英語語法五大基本句型 (菁選2篇)
英語語法五大基本句型1
1、解釋:“……地方有……”;
2、結(jié)構(gòu):
There be + 主語 + 地點(diǎn)狀語
eg:There are some apples on the table.
3、考點(diǎn):主謂一致
(1)be 后名詞是單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,be 用 is 或者 was;后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)則用 are 或were。
eg:
There is an apple in the fridge.
There is some milk in the fridge.
There isn’t any / is no money in the box.
There are many girls in the room.
(2)如果 be 后面是幾個并列名詞作主語,be 的單復(fù)數(shù)和最靠近的名詞保持一致——就近原則。
eg:
There is a book and two pencils on the desk.
There are two pencils and a book on the desk.
二主系表
1、結(jié)構(gòu):主語+系動詞+表語
eg:
He is good.
He is a good student.
2、系動詞:
必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語才能表達(dá)完整的意思,這類動詞叫系動詞。
常見系動詞:
(1)be 動詞——is/am/are/was/were
(2)感官動詞——feel/look/sound/taste/smell
(3)表轉(zhuǎn)變動詞——get/grow/become/go
eg:
感官動詞主系表——It looks perfect. 它看上去真完美。
表轉(zhuǎn)變動詞主系表——The sky grew dark./ It became dirty.
3、考點(diǎn):系動詞后面跟形容詞
eg:
He looks at her happily.(happily 修飾 look at,look at 解釋為看著,look 是實(shí)義動詞)
He looks happy when he sees her.(look 不及物,這里沒有跟介詞,單獨(dú)行動,翻譯/為“看上去”,是系動詞,后跟形容詞。)
三主謂賓
1、結(jié)構(gòu):主語+謂語+賓語
主語:動作發(fā)出者;
謂語:動作本身(實(shí)義動詞);
賓語:動作承受者
eg:I walk a bear. 我溜一只熊。
四主謂賓賓
結(jié)構(gòu):主語+謂語+賓語+賓語
雙賓語:直接賓語(物);間接賓語(人)——物直人間
eg:
I give him the book.
I give the book to him.
謂語后跟間接賓語時,直接賓語前不需要介詞;謂語后跟直接賓語時,間接賓語前加介詞 to/for。
五主謂賓賓補(bǔ)
結(jié)構(gòu):主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(bǔ)
賓補(bǔ):一個賓語不能完整表達(dá)出意思,需要加一個補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語使句意完整。
eg:
He made me happy.
I keep the room tidy.
My mother saw me doing housework.
六能力檢測走起
一星題
There___ not ____ milk in the cup on the table .
A. are, many B. are , much
C. is ,many D. is ,much
2. How many ___ are there in the room ?
A. apple B. students
C. milk D. paper
3. There ____ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk.
A. is a B. are some
C. has a D. have some
4. Yesterday was my birthday. My mother ____.
A. made a cake to me B. made a cake me
C. made for me a cake D. made me a cake
5. -Shall we go for a picnic in the park this Saturday?
-Oh, that _______ good.
A. feels B.looks
C smells D.sounds
兩星題
1. There ____ a lot of good news in today's newspaper.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
2. Roses in bloom smell ____.
A. sweetly B. sweet
C. sweeten D. sweetness
翻譯:(如有單詞提示,請用提示單詞)
1. 我昨晚看見爸爸在工作。(并寫出句型)
2. 他變得很生氣。(get)(并寫出句型)
3. 我給媽媽買了一本書。(通過變換賓語位置翻譯出兩句句子,并寫出句型)
三星題
1. - Is this the last exam we have to take ? - No, but there ____ another test three months later from now.
A. will be going to B. is
C. will be D. has been
2. There ______ great changes in such kind of computers in the last few years.
A. is B. are
C. will be D. have been
3. There ________ a football match on TV this evening.
A. will have B. is going to be
C. has D. is going to have
4. Canned food does not go ____.
A. bad easily B. badly easy `
C. bad easy D. badly easily
5..I will make your dream ____.
