英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之主謂一致總結(jié) (菁選2篇)
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之主謂一致總結(jié)1
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常用單數(shù)(即遵循語(yǔ)法一致的原則)：
Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那兒玩。
More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一個(gè)學(xué)生考試未及格。
2. each 用于復(fù)數(shù)名詞后作同位語(yǔ)
此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)：
They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他們每人都有一本英漢詞典。
The young people each carry a big bag. 這些年輕人個(gè)個(gè)背著一個(gè)大袋子。
3. 主語(yǔ)后接in addition to, with, along with, together with, except, but等介詞
其后的動(dòng)詞形式取決介詞前主語(yǔ)：
Nothing but trees was to be seen. 除了樹(shù)木之外什么也看不見(jiàn)。
No one except my parents knows anything about this. 除我父母外沒(méi)人知道此事。
Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同學(xué)都看過(guò)這部電影。
4. means作主語(yǔ)
名詞means(方法)單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)同形，用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)要視具體含義而定(尤其注意其前的修飾語(yǔ))：
These means are very good. 這些方法很好。
Such a means is really unpleasant. 這樣的方法確實(shí)是令人不愉快。
若沒(méi)有特定的修飾語(yǔ)或語(yǔ)境，則用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)均可：
There is [are] no good means. 沒(méi)有好的方法。
Are [Is] there any other means of doing it? 做這事還有其他的什么辦法嗎?
初中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)口訣：初中英語(yǔ)初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)口訣
“順口溜”的特有韻律會(huì)使抽象、煩瑣的詞語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、規(guī)則化難為易，便于記憶，增強(qiáng)了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情和學(xué)習(xí)信心，學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)會(huì)直線上升，有的記憶深刻，甚至?xí)K生難忘。
如：
1.最初的簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞的學(xué)習(xí)。
來(lái)是come，去是go。點(diǎn)頭yes，搖頭no。再見(jiàn)要用goodbye，謝謝要說(shuō)thank you。
2.關(guān)于Be的用法：BTH
我用am，你用 are，is用在他、她、它，凡是復(fù)數(shù)都用are。不能錯(cuò)來(lái)，不能差。
3.關(guān)于冠詞的使用：BTH
不見(jiàn)原因(元音)，別施恩(n)。
4.不用冠詞的部分情況：BTH
季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)假日，三餐、球類(lèi)和星期。
5.以-fe結(jié)尾變復(fù)數(shù)只加s的單詞：
gulf roof chief serf blief proof handkerchief
海灣邊，屋頂上，首領(lǐng)奴仆兩相望，誰(shuí)說(shuō)他們無(wú)信仰，證據(jù)寫(xiě)在手帕上。
6.復(fù)習(xí)以-f (e)結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)：
leaf half self wife knife shelf wolf
thief
樹(shù)葉半數(shù)自己黃，妻子拿刀去割糧，
架后竄出一只狼，就像**逃命忙。
7.關(guān)于以o 結(jié)尾的單詞變復(fù)數(shù)加es的情況：
Negro hero tomato potato
黑人英雄吃土豆和***。
8.關(guān)于非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：
begin leave go borrow come return join die buy arrive
開(kāi)始離去，借來(lái)還，出生入死，買(mǎi)到家。
9.過(guò)去時(shí)：
過(guò)去時(shí)的句子變化口訣：過(guò)去時(shí)，時(shí)過(guò)去。過(guò)去事態(tài)是否是，過(guò)去時(shí)間是標(biāo)志。否定句很簡(jiǎn)單，did之后not添。疑問(wèn)句也不難，did置于主語(yǔ)前。過(guò)去置于動(dòng)詞前，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需還原。
巧記動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)形式-ed的變化：
(1)變化規(guī)則：動(dòng)詞變化很好記，一般末尾加-ed。如果詞尾e有個(gè)緊跟其后加個(gè)d。輔音字母加y，要y把變i，特殊變化有熟記，保你一定考第一。
(2)讀音規(guī)則：
清(清輔音)讀清[t]，濁讀濁[d]，[t][d]后面讀[id]。
10.關(guān)于基數(shù)詞的書(shū)寫(xiě)：
基數(shù)詞不難記，12以?xún)?nèi)詞各異，13數(shù)到19級(jí)，teen莫丟棄。20、30到90， 尾隨ty是整十，說(shuō)到幾使幾，中有 “—”要強(qiáng)記，遇到整百要警惕。
11.關(guān)于基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞：
基變序，有規(guī)律，123肩靠肩。8去e，9去t， ve要用f替，輔(音)后y， y→ie，th結(jié)尾莫大意，若遇數(shù)字幾十幾，只變個(gè)位就可以。
12.修飾名詞的大致詞序排列：
(A.)美圓小舊黃，法國(guó)木書(shū)房�！懊馈� **描述性的詞， “圓”**形狀， “小” **大小， “舊” **新舊、年齡， “黃” **顏色， “法國(guó)” **產(chǎn)地 “木” **質(zhì)地 “書(shū)” **名詞性定語(yǔ)說(shuō)明用途。如：
(1*.)The first beautiful little white Chinese stone bridge.
