvest.
A. have never, Never have B. never have, Have never
C. have never, Have never D. never have, Never have
此題應(yīng)選A。這里考查的是否定詞置于句首,句子用部分倒裝的問(wèn)題。
一般說(shuō)來(lái),以下否定詞位于句首,句子要用倒裝(部分倒裝—-用一般問(wèn)句的形式):seldom, never, little, few, hardly, not, not until, in vain, in no way, by no means, on no account, no longer 等。如:
Never does he come late.
他從不遲到。
Little did he know that the police were after him.
他一點(diǎn)也不知道警察在找他。
By no means shall I go there again.
我決不會(huì)再去那兒了。
Hardly had he arrived at the station when the train began to leave.
他一到車(chē)站,火車(chē)就開(kāi)動(dòng)了。
Few students did they see in the classroom.
他們?cè)诮淌覜](méi)看到幾個(gè)學(xué)生。
Not a word did I ever say to him.
我從未對(duì)他說(shuō)過(guò)一句話。
Not until all the fish in the river died did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
直到河里的魚(yú)全死了,村民們才意識(shí)到污染是多么嚴(yán)重。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法感嘆句知識(shí)點(diǎn):副詞置于句首的感嘆句
以here, there等副詞開(kāi)頭的倒裝句可以構(gòu)成感嘆句。如:
There goes the bell! 打鈴了。
Here comes the bus! 公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了!
Here’s Tom. 湯姆在這里。
There’s Jim. 吉姆在那兒。
There goes the bell. 鈴響了。
There goes the last train. 最后一班火車(chē)開(kāi)走了。
There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墻放著一張書(shū)桌。
Pop went the cork! 瓶塞砰的一聲跳了出來(lái)!
初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn):關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
1.who指人,在從句中做主語(yǔ)
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意:關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替,可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主語(yǔ))
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做賓語(yǔ))
4. that指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于who或者whom;指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which。
在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。
(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主語(yǔ))
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做賓語(yǔ))
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物時(shí),常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
返回:初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解——定語(yǔ)從句篇
初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:帶有否定詞的比較句型
樂(lè)加樂(lè)英語(yǔ):整理初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法《初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:帶有否定詞的比較句型》,供大家學(xué)習(xí)、交流。
1.no better than:表示“和……一樣;實(shí)際等于……”,如:
He is no better than a beggar. 他實(shí)際上等于一個(gè)乞丐。
The invalid is no better than he was yesterday. 病人的情況和昨天一樣。
He has no better a say in the matter than I have. 他和我一樣在這件事上沒(méi)有發(fā)言權(quán)。
2.not. . . any more than或no more. . . than:表示“同……一樣不”,如:
I could no more do that than you. I could not do that any more than you. 你不能做這件事,我也不能做。
He is not a poet any more than I am a scholar. 我不是一個(gè)學(xué)者,他也不是一個(gè)詩(shī)人。
This story is no more interesting than that one. 這個(gè)故事和那個(gè)故事一樣沒(méi)有趣味。
He is no more able to read German than I am. 他和我一樣都不懂德語(yǔ)。
3.not so much. . . as:表示“與其……不如……”
He is not so much a writer as a reporter. 他與其說(shuō)是個(gè)作家,不如說(shuō)是個(gè)記者。
Your explanation does not so much enlighten us as confuse us.