A. comes true B. to come true
C. coming truly D. come true
英語語法五大基本句型2
一There be 句型
1、解釋:“……地方有……”;
2、結(jié)構(gòu):
There be + 主語 + 地點(diǎn)狀語
eg:There are some apples on the table.
3、考點(diǎn):主謂一致
(1)be 后名詞是單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,be 用 is 或者 was;后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)則用 are 或were。
eg:
There is an apple in the fridge.
There is some milk in the fridge.
There isn’t any / is no money in the box.
There are many girls in the room.
(2)如果 be 后面是幾個并列名詞作主語,be 的單復(fù)數(shù)和最靠近的名詞保持一致——就近原則。
eg:
There is a book and two pencils on the desk.
There are two pencils and a book on the desk.
二主系表
1、結(jié)構(gòu):主語+系動詞+表語
eg:
He is good.
He is a good student.
2、系動詞:
必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語才能表達(dá)完整的意思,這類動詞叫系動詞。
常見系動詞:
(1)be 動詞——is/am/are/was/were
(2)感官動詞——feel/look/sound/taste/smell
(3)表轉(zhuǎn)變動詞——get/grow/become/go
eg:
感官動詞主系表——It looks perfect. 它看上去真完美。
表轉(zhuǎn)變動詞主系表——The sky grew dark./ It became dirty.
3、考點(diǎn):系動詞后面跟形容詞
eg:
He looks at her happily.(happily 修飾 look at,look at 解釋為看著,look 是實(shí)義動詞)
He looks happy when he sees her.(look 不及物,這里沒有跟介詞,單獨(dú)行動,翻譯/為“看上去”,是系動詞,后跟形容詞。)
三主謂賓
1、結(jié)構(gòu):主語+謂語+賓語
主語:動作發(fā)出者;
謂語:動作本身(實(shí)義動詞);
賓語:動作承受者
eg:I walk a bear. 我溜一只熊。
四主謂賓賓
結(jié)構(gòu):主語+謂語+賓語+賓語
雙賓語:直接賓語(物);間接賓語(人)——物直人間
eg:
I give him the book.
I give the book to him.
謂語后跟間接賓語時,直接賓語前不需要介詞;謂語后跟直接賓語時,間接賓語前加介詞 to/for。
五主謂賓賓補(bǔ)
結(jié)構(gòu):主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(bǔ)
賓補(bǔ):一個賓語不能完整表達(dá)出意思,需要加一個補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語使句意完整。
eg:
He made me happy.
I keep the room tidy.
My mother saw me doing housework.
六能力檢測走起
一星題
There___ not ____ milk in the cup on the table .
A. are, many B. are , much
C. is ,many D. is ,much
2. How many ___ are there in the room ?
A. apple B. students
C. milk D. paper
3. There ____ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk.
A. is a B. are some
C. has a D. have some
4. Yesterday was my birthday. My mother ____.
A. made a cake to me B. made a cake me
C. made for me a cake D. made me a cake
5. -Shall we go for a picnic in the park this Saturday?
-Oh, that _______ good.
A. feels B.looks
C smells D.sounds
兩星題
1. There ____ a lot of good news in today's newspaper.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
2. Roses in bloom smell ____.
A. sweetly B. sweet
C. sweeten D. sweetness
翻譯:(如有單詞提示,請用提示單詞)
1. 我昨晚看見爸爸在工作。(并寫出句型)
2. 他變得很生氣。(get)(并寫出句型)
3. 我給媽媽買了一本書。(通過變換賓語位置翻譯出兩句句子,并寫出句型)
三星題
1. - Is this the last exam we have to take ? - No, but there ____ another test three months later from now.
A. will be going to B. is
C. will be D. has been
2. There ______ great changes in such kind of com*rs in the last few years.
A. is B. are
C. will be D. have been
3. There ________ a football match on TV this evening.
A. will have B. is going to be
C. has D. is going to have
4. Canned food does not go ____.
A. bad easily B. badly easy `
C. bad easy D. badly easily
5..I will make your dream ____.
