體育畢業(yè)論文范文

體育畢業(yè)論文范文

摘 要

本課題研究的是高考體育考生在高海拔通過一定時(shí)間的訓(xùn)練，下到低海拔的地方考試。體育類考生在每年的三月份都統(tǒng)一到昆明參加體育專業(yè)考試（云南省統(tǒng)一舉行）。然而當(dāng)體育考生從高海拔到達(dá)次高海拔,即脫離低氣壓、低氧環(huán)境,進(jìn)入到高壓,高氧含量的環(huán)境時(shí),適應(yīng)了高海拔環(huán)境的生理機(jī)能需要作重新的調(diào)整以適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。對(duì)于體育考生來說,機(jī)體從習(xí)慣的低壓、低氧環(huán)境到相對(duì)的高壓、高氧環(huán)境,這種外環(huán)境的改變必然對(duì)考生運(yùn)動(dòng)能力產(chǎn)生影響。昆明相對(duì)的高壓、高氧環(huán)境對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的身體機(jī)能是否會(huì)出現(xiàn)次高海拔反應(yīng)(脫適應(yīng)反應(yīng)),如何影響體育考生的運(yùn)動(dòng)水平;如何根據(jù)考試時(shí)間和運(yùn)動(dòng)員下到昆明后身體機(jī)能的變化而確定下昆明的時(shí)間等,這些都是中學(xué)體育教師所關(guān)注的問題。本文從如何更好地利用海拔高度、天氣等條件；到達(dá)昆明后如何進(jìn)行過渡訓(xùn)練，以適應(yīng)低高海拔，海拔差給考生生理、心理等帶來的影響，使體育考生在高住高訓(xùn)轉(zhuǎn)化適應(yīng)低住低訓(xùn)的情況下，成績?cè)谠�成績上得到提高。而高原�?xùn)練是當(dāng)前運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練中的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)，與海拔相對(duì)低的高原相比,它具有一定的特殊性和難度,作為一種特殊的訓(xùn)練方法,對(duì)競(jìng)技體育的發(fā)展和體育考生的成績將起到巨大的作用,但還有許多方面值得進(jìn)一步探討,只有在實(shí)踐中不斷積累經(jīng)驗(yàn),掌握它的規(guī)律性才能運(yùn)用成功。

關(guān)鍵詞：海拔；差異；體育考生；成績
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ABSTRACT
The topic is aimed at the research on the students who are stimulated by low temperature environment to attend the examination after short-time training in a lower altitude area than Ninglang County. Lijiang compared with Kunming is a continental plateau. The students who study in Lijiang have to take the gymnastic exam held in Kunming every year. The plateau training is quite hot as a kind of sport training nowadays. Different from the continental plateau area of relatively lower altitude, it has something particular and difficult. As a special way of training, it will have a great effect on the development of the competitive sports and the gymnastics grade of the students. However, many aspects of this training remain worthwhile our deeper research. Only by accumulating experience in the consistent practices can we master its orderliness and make use of them successfully.
When Ninglang students come from the higher altitude area to the lower altitude area, it means that they are divorced from the lower air pressure and lower oxygen environment to the opposite. They have acclimatized themselves to the higher altitude, but the new circumstance requires them to adjust their physiology enginery to accommodate the current situations. As for these students from Ninglang County, the specialty exams held in Kunming require that their organism alternate from the accustomed low air pressure and oxygen to the compared high air pressure and oxygen condition, and the change will absolutately influence the students’ athletics ability. The coach of Ninglang County should concern the following problems: Whether the condition would arise the sub-high-altitude reaction (maladjustment reaction); how the condition influences the students’ exercise quality, how to arrange the arrival time to Kunming according to the students’ body reaction, etc. From this, we can learn to understand the students’ marks, especially in the dash, the middle-distance race and some programs of stamina, and then make a better use of the altitude and weather to improve the results. Through discussing the aspects of the physical and psychology to help lead students of Ninglang to get higher scores beyond the primal.
Keywords: Altitude；Climate；Comparative mark；Influence

目 錄

第一章 前言1頁
第二章 研究對(duì)象與方法2頁
2.1研究對(duì)象2頁
2.2研究方法2頁
第三章 研究結(jié)果與分析3頁
3.1 高海拔人的生理特點(diǎn)3頁
3.2 昆明、麗江（寧蒗縣）兩地海拔差以及氣候環(huán)境的比較3頁
3.3 海拔差異對(duì)體育考生各個(gè)方面影響因素分析3頁
　　3.3.1 海拔差異對(duì)體育考生生理方面影響分析3頁
　　3.3.2 海拔差異對(duì)體育考生心理方面影響分析5頁
　　3.3.3 考試環(huán)境對(duì)體育考生影響分析5頁
3.3.4 不同訓(xùn)練地訓(xùn)練方法與手段對(duì)體育考生影響分析6頁
第四章 結(jié)論與建議8頁
4.1 結(jié)論8頁
4.2 建議8頁
參考文獻(xiàn)10頁
致謝11頁



第一章　前言

海拔差異就是利用海拔差，針對(duì)要進(jìn)行參加體育比賽、體育考試的考生進(jìn)行的賽前和考前的集訓(xùn)，海拔差異訓(xùn)練等同于高原訓(xùn)練（高原訓(xùn)練：就是在高原訓(xùn)練時(shí)，人們要經(jīng)受高原缺氧和運(yùn)動(dòng)缺氧兩種負(fù)荷［1］）。高原訓(xùn)練始于20世紀(jì)50年代中期，利用海拔差進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練的碩果在各重大賽事中皆有可見。在前人已有經(jīng)驗(yàn)和理論的基礎(chǔ)上，筆者根據(jù)自己的切身體驗(yàn)以及自己所學(xué)的專業(yè)知識(shí)，把這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)和理論應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐，對(duì)海拔差異對(duì)體育考生成績的影響這一問題進(jìn)行初步探討，以昆明、麗江（寧蒗）兩地為例。對(duì)體育考生在適應(yīng)了高海拔、低氧、低壓環(huán)境，適應(yīng)了高海拔訓(xùn)練的情況下，下到海拔相對(duì)較低的高壓、高氧環(huán)境進(jìn)行體育考試，海拔差異與環(huán)境的不適應(yīng)等種種因素，對(duì)體育考生的成績的影響較大。本文就這一問題進(jìn)行了分析，提出了相應(yīng)的對(duì)策措施。
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第二章　研究對(duì)象與方法

2.1 研究對(duì)象
以麗江寧蒗民族中學(xué)2004—2007學(xué)年的10名考生，其中女生5人為研究對(duì)象。