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句子的讀音怎么拼讀(句的拼音怎么拼讀)

句子的讀音怎么拼讀

按照句子的用途句子的讀音怎么拼讀,英語句子可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。按照句子的結(jié)構(gòu),英語句子可分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。中考對(duì)句子的考查主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面句子的讀音怎么拼讀

1. 陳述句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法;

2. 祈使句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法;

3. 一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法;

4. 由what, how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的構(gòu)成形式、用法及區(qū)別

對(duì)于各種從句的用法我們?cè)诤竺娣謩e復(fù)習(xí)。

一. 陳述句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法

1. 陳述句句子的讀音怎么拼讀

   陳述句是用來陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)或表達(dá)說話人看法(包括肯定和否定)的句子。通常用降調(diào),句末用句號(hào)“.”。

  Tom has a new car.

  The flower isn’t beautiful.

2. 陳述句否定式的構(gòu)成

  (1) 如果肯定陳述句的謂語部分含有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞be,則只需在這些動(dòng)詞后加not即可構(gòu)成否定式。

He is playing the guitar.(肯定)

He is not playing the guitar.(否定)

We can get there before dark.(肯定)

We can’t get thee before dark.(否定)

  (2) 如果陳述句的謂語動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,而其中又沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞時(shí),則需根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)在該實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前加don’t, doesn’t或didn’t。同時(shí)把該實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵巍?/p>

He plays the violin well.(肯定)

He doesn’t play the violin well.(否定)

She won the game.(肯定)

She didn’t win the game.(否定)

(3) 如果句子是there be結(jié)構(gòu)或謂語動(dòng)詞是have(有),除了be和have之后加not之外,句中如果有some要變?yōu)閍ny。例如:

There is some water in the cup. →There is not any water in the cup.

He has some books. →He has not any books.

(4) 除not以外,否定詞no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可構(gòu)成否定句。例如:

There is something wrong with his bike. →There is nothing wrong with his bike.

I have seen the film. →I have never seen the film.

二. 祈使句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法

祈使句是用來表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議、號(hào)召等的句子,謂語動(dòng)詞用原形,句末用感嘆號(hào)“!”或句號(hào)“.”。朗讀時(shí)一般用降調(diào)。

1. 肯定的祈使句:

(1)祈使句主語是you時(shí),you常省略,但如果要特別強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)方或表達(dá)某種強(qiáng)烈的情緒時(shí)可以有主語或稱呼語。

Be quiet.

You be quiet!

(2)“Do+祈使句”表示一種強(qiáng)烈的感情或請(qǐng)求,do起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。

Do come back at once!

Do be careful.

(3)please用在祈使句中可以表示一種客氣的語氣,但please用在句末時(shí),必須用逗號(hào)與其余部分分開。

Open the window, please.

(4)Let引導(dǎo)祈使句時(shí),后面需跟上人稱代詞或稱呼語,人稱代詞一般只用第一、第三人稱。

Let Jack wait a minute.

Let’s go to school.

(5)在祈使句中,Let’s和 Let us是有區(qū)別的。Let’s包括說話者,而Let us不包括聽話者在內(nèi)。這點(diǎn)從反意疑問句時(shí)可明顯看出。

Let’s go skating, shall we?(表示內(nèi)部的建議)

Let us try again, will you?(表示向別人發(fā)出請(qǐng)求)

2. 否定祈使句通常以Don’t或Never開頭。其結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:“Don’t(Never)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分” 例如:

Don’t do that again!

Never leave today’s work for tomorrow!

Don’t be late next time!

三. 一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法

1. 一般疑問句:

(1)一般疑問句的肯定形式

一般疑問句一般是指以助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞或have(有)開始,通常要求以yes,或no來回答的疑問句,一般疑問句讀時(shí)通常用升調(diào)。

Do you know Mr. Smith?

Can you swim?

(2)一般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)

① 在一般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)中,把副詞not放在一般疑問句的主語之后。但如果用not的簡(jiǎn)略形式-n’t,則須將-n’t與一般疑問句句首的be, have,助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞寫在一起。在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中,一般都采用簡(jiǎn)略式。

Are you not a football fan?

Aren’t you a football fan?

Will she not like it?

Won’t she like it?

② 與漢語不同的是,英語一般疑問句否定結(jié)構(gòu)的答語是否定還是肯定,全由答語的否定或肯定來決定。若答語是肯定的,則用yes加肯定結(jié)構(gòu);若答語是否定的,則用no加否定結(jié)構(gòu)。

Aren’t you a football fan? 你不是足球迷嗎?

Yes, I am.

No, I am not.

Won’t she like it?

Yes, she will.

  No, she won’t.

2. 特殊疑問句

特殊疑問句由“疑問代詞或疑問副詞+一般疑問句”構(gòu)成,句子一般用倒裝語序,但如果主語是疑問代詞或由疑問代詞修飾時(shí),用陳述句的語序。特殊疑問句不能用yes或no回答,讀時(shí)用降調(diào)。例如:

Who is on duty today?

How long have you been in Beijing?

What time do you get up every morning?

What must I do now?

常用的特殊疑問句

詢問內(nèi)容

疑問詞或句型

例 句

回 答

職業(yè),身份

what

What is your father?

He is a doctor.

姓名或關(guān)系

who

Who is that boy?

He is Jack.

He is my brother

相貌特征

what…like?

What is she like?

What does she look like?

She is beautiful.

目的

what…for?

What did they come here for?

To attend a meeting.

原因

why

Why did they come here?

Because they have a meeting to attend.

天氣

how

what…like?

How is the weather today?

What is the weather like today?

It’s fine.

顏色

what color…?

