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whose引導定語從句

whose引導定語從句

  whose引導的定語從句是語法重點 whose 引導的定語從句是語法重點,也是高考中經?疾榈恼Z法內容之一。

  一、學習由whose引導的定語從句

  whose是定語從句中一個常用的關系代詞,它是關系代詞who的所有格,在從句中作定語,也就是說當先行詞與從句中某個名詞有所屬關系,表達“……的”意思時,用關系代詞whose引導定語從句,它既可以指代人,也可以指代物,既可引導限制性定語從句,也可以引導非限制性定語從句。

  例:①Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt, was taken to the hospital.金先生腿受重傷,被送進了醫(yī)院。

  ②They lives in a room whose window opens to the south. 他們住在一間窗戶朝南開的房間里。

  whose短語在定語從句中有時可作介詞賓語, 即構成“介詞+whose+名詞”引導定語從句并在從句中作狀語。

  例:①The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident.金先生工作所在的部門領導已經聽人說過這一意外事故。

  ②He is the student of whose brother we are always proud. 他就是那個我們總是為他哥哥感到驕傲的學生。

  whose引導定語從句時,通?膳cof which/of whom引導的定語從句進行轉換。

  例:①I made a table,the surface of which(of which the surface)is quite smooth.我制了張桌子,桌面很光滑。

  I made a table, whose surface is quite smooth.

  ②I live in a room whose window(the window of which或of which the window)opens to the south.我住在一間窗戶朝南開的屋子里。

 、跿he professor of whom a daughter(a daughter of whom) has gone abroad is very famous in China.那位他的女兒已經出國了的教授在國內很有名。

  二、語法句型

  1、不定式作目的狀語

  不定式具有副詞的特征,在句中可以作目的狀語,修飾謂語動詞,表示動作或狀態(tài)的目的。

  例:He came to see me last Sunday. 他上星期天來看過我。

  為了強調目的狀語,可以用in order to+動詞原形,甚至可以將in order to短語提到句首。

  例:①I had to lie to the company and pretend to be a man in order to get a job.為了得到工作,我不得不對公司撒謊,并裝扮成男人。

 、贗n order to catch the train, I’ll get up very early tomorrow morning. 為了趕火車,我明天將很早起床。

  此外還可以用so as to短語來作目的狀語,但so as to不能置于句首。

  例:She lied to us because she had to so as to( in order to) get a job.她對我們撒謊,那是因為為了得到工作,她不得不這么做。

  2、一般現(xiàn)在時在條件狀語從句中的用法

  條件狀語從句中,當謂語動詞是將來某個時間發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)時,通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)來表示。

  例:①Unless you tell me ,I shall not be able to help you.除非你告訴我,否則我無法幫助你。

 、贗f anyone at work discovers my secret, I shall lose my job.公司里任何人知道了我的秘密,我都將失業(yè)。

  3、形容詞在句中作賓補

  有些及物動詞,除了跟賓語外,還須加上一個詞或短語來說明賓語的狀態(tài),以補充其意義上的不足,這樣的詞或短語叫做賓語補足語,它與賓語之間有主謂關系,通常形容詞在句中可作賓語補足語。

  例:①So I cut my hair short.于是我把頭發(fā)剪短了。

 、赥hey washed their clothes very clean.他們將衣服洗得干干凈凈。

  除形容詞外,副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式,分詞等均可作賓補。

  例:①Will you please bring him in ?請把他帶進來好嗎?

 、赪e elected him monitor of our class.我們選他當班長。

  4 、It seems that/as if...

  本句型實際上是“主+系+表”結構,其中it是無人稱代詞,本身并無詞意,也并非形式主語,seems為系動詞,that/as if...引導表語從句,本句型使that/as if引導的從句所表達的意思變得不大肯定或者使語氣變得較為委婉。

  例:①It seems that it is more difficult for women to get to the top of the company. 婦女似乎更難提升到公司的最高職位。

 、贗t seems to me that he has known everything.

  (He seems to have known everything)看來他似乎什么事都知道了。

 、跧t seems as if it is going to rain.

  (It seems to rain) 看來天要下雨了。

  It seems(that...)?梢杂肐 guess that...來替換。

  例:①I guess men’s hands and fingers are too big !

  It seems that men’s hands and fingers are too big.男人的手和手指似乎太大了。

  ②It seems that she told a lie in order to get a job in our company.

  I guess she told a lie in order to get a job in our company.看來她為了想在我們公司找一份工作,向我們撒了謊。

  5、 have sb./sth. doing sth.

