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定語從句的相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)歸納

定語從句的相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)歸納

  在現(xiàn)實(shí)學(xué)習(xí)生活中,說到知識點(diǎn),大家是不是都習(xí)慣性的重視?知識點(diǎn)是傳遞信息的基本單位,知識點(diǎn)對提高學(xué)習(xí)導(dǎo)航具有重要的作用。掌握知識點(diǎn)有助于大家更好的學(xué)習(xí)。以下是小編收集整理的定語從句的相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)歸納,希望能夠幫助到大家。

  定語從句的相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)歸納

  1.定語從句:

  定語從句是由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句,其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個(gè)名詞性成分,相當(dāng)于形容詞,所以又稱為形容詞性從句,一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。

  2.關(guān)系詞:

  引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等,絕對沒有WHAT;關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why等。關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用:

  ①連接作用,引導(dǎo)定語從句。

  ②代替主句中的先行詞,甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整個(gè)主句。 ③在定語從句中充當(dāng)一句子成分。

  注:關(guān)系代詞有主語、賓語之分。一般whom作為賓語。

  3.定語:

  定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的,是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語和分詞短語)或句子,漢語中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任,此外,名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,分詞,副詞,不定式以及介詞短語也可以來擔(dān)任,也可以由一個(gè)句子來擔(dān)任。單詞作定語時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前,作前置定語。短語和從句作定語時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后,作后置定語。

  4、先行詞:

  被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞稱為先行詞。

  關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句舉例

  關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。

  1、who, whom, that

  這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,who做主語指人,whom作賓語指人,that既可作主語又可作賓語(作賓語可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。在從句中所起作用如下:

  (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)

  (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)

  2、Whose 用來指人或物

  (只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換,指人的時(shí)候也可以用of whom 代替)

  (1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。

  (2) Please pass me the book whose (of which) color is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。

  3、 which, that

  它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,作賓語時(shí)可以省略,例如:

  (1) A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作主語)

  (2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語)

  4、 as

  as 可以做主語,也可以作賓語,作賓語時(shí)可以省略,指人或者物。

  限定性定語從句

  一、關(guān)系代詞(在句中作主語、賓語或定語)

  1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它們在從句中作主語或賓語,that在從句中作賓語時(shí)?墒÷躁P(guān)系詞,which在從句中作賓語也可以省略。[eg:This is the book (which)you want.]

  2而且,如果which在從句中作“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞”的介詞的賓語,注意介詞不要丟掉,而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞which的前邊,但有的則放在它原來的位置

  3. 代表物時(shí)多用which,但在下列情況中用that而不用which:

  a)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代詞時(shí);

  b)先行詞由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(shí),這時(shí)的that常被省略;

  c)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時(shí);

  d)先行詞就是序數(shù)詞或最高級時(shí);

  e)先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí);

  f)整個(gè)句中前面已有which時(shí);

  g)當(dāng)先行詞為物并作表語時(shí)。

  4. who和whom引導(dǎo)的從句用來修飾人,分別作從句中的主語和賓語,whom作賓語時(shí),要注意它可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語

  5. whose是關(guān)系代詞,修飾名詞作定語,相當(dāng)于所修飾成分的前置所有格.它引導(dǎo)的從句可以修飾人和物, 當(dāng)它引導(dǎo)的從句修飾物體時(shí), 可以與 of which 調(diào)換,表達(dá)的意思一樣。

  二、關(guān)系副詞(在句中作狀語)

  關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞

  why=for which

  where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介詞同先行詞搭配)

  when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介詞同先行詞搭配)

  1. where是關(guān)系副詞,用來表示地點(diǎn)的定語從句。

  2. when引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時(shí)間[注]值得一提的是,表示時(shí)間“time"一詞的定語從句只用when引導(dǎo),有時(shí)不用任何關(guān)系代詞,當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo)。

  By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.

  I still remember the first time I met her.

  Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。

  3. 當(dāng)從句的邏輯主語是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時(shí),常用there is來引導(dǎo)

  There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 這里有人要和你說話。

  非限定性定語從句

  非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說明,通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號隔開,將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

  1. which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個(gè)句子的情況或主句的某一部分

  2.當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí),其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的,例如:

  Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。

  My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。

  This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動(dòng)人,我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。

  3.非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù),例如:

  He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思,這使我心煩。

  Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝,這就叫做蒸發(fā)。

  4. 有時(shí)as也可用作關(guān)系代詞

  5. 在非限定性定語從句中,不能用關(guān)系副詞why和關(guān)系代詞that,而用who, whom代表人,用which,whose代表事物,如果需要用why,

  可用for which代替.;

  p.s: which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句其后不可省略成分,as可以

  關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

  1.who指人在從句中做主語

  (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩們是一班的.

