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由whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句

由whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句

  定語從句,是指一類由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的從句,因?yàn)檫@類從句的句法功能多是做定語,所以曾被稱為定語從句,這類從句除了可以做定語之外,還可以充當(dāng)狀語等其他成分,所以現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)多使用“關(guān)系從句”這一術(shù)語。以下是小編為大家整理的由whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句,供大家參考。

  一 、學(xué)習(xí)由whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句

  whose 是定語從句中一個(gè)常用的關(guān)系代詞, 它是關(guān)系代詞who的所有格,在從句中作定語,也就是說當(dāng)先行詞與從句中某個(gè)名詞有所屬關(guān)系,表達(dá)“……的”意思時(shí),用關(guān)系代詞whose 引導(dǎo)定語從句,它既可以指代人,也可以指代物,既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

  例:①M(fèi)r King,whose legs were badly hurt, was taken to the hospital. 金先生腿受重傷,被送進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。

 、赥hey lives in a room whose window opens to the south. 他們住在一間窗戶朝南開的房間里。

  whose短語在定語從句中有時(shí)可作介詞賓語, 即構(gòu)成“介詞+whose+名詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中作狀語。

  例:①The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident. 金先生工作所在的部門領(lǐng)導(dǎo)已經(jīng)聽人說過這一意外事故。

 、贖e is the student of whose brother we are always proud. 他就是那個(gè)我們總是為他哥哥感到驕傲的學(xué)生。

  whose引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),通?膳cof which/of whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。

  例:①I made a table,the surface of which(of which the surface)is quite smooth. 我制了張桌子,桌面很光滑。

  I made a table, whose surface is quite smooth.

 、贗 live in a room whose window(the window of which或of which the window)opens to the south. 我住在一間窗戶朝南開的屋子里。

 、跿he professor of whom a daughter(a daughter of whom) has gone abroad is very famous in China. 那位他的女兒已經(jīng)出國了的教授在國內(nèi)很有名。

  二 、語法句型

  1 、不定式作目的'狀語

  不定式具有副詞的特征,在句中可以作目的狀語,修飾謂語動(dòng)詞,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的目的。

  例:He came to see me last Sunday. 他上星期天來看過我。

  為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的狀語,可以用in order to+動(dòng)詞原形,甚至可以將in order to短語提到句首。

  例:①I had to lie to the company and pretend to be a man in order to get a job. 為了得到工作,我不得不對公司撒謊,并裝扮成男人。

  ②In order to catch the train, I’ll get up very early tomorrow morning. 為了趕火車,我明天將很早起床。

  此外還可以用so as to短語來作目的狀語,但so as to不能置于句首。

  例:She lied to us because she had to so as to( in order to) get a job. 她對我們?nèi)鲋e,那是因?yàn)闉榱说玫焦ぷ,她不得不這么做。

  2 、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)在條件狀語從句中的用法

  條件狀語從句中,當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞是將來某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)時(shí),通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)來表示。

  例:①Unless you tell me ,I shall not be able to help you. 除非你告訴我,否則我無法幫助你。

 、贗f anyone at work discovers my secret, I shall lose my job. 公司里任何人知道了我的秘密,我都將失業(yè)。

  3 、形容詞在句中作賓補(bǔ)

  有些及物動(dòng)詞,除了跟賓語外,還須加上一個(gè)詞或短語來說明賓語的狀態(tài),以補(bǔ)充其意義上的不足,這樣的詞或短語叫做賓語補(bǔ)足語,它與賓語之間有主謂關(guān)系,通常形容詞在句中可作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

  例:①So I cut my hair short. 于是我把頭發(fā)剪短了。

 、赥hey washed their clothes very clean. 他們將衣服洗得干干凈凈。

  除形容詞外,副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式,分詞等均可作賓補(bǔ)。

  例:①Will you please bring him in ? 請把他帶進(jìn)來好嗎?

  ②We elected him monitor of our class. 我們選他當(dāng)班長。

  4 、It seems that/as if...

  本句型實(shí)際上是“主+系+表”結(jié)構(gòu),其中it是無人稱代詞,本身并無詞意,也并非形式主語,seems為系動(dòng)詞,that/as if...引導(dǎo)表語從句,本句型使that/as if引導(dǎo)的從句所表達(dá)的意思變得不大肯定或者使語氣變得較為委婉。

  例:①It seems that it is more difficult for women to get to the top of the company. 婦女似乎更難提升到公司的最高職位。

 、贗t seems to me that he has known everything.

  (He seems to have known everything) 看來他似乎什么事都知道了。

 、跧t seems as if it is going to rain.

  (It seems to rain) 看來天要下雨了。

  It seems(that...)常可以用I guess that...來替換。

  例:①I guess men’s hands and fingers are too big !

  It seems that men’s hands and fingers are too big. 男人的手和手指似乎太大了。

  ②It seems that she told a lie in order to get a job in our company.

  I guess she told a lie in order to get a job in our company. 看來她為了想在我們公司找一份工作,向我們?nèi)隽酥e。

  5、 have sb./sth. doing sth.