What dolor is her skirt?

It’s red.

服裝尺寸

what size

What size does he wear?

He wars 40.

幾點(diǎn)鐘

what time

What time is it?

It’s 7:30.

星期幾

what day

What day is today?

It’s Tuesday.

幾號(hào),日期

what is the date…?

What is the date today?

It’s May 2.

年齡(多大)

how old

How old is he?

He is 38.

持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間(多久)

how long

How long have you been here?

For five months.

長(zhǎng)度(多長(zhǎng))

how long

How long is the bridge?

It’s 500 metres.

距離(多遠(yuǎn))

how far

How far is it from here to the zoo?

It’s 6 kilometres.

頻度

(多經(jīng)常)

how often

How often do you come back?

Once a week.

時(shí)間經(jīng)過

(多快)

how soon

How soon will she arrive?

In an week.

數(shù)量

(多少)

how many(可數(shù)名詞)

how much(不可數(shù)名詞)

How many jackets do you have?

How much coffee do you want?

Three.

Two cups.

價(jià)格

how much

How much is it?

How much does it cost?

Five dollars.

高度

(多高)

how tall(人,樹)

how high(山,建筑物)

How tall is she?

How high is the tower?

She’s 1.73 metres.

It’s 450 metres.

3. 選擇疑問句:

選擇疑問句是說話者提出兩種或兩種以上的不同情況,讓對(duì)方選擇回答的疑問句。其結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問句+選擇部分”。選擇部分由or連接,or前面的部分讀升調(diào),or后面的部分讀降調(diào)。

選擇疑問句不能用yes或no回答,而必須具體的選擇答復(fù)。

Is your bag yellow or black? It’s black.。

Would you like some tea or coffee? Either will do.。

Which do you like better, singing or dancing? I like dancing better.

4. 反意疑問句:

反意疑問句是指在陳述句之后附加一個(gè)意思與之相反的簡(jiǎn)短問句,問對(duì)方是否贊同的疑問句。附加問句的否定式必須縮寫。

(1)肯定的陳述句后跟否定的附加問句,否定的陳述句后跟肯定的附加問句。

I am your teacher, aren’t I?

He didn’t study hard, did he?

(2)如果陳述句中含有否定副詞never(從不,決不),hardly(幾乎不)或其他表示否定代詞或形容詞,如nothing, none no one, nobody, neither, few, little等,則附加問句只能用肯定式。如:

They hardly write to each other, do they?

He has found nothing, has he?

Few people knew the secret, did they?

(3)當(dāng)反意疑問句是“否定陳述句+肯定附加問句”時(shí),英語與漢語的回答習(xí)慣存在差異。英語回答時(shí)只看實(shí)際情況,若答語的具體內(nèi)容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定結(jié)構(gòu)”,答語的具體內(nèi)容是否定的就用“No+否定結(jié)構(gòu)”,而譯成漢語時(shí),則必須把yes譯“不是”,把no譯成“是的”。

---You won’t be away for long, will you? 你不會(huì)離開太久,是嗎?

   ---Yes, I will.不,我會(huì)離開很久。

---No, I won’t.是的,我不會(huì)離開很久。

   ---I don’t think she’ll come by bike, will she? 我認(rèn)為她不會(huì)騎自行車,會(huì)嗎?

   ---Yes, she will.不,她會(huì)騎自行車來。

---No, she won’t.是的,她不會(huì)騎自行車來。

四. 由what, how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的構(gòu)成形式、用法及區(qū)別

  感嘆句是表示喜、怒、哀、樂以及驚異等感情的句子。句末用感嘆號(hào)“!”,讀時(shí)用降調(diào),感嘆句往往由what或how引導(dǎo),what修飾名詞,how修飾形容詞,副詞或動(dòng)詞。

1. what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句:

。1)what + a/an +形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+陳述句(主語+謂語)

   What a beautiful city it is!

   What an interesting story she told!

。2)what+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+陳述句(主語+謂語)

   What expensive watches they are!

   What terrible weather it is!

2.How引導(dǎo)的感嘆句:

。1)How+形容詞/副詞+陳述句(主語+謂語)

   How cold it is!

  How hard he works!

 (2)How+陳述句(主語+謂語)

   How he loves his son!   

How I miss you!

。3)How+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+陳述句(主語+謂語)

   How tall a tree it is!

(4)上述兩種感嘆句可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換。例如:

What a clever boy he is!→How clever the boy is!

What a cold day it is!→How cold it is!

【中考試題范例】

1. (上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題)

_________ useful computer it is!

A. What B. What a C. What an D. How

答案:B。該題考查的是感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)。這個(gè)感嘆句的中心詞是一單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞computer, 所以要用what來修飾,又因?yàn)閡seful第一個(gè)發(fā)音是輔音,what之后的不定冠詞用a,而不用an。

2. (嘉興市中考試題)

---________ is it from Jiaxing to Hangzhou?

---I’m not sure, but it takes about ninety minutes to get there by bus.

A. How many B. How often C. How much D. How far

答案:D。該題考查的是特殊疑問句疑問詞的選擇。問話者是在問距離,所以應(yīng)用how far來提問。

3. (河北省中考試題)

---_______ will it take us to get there by bus?

---About two hours.

A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How quick

答案:C。該題考查的是特殊疑問句疑問詞的選擇。問話者是在問時(shí)間,所以應(yīng)用how long來提問。

4. (長(zhǎng)沙市中考試題)

---Help! There is a snake near the house.

---________ afraid. It will go away later.

A. Don’t B. Not C. Don’t be D. Be

答案:C。該題考查的是祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)。祈使句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是:“Don’t(Never)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分” 符合這一要求的只有C。

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