  (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天,我?guī)椭艘粋(gè)迷路的`老人.

  2. whom指人

  在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語,常省略。(注:who和whom已無太大區(qū)別,基本可以通用。唯一區(qū)別是who可以做主語而whom不可以。)

  (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked with on the bus. 劉先生就是在公交車上和你聊天的那個(gè)人.

  (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy(whom)I want to see. 凌先生恰巧就是我想見的那個(gè)男孩.

  (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你剛剛見到的那個(gè)人就是我的朋友.

  注意:關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替,可省略。

  如果在從句中做賓語,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to. 他就是那個(gè)和我聊天的男人.

  如果是在從句中作主語就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book. 他就是那個(gè)有英語書的男人.

  3. whose通常指人,也可指物

  在定語從句中做定語。

  (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

  (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時(shí),常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替

  (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

  (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

  (5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow

  (6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow

  4.which指物

  在定語從句中做主語或者賓語,做賓語時(shí)可省略。

  (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多數(shù)男孩都喜歡的游戲.

  (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 這是他昨天剛買的鋼筆.

  5. that指人時(shí)

  相當(dāng)于who或者whom;指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which。

  在定語從句中做主語或者賓語,做賓語時(shí)可省略。

  (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

  (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning

  介詞定語從句

  一、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的用法

  當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí),我們通常用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句。如果指“人”,用“介詞+whom”;如果指“物”,用“介詞+which”。例如:

  Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office?

  Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week?

  使用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”要注意以下幾點(diǎn):

  (一)選用介詞的依據(jù):

  (1) 根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的搭配習(xí)慣(即固定短語)。例如:

  Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.

  (2) 根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣(約定俗成,不一定是短語)。例如:

  The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.

  (3) 根據(jù)句子的意思來選擇。例如:

  The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside.

  (4) 表示“所有”關(guān)系或“整體中的一部分”時(shí),通常用介詞of。例如:

  I have about 20 books, half of which were written by Bing Xin, the famous writer.

  (二)在定語從句中,含介詞的短語動(dòng)詞不可拆開使用(短語拆開后含義發(fā)生變化),如look after, look for等。例如:

  The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)

  The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(誤)

  (三)“of which / whom”有時(shí)可以用“whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)來改寫。例如:

  The building whose roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.

  =The building of which the roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.

  (四)當(dāng)先行詞為way并且定語從句中缺少狀語時(shí),通常用in which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句(in which或that可省略);如果定語從句中不缺少狀語,則用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(that 或which 可省略)。例如:

  All of us disliked the way(in which / that)Tom settled the maths problem.

  I don’t understand the way(that/which)the teacher explained to me.

  (五)in that不可以引導(dǎo)定語從句,但可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。例如:

  She didn’t attend the meeting in that / because she was seriously ill.

  二、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”與關(guān)系副詞的轉(zhuǎn)化

  (1)當(dāng)先行詞表示地點(diǎn),定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí),通常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo),此時(shí)也可選用表示地點(diǎn)的介詞+which來代替關(guān)系副詞where。例如:

  I visited the village where many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty.

  =I visited the village in which many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty.

  (2) 當(dāng)先行詞表示時(shí)間,定語從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語時(shí),通常用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo),此時(shí)也可選用表示時(shí)間的介詞+which來代替關(guān)系副詞when。例如:

  We’d better fix a date when we will practice speaking English next week.

  =We’d better fix a date on which we will practice speaking English next week.

  (3) 當(dāng)先行詞為reason,定語從句中缺少表示原因狀語時(shí),通常用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo),此時(shí)也可以用for which來代替關(guān)系副詞why。例如:

  Can you tell me the reason why you were late for school?

  =Can you tell me the reason for which you were late for school?

  定語從句的關(guān)系詞作用

  一、定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的作用和分類

  1、關(guān)系代詞的作用有三個(gè):

  (1)連接作用:關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)從句,把從句和主句連接起來;

  (2)替代作用:關(guān)系代詞在從句中替代它前面的先行詞;

  (3)成分作用:關(guān)系代詞在從句中總是充當(dāng)句子成分。

  2、關(guān)系代詞的用法分類

  (1)根據(jù)所引導(dǎo)的從句的限制性和非限制性; 關(guān)系代詞的用法與分類有三點(diǎn)依據(jù):

  (2)根據(jù)所替代的先行詞是指人還是指物;

  (3)根據(jù)它在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧髡Z、賓語、表語或定語。

  在賓語從句中,關(guān)系代詞的作用和分類是基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容,所以同學(xué)們要想學(xué)好以后的內(nèi)容,就必須先掌握好這部分內(nèi)容。

  二、定語從句關(guān)系代詞有哪些

  一 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的使用

  ⒈ 如果修飾人,一般用關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose 或that.在定語從句中作主語的一般用who或that,作賓語的一般用whom,who或that,作定語并具有物主性質(zhì)的用whose.(在定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞可省略)

  如:

 、買 don’t like people who/that get angry easily.