  此句型中,have為使役動詞,分詞短語在句中作賓語補足語,與賓語之間是主動關系,意為“使某人(某物)做某事”,強調動作的持續(xù)性。

  例:①We have never had women working in this part of our company before.我們以前從來沒有讓女人在我們公司的這個部門工作。

  ②They had their lights burning all night long. 他們通宵把燈點著。

  如果只強調讓某人、某物做某事而不強調動作的持續(xù)性時,我們可用省“to”的不定式在句中作賓語補足語。

  例:I won’t have you do such things. 我不讓你去做這些事。

  當使役動詞have后接過去分詞短語,作賓語補足語時,賓語則與補足語之間是被動關系,即have sth. done句型,此句型有兩種含義。

  其一:表示“使得某事得以做成”或“(請人)把某事做完”。

  例:①I’ll have my bicycle repaired.我將把自行車推去修好。

  ②I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天去理了發(fā)。

  其二:表示“遭遇某種情況”或“經歷一個事情或行動”。

  例:①King Charlies I had his head cut off.國王查理一世被砍了頭。

 、赟he had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的錢包被偷了。

  6、 Does it matter...

  此句型中,it為無人稱代詞,作主語,matter是動詞,意思是“關系重要”,主要用于否定句,疑問句和條件狀語從句中。

  例:①Does it matter if an engineer is a man or a woman?工程師是男是女,這有什么關系呢?

 、赪hat does it matter? 這有什么關系?

 、跧t doesn’t matter, does it ?這沒多大關系,是嗎?

  ④It doesn’t matter to me what you do or how you do it.你做什么,怎么做對我都無關緊要。

  "WHOSE"引導的定語從句

  whose也可以引導定語從句,它相當于前面說的關系代詞的所有格形式。

  例:She has an uncle . His name is Peter.

  =She has an uncle whose name is Peter.

  I like that house . Its location is good to me.

  =I like that house whose location is good to me.

  "WHOSE"引導定語從句的三原則:

  a. whose 前要有先行詞

  b. whose 后的名詞要做定語從句的主語或賓語

  c. 否則whose前應有介詞,且該介詞也可移至定語從句的句尾

  以上可知whose引導定語從句的用法和其他關系代詞的用法相似。

  例:I hate John,whose words are seldom true.(本句中,whose words 前有先行詞John,且本身做定語從句的主語)

  I hate John,whose words I have no trust.() (本句雖有先行詞,但whose words 無法直接做trust的賓語,所以要稍加改正)

  改正:I hate John,whose words I seldom trust in.( )

  定語從句引導詞whose

  定語從句中whose的用法whose引導的定語從句是語法重點,也是高考中經?疾榈恼Z法內容之一。要學好whose引導的定語從句的用法,應注意以下六個方面。

  一、whose為who的所有格,作“某(些)人的……”解,它所指代的先行詞必須是人,其引導的定語從句修飾它的先行詞,同時它本身在從句中作定語。

  This is the little girlwhoseparents were killed in the great earthquake.這就是在那次大地震中失去雙親的那個小姑娘。

  Mr Liu wants to talk to the studentswhosehomework hasn't been handed in.劉老師要跟那些沒交家庭作業(yè)的學生談話。

  二、whose也可作which的所有格,作“某(些)物的……”解,它所指代的先行詞必須是物,其語xx能同上。

  The companywhosename was Notco was in Australia.那個名叫諾特可的公司設在澳大利亞。

  We live in a housewhosewindows open to the south.我們居住在一所窗戶朝南開的.房子里。

  三、whose可修飾定語從句中的主語、賓語、介詞賓語等不同成分。

  Mr King,whoselegs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital.金先生的腿受了重傷,很快就被送往醫(yī)院。(whose修飾定語從句中的主語legs)

  We shall have to make a decision about Ms King,whosestory I've just told you.關于金女士的情況,我剛才已經告訴你們了,我們得對她的事情作出決定。(whose修飾定語從句中的賓語 story)

  四、whose既可引導限制性定語從句,亦可引導非限制性定語從句。

  The boss inwhosedepartment Mr King worked called at the hospital.金先生工作單位的老板到醫(yī)院來探視。(限制性定語從句)

  The boss of the company,whosename was Mr Little,told the story.公司的老板叫利特爾,他講述了這個故事。(非限制性定語從句)

  五、由于whose具有兼作who和 which的所有格的雙重功能,故在指人時可用of whom代替whose,指物時可用of which代替whose。

  This kind of book is for childrenwhosenative language(=the native language of whom)is Chinese.這種書是給母語是漢語的兒童看的。

  Mr Brown has written a novelwhosename(=the name of which)I've completely forgotten.布朗先生寫了部小說,其書名我完全忘了。

  I live in a roomwhosewindow(=the window of which)opens to the south. 我住在一間窗戶朝南開的屋子里。

  六、按英語習慣用法,下列情況中的whose和of whom或of which切不可混用:

  1.凡是of whom或of which同數(shù)詞或代詞(如some,many,little等)連用表示部分與整體關系時,通常不可用whose。

  There are 45 students in our class,35of whom are League members.我們班有45名學生,其中35名是團員。

  Mr White wrote many articles,some of which were translated into Chinese.懷特先生寫了不少文章,其中一些譯成了中文。

  2.凡是of whom或of which修飾定語從句中的主語,是表示同位關系的代詞both,all等時,切不可用whose。

  I have two sons,both of whom serve in the army.我有兩個兒子,都在部隊服役。

  He has some novels,all of which are written in Russian.他有一些小說,都是用俄文寫的。

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