你的解釋沒(méi)有起到啟發(fā)作用,反而把我們弄糊涂了。
Oceans don't so much divide the world as unite it. 與其說(shuō)海洋分隔了世界,不如說(shuō)海洋聯(lián)結(jié)了世界。
I don't so much dislike him as hate him. 我與其說(shuō)不喜歡他,不如說(shuō)我恨他。
4.nothing like:表示“沒(méi)有什么能比得上……”
There is nothing like home. 金窩銀窩,不如自己的草窩。
There is nothing like walking as a means of keeping fit. 沒(méi)有比散步來(lái)保持健康更好的了。
There is nothing like leather for shoes. 做鞋用皮革再好沒(méi)有了。
5.nothing like(或near)as(或so)... as:表示“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不像……那樣”
This novel is nothing near so interesting as that one. 這篇小說(shuō)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不及那篇小說(shuō)有趣。
The book is nothing like as difficult as I expected. 這本書(shū)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有我想像的那么難懂。
His analysis of the poem is nothing like as penetrating as yours. 他對(duì)這首詩(shī)的分析遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有你的分析那樣透徹。
6.no less … than:表示“和……一樣”
He is no less active than he used to be. 他和從前一樣活躍。
His mind is no less alert than yours. 他的思路和你的一樣敏捷。
Our soldiers fought with no less daring than skill. 我們的士兵作戰(zhàn)的英勇不亞于他們的戰(zhàn)斗技能。
小升初必備語(yǔ)法:only在句首要倒裝的情況
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子為主從復(fù)合句,則主句倒裝,從句不倒裝
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
小升初必備語(yǔ)法:以否定詞開(kāi)頭作部分倒裝
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝句講解
倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
1.下列否定詞及含有否定意義的詞組修飾狀語(yǔ)時(shí),若置于句首,句子的主謂要部分倒裝:never, no, neither, not only, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respect, in no sense, by no means, in no way, no longer, no less, no more, no sooner than, under no circumstances, in vain, still less。如:
Not only is its direct attack on their discipline, it bypasses the essence of what sociologists focus on.
Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state.
2.以only修飾狀語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭的句子,句子的主謂要部分倒裝
Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.
3.以下列副詞或短語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭的句子,句子的主謂要部分倒裝
often, so, well, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point,many a time。如:
So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
4.以下列副詞開(kāi)頭的句子,句子的主謂要全部倒裝
(1)出于修辭需要,表示方向的副詞:out, down, in, up, away, on。如:
Down jumped the burglar from the tenth floor when he heard someone shouted at him.
(2)出于習(xí)慣用法:here, there, now, thus, hence, then。如:
Now is your turn.?There goes the bell.
5.讓步從句的倒裝
(1)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,必須采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),但不是主謂倒裝,而是將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容置于句首。如:
Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her, in thoroughness, whatever the job.
(2)出現(xiàn)在句型be+主語(yǔ)+其他, come what may中。如:
Our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge—be it scientific or artistic.
The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.?Come what may, I’ll be on your side.
6.比較從句的倒裝
as, than引導(dǎo)的比較從句中,如果主語(yǔ)是名詞短語(yǔ)且較長(zhǎng),經(jīng)常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)(不倒裝也可以)。注意:這種結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)一般為名詞,如果是代詞則不倒裝。如:
Hydrogen burns much more cleanly than do other fuels and is easy to produce.?Reading is to the mind as is exercise to the body.
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝構(gòu)成
主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子的核心,它們之間有兩種語(yǔ)序
一是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之前稱為自然語(yǔ)序(Natural Order);
二是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之后則稱為倒裝語(yǔ)序(Inverted Order)。
而倒裝語(yǔ)序中又有完全倒裝(Full Inversion)和部分倒裝(Partial Inversion)
1.完全倒裝(Full Inversion):又稱"全部倒裝",是指將句子中的謂語(yǔ)全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
①謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)+……
There be(的各種形式)+主語(yǔ)(+地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
例子:
There was a drop in the temperature.溫度下降了
There are birds singing in the tree.鳥(niǎo)兒在樹(shù)上唱歌。
、诟痹~小品詞+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+名詞主語(yǔ)+……
例子:
Out rushed a young lady.
一位年輕女士沖了出去。
③過(guò)去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞+be的各種形式+主語(yǔ)+……
例子:
Scattered on the floor were several books and magazines.幾本書(shū)和雜志散落在地板上
2.部分倒裝(Partial Inversion)(又稱半倒裝句):指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前,而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞無(wú)變化。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,則需添加助動(dòng)詞do,does或did,并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。
作用
英語(yǔ)句子的倒裝一是由于語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要而進(jìn)行的倒裝,二是由于修辭的需要而進(jìn)行的倒裝。
前一種情況,倒裝是必須的,否則就會(huì)出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤;后一種情況,倒裝是選擇性的,倒裝與否只會(huì)產(chǎn)生表達(dá)效果上的差異。
1.表示強(qiáng)調(diào)
倒裝句最突出、最常見(jiàn)的修辭效果就是強(qiáng)調(diào),其表現(xiàn)形式如下:
1.only +狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首,被該狀語(yǔ)修飾的句子用部分倒裝。
例子:
Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有用這種方法,你才可以解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.