A. comes true B. to come true
C. coming truly D. come true
英語語法五大基本句型 (菁選2篇)擴(kuò)展閱讀
英語語法五大基本句型 (菁選2篇)(擴(kuò)展1)
——5大基礎(chǔ)英語語法知識3篇
5大基礎(chǔ)英語語法知識1
(1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格:
a) 單數(shù)后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加 ’s children’s shoes
并列名詞中,如果把 ’s加在最后一個名詞后,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 湯姆和邁克共有的'小汽車
要表示所有物不是共有的,應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車
(2)表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“ of +名詞”來表示所有關(guān)系:如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
5大基礎(chǔ)英語語法知識2
1. (1)不定冠詞:a / an a unit / an uncle
元音開頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(2)定冠詞:the
the egg the plane
2. 用法:定冠詞的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk
(2)復(fù)述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.
(4)在序數(shù)詞前: John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用于固定詞組中: in the morning / afternoon / evening
5大基礎(chǔ)英語語法知識3
(1)專有名詞前:China is a big country.
(2)名詞前有定語:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.
(3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在節(jié)日,日期,月份,季節(jié)前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球類 棋類運(yùn)動前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
但樂器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.
(7)學(xué)科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.
(8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.
(9)固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus
語法知識三:常用介詞:in, on, at, behind等
1.at表示時間概念的某一個點(diǎn)。(在某時刻、時間、階段等)。
at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一點(diǎn)鐘(黎明、午夜、中午)
2.on
1)表示具體日期。
注:(1)關(guān)于"在周末"的幾種表示法:
at(on)the weekend在周末---特指
at(on)weekends在周末---泛指
over the weekend在整個周末
during the weekend在周末期間
(2)在圣誕節(jié),應(yīng)說at Christmas?而不說on Christmas?
2)在(剛……)的時候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就給父母打了一個電話。
3.in
1)表示"時段"、"時期",在多數(shù)情況下可以和during互換,前者強(qiáng)調(diào)對比,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)。 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀(jì))
英語語法五大基本句型 (菁選2篇)(擴(kuò)展2)
——高中基本英語語法知識點(diǎn)歸納 (菁選2篇)
高中基本英語語法知識點(diǎn)歸納1
一、一般將來時
1.概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。
2.時間狀語:Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+am/is/are +going to + do+其它;主語+will/shall + do+其它
4.否定形式:主語+am/is/are not going to do ;主語+will/shall not do+其它
5.一般疑問句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他們將有一場比賽和我們一起研究。
It is going to rain.天要下雨了。
二、 一般過去將來時
1.概念:立足于過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語從句中。
2.時間狀語:The next day (morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語
+was/were +going to + do+其它;主語+would/should + do+其它
4.否定形式:主語+was/were+not + going to + do; 主語+would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑問句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他說他第二天要去**。
I asked who was going there.我問,誰要去那里。
三、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
1.概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作及行為。
2.時間狀語:Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+be +doing +其它
4.否定形式:主語+be +not +doing+其它
5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放于句首。
6.例句:How are you feeling today?你今天感覺如何?
He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現(xiàn)得很好。
高中基本英語語法知識點(diǎn)歸納2
1.able 用法:be able to do
Note: 反義詞unable表示不能,而disabled表示殘疾的。
be able to do可以表示經(jīng)過艱難困苦才能做到的事。
2.abroad 用法:表示到(在)國外,是一個副詞,前面不加介詞。
Note: 可以說from abroad, 表示從國外回來。
3.admit 用法:表示承認(rèn)的時候後面要加上動名詞形式。
Note: 表示允許進(jìn)入的時候與介詞to搭配。
4.advise 用法:advise sb. to do; advise doing
Note: 后面的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣。即:advise that sb. (should) do的.形式。
5.afford 用法:通常與動詞不定式搭配使用。
Note: 前面需要有be able to或can等詞。
6.after 用法:表示在時間、空間之后;be after表示追尋。
Note: 用在將來時的時候后面接一時間點(diǎn),而in接一個時間段,如:after 3 o’clock; in 3 days.
