簡單定語從句例句
簡單定語從句例句
英語是按照分布面積而言最流行的語言,但母語者數(shù)量是世界第三,僅次于漢語、西班牙語。它是學(xué)習(xí)最廣泛的第二語言,是近60個主權(quán)國家的官方語言或官方語言之一。下面是小編為大家收集的簡單定語從句例句,歡迎閱讀,希望大家能夠喜歡。
定語從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞.定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。
關(guān)系代詞有:who,whom,whose,that,which等.
關(guān)系副詞有:when,where,why等.
1、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致.
1)who,whom,that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個人.(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語,若指物,它還可以同of which互換),例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書.
3)which,that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮.(which / that在句中作賓語)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作賓語)
2、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語.
1)when,where,why
關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when,where,why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了.
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方.
3、判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞.及物動詞后面無賓語,就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞.例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判斷改錯(注:先顯示題,再顯示答案,橫線;用不同的顏色表示 出.)
。ㄥe) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
。▽Γ This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
。▽Γ I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where,when聯(lián)系在一起.此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上.
方法二: 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞.
例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A.where B.that C.on which D.the one
例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A.where B.that C.on which D.the one
答案:例1 D,例2 A
例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分為賓語,而where,that,on which都不能起到賓語的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表語,又可做從句的賓語,可以省略關(guān)系代詞,所以應(yīng)選D.
而句2中,主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn),既可用副詞where,又因 in the museum詞組,可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語.而此題中,介詞on 用的不對,所以選A.
關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時,選擇關(guān)系代詞 (who,whom,that,which,whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語時,應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點(diǎn)狀語,when 時間狀語,why 原因狀語) .
4、限制性和非限制性定語從句
1) 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種.限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明,去掉了也不會影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號分開,例如:
This is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子.(限制性)
The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮,是我們上個月買的.(非限制性)
2) 當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時,其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的,例如:
Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了,他曾經(jīng)是我的老師.
My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園.
This novel,which I have read three times,is very touching.這本小說很動人,我已經(jīng)讀了三遍.
3) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞,對其進(jìn)行修飾,這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù),例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒抓住我的意思,這使我心煩.
Liquid water changes to vapor,which is called evaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@就叫做蒸發(fā).
說明:關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句.
5、介詞+關(guān)系詞 P>
1)介詞后面的`關(guān)系詞不能省略.
2)that前不能有介詞.
3) 某些在從句中充當(dāng)時間,地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換.
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
6、as,which 非限定性定語從句
由as,which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句,as和which可代整個主句,相當(dāng)于and this或and that.As一般放在句首,which在句中.
As we know,smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth,which is very important to us.
典型例題
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss,___came as a surprise.
A.it B.that C.which D.he
答案C.此為非限定性從句,不能用 that修飾,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成為句子,兩個獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號連接.況且選he句意不通.
2)The weather turned out to be very good,___ was more than we could expect.
A.what B.which C.that D.it
答案B.which可代替句子,用于非限定性定語從句,而what不可.That 不能用于非限定性定語從句,it不為連詞,使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通.
3)It rained hard yesterday,____ prevented me from going to the park..
A.that B.which C.as D.it
答案B.
as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,這兩個關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個意思,且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語.但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn):
(1) as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首,而which不可.
(2) as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時,從句中的謂語必須是系動詞;若為行為動詞,則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which..
在本題中,prevent由于是行為動詞,所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B.
As 的用法
例1.the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu),和……一樣…….
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2.as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句,常帶有'正如'.
As we know,smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know,smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是關(guān)系代詞.例1中的as作know的賓語;例2中,它充當(dāng)從句的主語,謂語動詞know要用被動式.
18.7 先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)
18.8 what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything
What you want has been sent here.
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
。ㄥe)Who breaks the law will be punished.
。ㄥe)Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
(對)Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
。▽Γ¦ho robbed the bank is not clear.
3) that 和 what
當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)定語從句時 ,通常用作關(guān)系代詞,而引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時,是個不充當(dāng)任何成分的連接詞.賓語從句和表語從句中的that?墒÷.What只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從 句,用作連接代詞,作從句的具體成分,且不能省略.
I think (that) you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.
18.9 關(guān)系代詞that 的用法
1)不用that的情況
a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時.
(錯) The tree,that is four hundred years old,is very famous here.
b) 介詞后不能用.
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況
a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which.
b) 在不定代詞,如:anything,nothing,the one,all,much,few,any,little等作先行詞時,只用that,不用which.
c) 先行詞有the only,the very修飾時,只用that.
d) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時,只用that..
e) 先行詞既有人,又有物時.
舉例:
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油問題.
Finally,the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察.
拓展閱讀:
簡單定語要點(diǎn)
定語從句在初中英語中的重要性主要體現(xiàn)在完形、閱讀和寫作中,因此,能否較好的掌握定語從句直接關(guān)系到你英語成績的拔高。其實(shí),定語從句并不難.
一.定語從句的概念
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
二.引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞
引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關(guān)系副詞包括where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。
三.定語從句的分類
根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去。非限制性定語從句與主句之間有逗號分開,起補(bǔ)充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四.關(guān)系代詞的用法
1.that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(that作賓語)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主語、賓語或表語。作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.
位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.
我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom。who和whom作賓語時也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?
正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)
注意:
。1)當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who,whom,that, which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時,只能用介詞+which/whom結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.
這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。
。2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for.
這就是你要找的那個人。
(3)that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.
她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。
。4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況:
a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一個通過考試的人。
b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞指物時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?
c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.
這就是我丟的那輛自行車。
d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying?
正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?
f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which,例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本書是湯姆的。
。5)關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:
a.先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Whats that which is under the desk?
在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?
b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時,which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives.
這是他居住的房間。
c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞指事物時,用which, 而不用that,例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy.
湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。
五.關(guān)系副詞的用法
1.when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,when在定語從句中作時間狀語。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.
這是他到達(dá)的時間。
2.where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),where在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。例如:
This is place where he works.
這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。
3.why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,why在定語從句中做原因狀語。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。
好啦,關(guān)于定語從句,你學(xué)會了嗎?
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