  我不喜歡容易發(fā)脾氣的人.

 。 關(guān)系代詞who/ that在定語從句中作主語,不可省略)

 、贖ere is the man (whom/ who/ that) you want to see.

  這就是你想見的人.

 。 關(guān)系代詞whom/ who/ that在定語從句中作賓語,可以省略)

 、跧s there anyone in your class whose home is in the northeast?

  你班上有誰家在東北的?

  ( 關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語,不能省略)

  注意:用who 還是whom ,完全根據(jù)它們本身在定語從句中的地位和作用而定,與先行詞在主句中的作用無關(guān).尤其要注意在帶有插入語的定語從句中who和whom的選用.

  如:

 、賂he person who sent the letter had to pay the postage.

  寄信人要付郵資.

 。 who sent the letter是定語從句,修飾person,who在定語從句中作主語,因此用主格)

 、贖e is a man who I believe is honest.

  他是一個(gè)我認(rèn)為誠實(shí)的人.

  ( I believe是插入語,去掉該插入語剩下的便是He is a man who is honest,在語法及句意上都能成立,who是定語從句中動(dòng)詞is的主語,故用主格,不用賓格whom.)

  ⒉ 如果修飾事物,用關(guān)系代詞which 和that,作賓語時(shí)可省略.作介詞賓語時(shí),如果介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前,則用which (不能省) ,而不用that(關(guān)系代詞that既能代人,又能代物).whose也可用來指物(此時(shí)可用of which來代替),在定語從句中作定語.

  如:

 、貲on’t buy tomatoes that/ which are green.

  不要買顏色還是青的西紅柿.

  ( that/ which 在定語從句中作主語,不能省)

  ②The fish (that/ which) they sell are not fresh.

  他們賣的魚不新鮮.

 。 that/ which 在定語從句中作賓語,可以。

  ③The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

  = The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

  門壞了的那個(gè)教室將很快修理.

 、躎he tool with which he is working is called a saw.

  =The tool (that/ which) he is working is called a saw.

  他干活用的那個(gè)工具叫叫鋸.

  (介詞with位于關(guān)系代詞之前,須用which,不能省,也不能用that)

  二 定語從句中關(guān)系副詞的選用

 、 when指時(shí)間,在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語,有時(shí)也可用介詞+which來代替。

  如:

  I still remember the day when / on which I first came to Beijing.

  我還記得我第一次來到北京那天的情景.

  She came at a time when we needed her most.

  她是在我們需要她的時(shí)候來的.

 、 where指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,有時(shí)也可用介詞+which來代替.

  如:

  That is the house where/ in which he lived ten years ago.

  那是他十年前住過的房子.

  I have found a peaceful place where/ in which we can study.

  我找到了一個(gè)能學(xué)習(xí)的安靜的地方.

  ⒊ why指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語,?捎胒or+ which來代替.

  如:

  I know the reason why/ for which she was so angry.

  我知道她為什么那么生氣.

  Do you know the reason why/for which he came so late?

  你知道他來得這么晚的原因嗎?

  ◆應(yīng)注意關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中的不同使用.

  如:

  I’ll never forget the day when I went abroad myself.

  我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我獨(dú)自出國的那一天.

  ( when在從句中代替時(shí)間狀語on the day,我們可以把這個(gè)句子分解為I’ll never forget the day.I went abroad myself on the day.)

  We’ll never forget the days that we spent together.

  我們永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記我們在一起度過的那些日子.

  (that 代替the day,在句中作spent的賓語,that可以省略.該句可分解為We’ll never forget the days.We spent the days together.)

  三 way 作先行詞之后的定語從句

  當(dāng)“way”表示“方式、方法”在句中作先行詞,后被一個(gè)定語從句修飾時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語從句可用that ,也可用in which,或什么都不用。

  如:

  I don’t like the way that he laughed at me.

  =I don’t like the way in which he laughed at me.

  =I don’t like the way he laughed at me.

  我不喜歡他用那種方式來嘲笑我.

  四 time 之后的定語從句

  time作先行詞,前面如有序數(shù)詞和last修飾時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語從句不能用when,只能用that 或兩者都不用.但前面如無序數(shù)詞或last,常用when(有時(shí)也用that)引導(dǎo)定語從句。

  如:

  This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.

  這是我最后一次給你們上課.

  The first time I saw Premier Zhou was in 1958.

  我第一次見周總理是在1958年.

  I don’t know the exact time when the track and field meet will take place.

  我不知道田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)舉行的確切時(shí)間.

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