7.agree 用法:與介詞on, to, with及動詞不定式搭配。
Note: agree on表示達(dá)成一致;agree to表示批準(zhǔn);agree with表示同意某人說的話。
8.alive 用法:表語性形容詞,在句中只能作表語,不能作定語。
Note: 可以作狀語使用,表示活活地,如:bury sb. alive.
9.allow 用法:allow doing; allow sb. to do
Note: 可以表示允許進(jìn)入,如:Please allow me in.
10.among 用法:用在三者或三者以上的群體中。
Note: 還可以表示其中之一,如:He is among the best.
11.and 用法:用于連接兩個詞、短語、句子或其他相同結(jié)構(gòu)。
Note: 與祈使句搭配時往往可以表示條件。如:Work hard, and you’ll succeed sooner or later.
12.another 用法:表示又一個,泛指,相當(dāng)于one more的含義。
Note: 不能直接加復(fù)數(shù)名詞,需要與一個數(shù)詞搭配,如:another 2 weeks.
13.answer 用法:及物動詞,但在作名詞時要與介詞to搭配。
Note: 可以表示接電話、應(yīng)門等。如:answer the phone/door.
14.anxious 用法:be anxious for/about/to do
Note: be anxious about表示擔(dān)心;be anxious for表示盼望得到。
15.appear 用法:不及物動詞,沒有賓語,沒有被動語態(tài)。
Note: 還可以作為系動詞,與seem同義,表示看起來……。
英語語法五大基本句型 (菁選2篇)(擴(kuò)展3)
——日語基本語法句型
日語基本語法句型1
1.~ておく
意思:
表示事先作好某種動作或保持某種狀態(tài)。
接續(xù):
動詞連用形+ておく
例句:
新しい內(nèi)容を勉強(qiáng)する前に、自分でよく予習(xí)しておく。學(xué)習(xí)新的內(nèi)容前,先自己好好預(yù)習(xí)。
電気をつけておこう。就開著燈吧。
2.~てやる、あげる、差し上げる
意思:
表示給第一人稱以外的其他人稱做某種事情。
接續(xù):
動詞連用形+てやる、あげる、差し上げる
例句:
貓に餌を作ってやる。我給貓做貓食。
私は妹に本を読んであげる。我念書給妹妹聽。
社長に新聞を買って差し上げました。我?guī)蜕玳L買了報(bào)紙。
3.~てくれる、くださる
意思:
表示給第一人稱做某事情,第一人稱是受益者。
接續(xù):
動詞連用形+てくれる、くださる
例句:
趙さんは友達(dá)を紹介してくれました。小趙給我介紹朋友。
4.~てもらう、ていただく
意思:
表示說話人請他人為自己作某事,自己是受益者。
接續(xù):
動詞連用形+てもらう、ていただく
例句:
友達(dá)に私の財(cái)布を拾ってもらった。朋友幫我撿起了錢包。
英語語法五大基本句型 (菁選2篇)(擴(kuò)展4)
——英語語法總結(jié) (菁選3篇)
英語語法總結(jié)1
初一英語語法雖然是從簡單的一些日常用語出發(fā)的,但語法中常會有一些知識點(diǎn)看起來很細(xì)小,容易被忽視,但這些知識點(diǎn)掌握不熟練,往往會造成一些語法應(yīng)用上的錯誤。因此在學(xué)習(xí)初一英語語法時,要認(rèn)真、細(xì)心,不要覺得一些地方不重要而得過且過。
下面從幾個方面,總結(jié)出了初一英語語法,如果要復(fù)習(xí)英語句法的同學(xué),可以參考一下。
一、初一英語語法——詞法
1、名詞
A)、名詞的數(shù)
我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分,復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下:
一)在后面加s.如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es.如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s.如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來詞).如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes***, potatoes馬鈴薯
五)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s).如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有復(fù)數(shù),沒有單數(shù)的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有:police**局,**, class班,同學(xué), family家,家庭成員
九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞,多數(shù)為后一個單詞.如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時為復(fù)數(shù).如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同.如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
十一) 單個字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s.如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s).但如是縮略詞則只加s.如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名詞的格
當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時,我們就要使用所有格形式.構(gòu)成如下:
一)單數(shù)在后面加’s.如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理.如:Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’; Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)
三)由and并列的名詞所有時,如果是共同所有同一人或物時,只加最后一個’s,但分別擁有時卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理.如:Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)
2、代詞
項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞
人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性
第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself
復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself
復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves
3、動詞
A) 第三人稱單數(shù)
當(dāng)動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時,動詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動詞那樣加s,如下:
一)一般在詞后加s.如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es.如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es.如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s.如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o結(jié)尾加es.如:does, goes
五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B) 現(xiàn)在分詞
當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時,動詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構(gòu)成如下:
一)一般在后加ing.如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing.如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個元音字母+一個輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing.如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing.如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容詞的級
我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對比時,則要使用比較或最高級形式.構(gòu)成如下:
一) 一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st).如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個元音字母+1個輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est.如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est.如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠(yuǎn))
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、數(shù)詞 (基變序,有規(guī)則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾,變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去.) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、初一英語語法——句式
1.陳述句
肯定陳述句 a) This is a book. (be動詞)
b) He looks very young. (連系動詞)
c) I want a sweat like this. (實(shí)義動詞)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動詞)
e) There’s a com*r on my desk. (There be結(jié)構(gòu))
否定陳述句 a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice.
c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’t find her doll.
e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English!
c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry.
3. 疑問句
1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?
d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?
肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.
否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t.
2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.
3) 特殊疑問句
① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
、 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
、 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is .
、 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?
、 問時間 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.
When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.
⑦ 問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.
、 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.
What’s your favourite color? It’s black.
、 問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
、 問東西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.
What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.
What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.
12 問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13 問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.
14 問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.
15 問電話號碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.
16 問謂語(動作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.
17 問職業(yè)(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.
What’s your father? He’s a doctor.
三、初一英語語法——時態(tài)
1、一般現(xiàn)在時 表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現(xiàn)在時,它有:
Be 動詞:She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.
情態(tài)動詞:I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.
行為動詞:They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.
2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 表示動詞在此時正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時態(tài),結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.
They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.
英語語法總結(jié)2
于考研英語難說,在語法的構(gòu)造上有其自身的特點(diǎn),實(shí)際上在很大程度上就是對長、難句的理解,所以語法的學(xué)習(xí)要和長、難句的理解相互結(jié)合起來。這樣我們才能做到有的放矢,各個擊破考研英語中的語法難點(diǎn),為順暢解題做好鋪墊。
一、 虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想,而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí),所說的是一個條件,不一定是事實(shí),或與事實(shí)相反。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。第二點(diǎn):動詞的時態(tài)。考研中的虛擬語氣一般會出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解中。是閱讀理解中的一個考點(diǎn)。
Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
這是個含有同位語從句的復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句的謂語動詞由would+動詞原形be構(gòu)成。
參考譯文:這樣的行為被認(rèn)為“完全是人類獨(dú)有的特點(diǎn)”,其潛在的含義是其它動物沒有這種敏銳的委屈感。
二、 省略
省略句是英語的一種習(xí)慣用法。按照語法的分析,句子應(yīng)該具備的成分,有時出于修辭上的需要,在句中并不出現(xiàn),這種句子叫做省略句(elliptical sentences,這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為“省略”(ellipsis or leaving words out。其特點(diǎn)是:雖然省去句子語法構(gòu)造所需要的組成部分,但仍能表達(dá)其完整的意義。省略形式多樣,從單詞、短語到分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的銜接關(guān)系,不容臆斷。省略一般出現(xiàn)在翻譯中,在翻譯的時候,一定要把省略的部分翻譯出來,否則會扣分的
Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.
參考譯文:如果這些問題得不到解決,研究行為的.技術(shù)**就會繼續(xù)受到排斥,解決問題的唯一方式不能也隨之繼續(xù)受到排斥。
分析:很明顯,and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem,是一個省略句,with做狀語一般表示伴隨,這一個分句只有一個狀語加一個名詞結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)不成一個完整的句子。實(shí)際上,與前句相同的成分才會被省略,前一句的謂語部分是:will continue to be rejected. 所以,后一分句補(bǔ)充完整就是:with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected.