  此句型中,have為使役動(dòng)詞,分詞短語在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語,與賓語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,意為“使某人(某物)做某事”,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性。

  例:①We have never had women working in this part of our company before. 我們以前從來沒有讓女人在我們公司的這個(gè)部門工作。

 、赥hey had their lights burning all night long. 他們通宵把燈點(diǎn)著。

  如果只強(qiáng)調(diào)讓某人、某物做某事而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性時(shí),我們可用省“to”的不定式在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

  例:I won’t have you do such things. 我不讓你去做這些事。

  當(dāng)使役動(dòng)詞have后接過去分詞短語,作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),賓語則與補(bǔ)足語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,即have sth. done句型, 此句型有兩種含義。

  其一:表示“使得某事得以做成”或“(請人)把某事做完”。

  例:①I’ll have my bicycle repaired. 我將把自行車推去修好。

 、贗 had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天去理了發(fā)。

  其二:表示“遭遇某種情況”或“經(jīng)歷一個(gè)事情或行動(dòng)”。

  例:①King Charlies I had his head cut off. 國王查理一世被砍了頭。

 、赟he had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的錢包被偷了。

  6、 Does it matter...

  此句型中,it為無人稱代詞,作主語,matter是動(dòng)詞,意思是“關(guān)系重要”,主要用于否定句,疑問句和條件狀語從句中。

  例:①Does it matter if an engineer is a man or a woman? 工程師是男是女,這有什么關(guān)系呢?

 、赪hat does it matter? 這有什么關(guān)系?

 、跧t doesn’t matter, does it ? 這沒多大關(guān)系,是嗎?

 、躀t doesn’t matter to me what you do or how you do it. 你做什么,怎么做對我都無關(guān)緊要。

  whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句的用法

  一、whose為who的所有格,作“某(些)人的……”解,它所指代的先行詞必須是人,其引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾它的先行詞,同時(shí)它本身在從句中作定語。

  例:This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake。

  這就是在那次大地震中失去雙親的那個(gè)小姑娘。

  Mr Liu wants to talk to the students whose homework hasn‘t been handed in。

  劉老師要跟那些沒交家庭作業(yè)的學(xué)生談話。

  二、whose也可作which的所有格,作“某(些)物的……”解,它所指代的先行詞必須是物,其語法功能同上。

  例:The company whose name was Notco was in Australia。

  那個(gè)名叫諾特可的公司設(shè)在澳大利亞。

  We live in a house whose windows open to the south。

  我們居住在一所窗戶朝南開的房子里。

  三、whose可修飾定語從句中的主語、賓語、介詞賓語等不同成分。

  例:Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital。

  金先生的腿受了重傷,很快就被送往醫(yī)院。(whose修飾定語從句中的主語legs)

  We shall have to make a decision about Ms King,whose story I‘ve just told you。

  關(guān)于金女士的情況,我剛才已經(jīng)告訴你們了,我們得對她的事情作出決定。(whose修飾定語從句中的賓語 story)

  四、whose既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,亦可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

  例:The boss in whose department Mr King worked called at the hospital。

  金先生工作單位的老板到醫(yī)院來探視。(限制性定語從句)

  The boss of the company,whose name was Mr Little,told the story。

  公司的老板叫利特爾,他講述了這個(gè)故事。(非限制性定語從句)

  五、由于whose具有兼作who和 which的所有格的雙重功能,故在指人時(shí)可用of whom代替whose,指物時(shí)可用of which代替whose。

  例:This kind of book is for children whose native language(=the native language of whom)is Chinese。

  這種書是給母語是漢語的兒童看的。

  Mr Brown has written a novel whose name(=the name of which)I‘ve completely forgotten。

  布朗先生寫了部小說,其書名我完全忘了。

  I live in a room whose window(=the window of which)opens to the south。

  我住在一間窗戶朝南開的屋子里。

  六、按英語習(xí)慣用法,下列情況中的whose和of whom或of which切不可混用:

  1、凡是of whom或of which同數(shù)詞或代詞(如some,many,little等)連用表示部分與整體關(guān)系時(shí),通常不可用 whose。

  例:There are 45 students in our class,35of whom are League members。

  我們班有45名學(xué)生,其中35名是團(tuán)員。

  Mr White wrote many articles,some of which were translated into Chinese。

  懷特先生寫了不少文章,其中一些譯成了中文。

  2、凡是of whom或of which修飾定語從句中的主語,是表示同位關(guān)系的代詞both,all等時(shí),切不可用whose。

  例:I have two sons,both of whom serve in the army。

  我有兩個(gè)兒子,都在部隊(duì)服役。

  He has some novels,all of which are written in Russian。

  他有一些小說,都是用俄文寫的。

  更多例句:

  1、I can't remember whose idea it was for us to meet again.

  我記不清我們再次會(huì)面是誰的主意了。

  2、I met one woman whose tiny baby had just died and whose other child was fighting for its life.

  我遇到了一個(gè)女人,她那一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)大的小寶寶剛剛死去,另一個(gè)孩子也在死亡線上掙扎。

  3、Whose handwriting is this? Can you identify it?

  這是誰的筆跡,你辨認(rèn)得出來嗎?

  4、The gunman, whose mask had slipped, fled.

  面罩掉落的持槍歹徒逃之夭夭了。

  5、My mother, whose guiding principle in life was doing right, had a far greater influence on me.

  我母親的生活原則是做事堂堂正正,她對我有著更為深刻的影響。

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