只有當(dāng)他已經(jīng)說(shuō)出那個(gè)字后才意識(shí)到自己犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。
2. hardly,in no way,little,scarcely,seldom,never,no more,no longer,not,not only,no sooner,not only … (but also),not until… 等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首,句子用部分倒裝。
例子:
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
我剛到家就下起了雨。
Seldom do I go to work by bus.
我很少乘公共汽車(chē)上班。
Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night .
她昨晚十二點(diǎn)才上床睡覺(jué)。
3. so / such...that結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首可以構(gòu)成部分倒裝句,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)so /such和that之間的部分。
例子:
So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.
他的要價(jià)太離譜,令每個(gè)人都瞠目結(jié)舌。
To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.
她的彩排進(jìn)行得那么長(zhǎng),以致于那兩個(gè)演員都走出去了。
以上各例都用倒裝語(yǔ)序突出了句首成分,其語(yǔ)氣較自然語(yǔ)序強(qiáng)烈,因而具有極佳的修辭效果。
4.here、there、now、then、thus等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子可構(gòu)成完全倒裝。條件是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,如arise、be、come、exist、go、follow等。需要注意的`是,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí),不能構(gòu)成倒裝。(方位詞在句首,主語(yǔ)是名詞,全部倒裝)
例子:
Here comes our headmaster。我們的校長(zhǎng)來(lái)了。
Here it is. 在這里。
Here is your key.這是你的鑰匙。
2.承上啟下
1.為了避免句子部分內(nèi)容不必要的重復(fù),常用"so+be動(dòng)詞(助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語(yǔ)"倒裝句式或"neither/nor + be動(dòng)詞(助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語(yǔ)"的倒裝句式。
其中第一個(gè)句式表示"與前面所述的肯定情況相同",第二個(gè)句式表示"與前面所述的否定情況相同"。
例子:
A:His brother is(not) a college student; B:so is mine.(neither/nor is mine .)
A:他弟弟(不)是大學(xué)生,B:我弟弟也是。(我弟弟也不是。)
A:He used to have his further study abroad; B:so did I.(neither/nor did I.)
A:他曾去國(guó)外深造過(guò)。B:我也去過(guò)。(我也沒(méi)有。)
A:One of my friends can(not) speak three foreign languages; B:so can his wife.(neither/nor can his wife .)
A:我的一個(gè)朋友(不)會(huì)說(shuō)三門(mén)外國(guó)語(yǔ)。B:他的妻子也會(huì)。(他的妻子也不會(huì)。)
可以概括成:主語(yǔ)相同不倒裝,主語(yǔ)不同倒裝。
2.倒裝可把前一句說(shuō)到的人或物,或與前一句有聯(lián)系的人或物在下一句緊接著先說(shuō)出來(lái),從而使前后兩句在意思上的關(guān)系更加清楚,銜接更加緊密,起到承上啟下的作用。
例子:
They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor,dead. Around his head was a brown snake.
他們破門(mén)進(jìn)入她叔叔的臥室,發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在地板上死了。一條棕褐色的蛇纏在他頭上。
We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are,and paupers we shall remain.
我們確實(shí)不應(yīng)因?yàn)楸环Q作窮光蛋而憤憤不平。我們的確是窮光蛋,而且還會(huì)繼續(xù)是窮光蛋。
3.制造懸念渲染氣氛
在新聞或文學(xué)創(chuàng)作中,有時(shí)為了內(nèi)容的需要,或是為了強(qiáng)調(diào),作者常常運(yùn)用倒裝來(lái)制造懸念,渲染氣氛。
如朗費(fèi)羅(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一節(jié):
Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
Over the woodlands brown and bare,
Over the harvest-fields forsaken,
Silent,and soft,and slow,
Descends the snow.
它來(lái)自天上。
疊疊烏云抖衣裳,
落在光禿禿的棕色樹(shù)林,
和收割過(guò)的孤寂田野上。
靜悄悄,不慌張,
綿綿雪花降;
在這一節(jié)詩(shī)里,詩(shī)人就富有創(chuàng)意地運(yùn)用了倒裝。在前五行中,詩(shī)人堆砌了七個(gè)狀語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)連續(xù)出現(xiàn)而主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)卻遲遲未露,造成一種懸念效應(yīng)。全節(jié)讀罷,讀者才對(duì)詩(shī)歌的主題恍然大悟,因而收到了不同凡響的藝術(shù)效果。
4.平衡結(jié)構(gòu)
英語(yǔ)修辭的一個(gè)重要原則是尾重原則,即把句子最復(fù)雜的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在語(yǔ)言使用中為了避免產(chǎn)生頭重腳輕、結(jié)構(gòu)不平衡的句子,我們常采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。
1. 以作狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭:當(dāng)主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)或主語(yǔ)所帶修飾語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí),為了使句子平衡,常將狀語(yǔ)置于句首,句子用完全倒裝語(yǔ)序。
例子:
1.A. To the coal mine came a company of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
一個(gè)連隊(duì)的解放軍戰(zhàn)士來(lái)到了那座煤礦,奉司令部之命解救受困的礦工。
2.A. On the ground lay some air conditioners,which are to be shipped to some other cities.