三、從句
從句不能單獨(dú)成句,但它也有主語部分和謂語部分,就像一個句子一樣。所不同在于,從句須由一個關(guān)聯(lián)詞(connective)引導(dǎo)。 根據(jù)引導(dǎo)從句為主不同大概可分為:主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句6類。前四類由于主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句及同位語從句在句子的功用相當(dāng)于名詞,所以通稱名詞性從句;定語從句功能相當(dāng)于形容詞,稱為形容詞性從句;而狀語從句功能相當(dāng)于副詞,稱為副詞性從句。狀語從句還可以分為條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句和時間狀語從句。在翻譯的時候,它會成為一個考點(diǎn),所在在做題的時候,一定要辨清它到底是什么從句,正確地翻譯出來。
例如:Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthless”species.
分析:本題中含有兩個并列的同位語從句,that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on“worthless”species.兩個that的內(nèi)容是對前面的evidence進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明或解釋。
英語語法總結(jié)3
1.由關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, whose, that, which; 關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why 引導(dǎo)。
。ㄏ旅媸畟句子請讀5遍并脫口譯出!)
e.g.1. The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week.
2. The man (whom) you spoke to just now is my friend.
3. The building whose lights are on is beautiful.
4. Please find a place which we can have a private talk in.
5. The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
6. He still remembers the day when he went to school.
7. It is no need telling us the reason why you didnt finish it in time.
8. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war.
9. Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English.
10. In the Sunday paper there are comics, which children enjoy.
2.只能用that和who引導(dǎo)的定語從句
A.all, nothing, anything, a few, one做先行詞指物時
B.先行詞前有形容詞最高級修飾時,后面常跟that而不是which
C.先行詞前有 the only, the first, the last, the next, the very等詞修飾時,引導(dǎo)詞只能用that
D.當(dāng)先行詞是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody時,后面要用who或whom
e.g. All that glitters is not gold. 閃光的并非都是金子。
3.as 引導(dǎo)定語從句
A.引導(dǎo)限制性語從句。
在此類定語從句中,as常與主語中作為其先行詞的such, the same或as聯(lián)用構(gòu)成,"such... as","the same... as"和"as ...as"句型,可代替先行詞。
e.g. We hope to get such a tool as he is using. 我們希望得到他正在用的那種工具。
B.as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,作用與which相同,as作為關(guān)系代詞代替整個主句。
(這是語法考試的一個考點(diǎn)。)
注意區(qū)別:
as 引導(dǎo)的從句用于句首、句中或句后,而which引導(dǎo)的定語從句不能放在句首。
e.g. As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.
據(jù)報(bào)道,一個外國**團(tuán)將訪問這個城市。
英語語法五大基本句型 (菁選2篇)(擴(kuò)展5)
——高考英語語法考點(diǎn) (菁選2篇)
高考英語語法考點(diǎn)1
1. 語態(tài)和時態(tài)
—Do you see those people on the little sandy island?
—Yes, they _______ handkerchiefs for the last half hour. I wonder why.
A. were waving B. waved C. had waved D. have been waving
【正確答案】D
【高考考點(diǎn)】考查動詞時態(tài),F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時:表示一個從過去某一時刻開始的動作,一直延續(xù)到說話時還在進(jìn)行或剛結(jié)束,句中常出現(xiàn)用for, since, how long等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。e.g. His telephone has been ringing for a long time.e.g. It has been raining since last Sunday. e.g. How long have you been wearing glasses?
【題干句意】“你有沒有看見那些在小島上的人?”“是的,我看見了。他們在過去的半小時里一直在揮手帕,我不知道為什么!
【詳細(xì)解析】這個揮手帕的動作是在半小時前開始的,然后一直在揮,一直揮到了說話的這個時候,所以我們用的.是一個現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時,強(qiáng)調(diào)一個動作的持續(xù)。我們再來看一下其他幾個時態(tài):
A選項(xiàng)是were waving——過去進(jìn)行時,它指的是:①過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行;②過去某一階段正在進(jìn)行;B. waved——過去時,過去某時間發(fā)生的且已完成的動作,所以我們知道A和B這兩個時態(tài)都是和過去有關(guān),而和現(xiàn)在是沒有一點(diǎn)關(guān)系的,所以A和B這兩個答案錯了。
C. had waved——過去完成時:過去某一時刻或某一動作前完成的動作或狀態(tài),那么它所表達(dá)的時候是在過去的過去,例如:e.g. By the end of last year, we had built 5 new schools.到去年年底為止,我們已經(jīng)建造了5所學(xué)校。首先,過去的時間是去年年底;而句子表達(dá)的意思是在去年年底之前,所以我們用過去完成時——had build.和現(xiàn)在是更加沒有聯(lián)系了,所以這個答案也是不正確的。
題干中的時間狀語是“for the last half hour”,注意這個last不是指“最后的”,而是指“剛才的——在剛才的半個小時里”,那么往往呢句中出現(xiàn)last,或者是last half hour、recent這種詞的話,我們一般都會選擇現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時,因?yàn)樗傅氖恰皠偛拧,那么肯定指“從剛才到現(xiàn)在”。所以本題答案是D.
高考英語語法考點(diǎn)2
名詞性從句
The information could be helpful to ____will take over the job.
A. those B. who C. whoever D. anyone
【正確答案】C
【高考考點(diǎn)】考查名詞性從句,顧名思義就是名詞,它可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語和同位語,所以相應(yīng)的名詞性從句也分為有主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。此題考的就是介詞to后的賓語從句。
【題干句意】“這個消息可能會對任何將接管這個工作的人有所幫助。”whoever = anyone who“任何怎么怎么樣的人”所以這個答案是正確的。我們再來看其他幾個答案為什么不對呢?
【詳細(xì)解析】A選項(xiàng)是those,如果those填在這里的話就會變成缺少關(guān)系代詞who,如選those,那those will take over the job“那些人將會取代這個工作”,它就變成了一個**的句子,而不是一個從句,更加就不是一個賓語從句了,所以從原則上說它是錯誤的,那么怎樣改才是正確的呢?很簡單,只要在這個those的后面加一個關(guān)系代詞who,把它變成一個定語從句——those who will take over the job,“那些將要接管這個工作的人”,那么這樣就可以了。
B選項(xiàng)是who在名詞性從句中表示疑問,e.g. Who will take over the job has not been decided yet. D選項(xiàng)是anyone,錯誤的原因也是缺少關(guān)系代詞who.
比較those who和anyone who,前者是“那些……的人”,后者表示“任何……的人”。區(qū)別就是在于those who是一個復(fù)數(shù)的概念,“那些人”,后面的謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù);而anyone who是表示任何一個人,后面要用單數(shù)的謂語動詞。
英語語法五大基本句型 (菁選2篇)(擴(kuò)展6)
——英語基本句型
英語基本句型1
英語的基本句型主要有五種,它們是:
1、主語動詞表語
2、主語動詞
3、主語動詞賓語
4、主語動詞賓語賓語
5、主語動詞賓語補(bǔ)語
掌握好這些基本句型,就可以為靈活運(yùn)用語言打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。下面分別講解這五種句型。
一、主語---動詞----表語
在這一句型中,動詞是系動詞,劃線部分為表語。
1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名詞做表語)
2.Gradualy he became silent.(形容詞做表語)
3.She remained standing for a hour.(現(xiàn)在分詞做表語)
4.The question remained unsolved.(過去分詞做表語)
5.The machine is out of order.(介詞短語做表語)
6.The television was on.(副詞做表語)
7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(動詞不定式做表語)
8.My job is repairing cars.(動名詞做表語)
9.The question is what you want to do.(從句做表語,即:表語從句)
注意:在下面的句子中,形容詞做表語,在表語的后面常常接不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。
I'm happy to meet you.
They are willing to help.
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