B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground,which are to be shipped to some other cities.
地上放著一些空調(diào),等著用船運(yùn)到其他城市去。
例句(2)包含一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,B句未倒裝,則從句的先行詞與引導(dǎo)詞which中間被狀語(yǔ)分隔開(kāi),不易于理解,而A句倒裝使得先行詞air conditioner與引導(dǎo)詞which的關(guān)系一目了然。
從例句中可看出,采用倒裝語(yǔ)序的A句結(jié)構(gòu)平衡穩(wěn)妥,讀起來(lái)自然流暢,而采用自然語(yǔ)序的B句結(jié)構(gòu)零亂,讀起來(lái)也別扭。因而,在主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)就應(yīng)采用倒裝語(yǔ)序以取得理想的表達(dá)效果。
2. 以表語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭的句子:有時(shí)為了把較長(zhǎng)的主語(yǔ)放在后面,須將表語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)都提到主語(yǔ)前。
例子:
Such would be our home in the future.
我們家就將是這個(gè)樣子。
3. 以副詞here,there開(kāi)頭的句子,也采用完全倒裝來(lái)保持句子平衡。
例子:
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.
你盼望已久的信在這兒。
5.使描寫(xiě)生動(dòng)
有時(shí)為了使敘述或描繪更加生動(dòng)形象,增加語(yǔ)言效果,可將表示方向的副詞(如:down,up,out,in,off,on,away等)或擬聲詞(bang,crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒裝的語(yǔ)序(主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞的句子除外)。
例子:
Up went the rocket into the air.
嗖地一聲火箭就飛上天了。
Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.
當(dāng)警察把槍瞄準(zhǔn)那個(gè)罪犯時(shí),嘭地一下他就從三樓跳了下去。
Boom went the cannon!
轟隆一聲大炮開(kāi)火了!
Bang came another shot!
砰!又是一聲槍響!
以上句子簡(jiǎn)潔明快,生動(dòng)逼真地描述了有關(guān)動(dòng)作,令我們一覽此類(lèi)倒裝的風(fēng)采。但這種倒裝句的修辭功能在語(yǔ)段中可以體現(xiàn)得更為清楚。
“Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter,... Away they run,pell—mell,helter—skelter,yelling—screaming,...
“Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred voices,... Away they fly,splashing through the mud,up go the window,out run the people. ( Dickens )
作者在第一段和第二段中分別用副詞away,up和out位于句首引出四個(gè)倒裝句Away they run,Away they fly,up go the window,out run the people。從而制造出一種緊張、急促的氣氛,生動(dòng)地刻畫(huà)了一個(gè)緊張、混亂的捉賊場(chǎng)面。
倒裝是英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)重要的修辭手段。倒裝句的使用豐富了我們的語(yǔ)言表達(dá),了解并掌握倒裝句各種句式的用法,不僅會(huì)提高我們對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的欣賞能力,對(duì)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力的提高也將大有裨益。因此,寫(xiě)作中適當(dāng)用一些倒裝句式定會(huì)使文章表達(dá)更生動(dòng)、有力。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之倒裝句
部分倒裝是指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前。如果句子的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did,并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。
1) 句首為否定或半否定的詞語(yǔ),如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。例如:
Never have I seen such a performance. 從未見(jiàn)過(guò)如此糟糕的表演。
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 無(wú)論如何你不會(huì)找到這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案的。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母親一直到孩子入睡后離開(kāi)房間。
當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句,主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。注意: 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。例如:
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例題
1) Why cant I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 這是一個(gè)倒裝問(wèn)題。當(dāng)否定詞語(yǔ)置于句首以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這些否定詞包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本題的正常語(yǔ)序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
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