第一座美麗的*小白石橋。
(2*.)A tall intelligent young Chinese officer.
一個(gè)聰慧的個(gè)子很高的年輕的*軍官。
(B.)或者用：
縣官行令，殺國(guó)才;植樹(shù)苗，大新顏。
縣(限定詞)官(冠詞)行(形容詞)令(表年齡的詞)，殺國(guó)(表產(chǎn)地的詞)才(材料);植(指示代詞)樹(shù)(數(shù)詞)苗(描述性的詞)，大(表大小的詞)新(表新舊的詞)顏(表顏色的詞)。
如：
(1*.)A few new major urban highways.
幾條新的主要城區(qū)公路。
(2*.)Some sour green eating apple.
一些酸綠的食用蘋(píng)果。
13.關(guān)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用：
動(dòng)作誰(shuí)做的不知道，說(shuō)出誰(shuí)做沒(méi)必要。
接受動(dòng)作要強(qiáng)調(diào)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)最為妙。
14.關(guān)于五種簡(jiǎn)單句：
英語(yǔ)句子萬(wàn)萬(wàn)千，五大句型把線牽。
句子中間為動(dòng)詞，后接語(yǔ)是關(guān)鍵。
系動(dòng)詞后接表語(yǔ)，vi獨(dú)身無(wú)牽連。
vt又可分三類(lèi)，單賓雙賓最常見(jiàn)。
15.雙元音也好背，合口集中八個(gè)位。
輔音共計(jì)二十八，七濁一清又八對(duì)。
四個(gè)連對(duì)也包括，有氣無(wú)聲清輔音。
有聲無(wú)氣濁輔音，發(fā)音特點(diǎn)應(yīng)掌握。
16. 使役動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)省略“to”的特殊動(dòng)詞：
一些動(dòng)詞要掌握，一聽(tīng)hear,二看see watch三感覺(jué)feel， make let help[2],再加動(dòng)詞不帶to,help是個(gè)兩面派，其他動(dòng)詞非這塊。還可以掌握“八字言”一感feel,二聽(tīng)hear, listen to, 三讓have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch 后只接動(dòng)名詞。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之主謂一致總結(jié)2
在英語(yǔ)中，為了避免重復(fù)，句子中的某些部分經(jīng)常省略，給考生的理解增加了困難。現(xiàn)對(duì)省略現(xiàn)象總結(jié)如下:
一、并列復(fù)合句中某些相同成分的省略。
1. This beeper works well，but that one doesnt (work well).
這個(gè)尋呼機(jī)工作正常，但那個(gè)就不行。
2. All uranium atoms do not have the same atomic weight. Some of them weigh 234 units，some (of them) (weigh) 235 units，and some (of them) (weigh) 238 units.所有的鈾原子并非都有相同的原子量。***的重234，有的重235，而有的重238。
二、在when，while，if，as if，though(或although)，as，until，once，wheth er，unless，where等連詞連接的狀語(yǔ)從句中，常省略跟主句相同的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。
1. When (water is) pure，water is a colorless liquid.
水純凈時(shí)，是無(wú)色的液體。
2. When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help.
我困難時(shí)總是找她幫助。
3. Errors，if any，should be corrected.
如果有什么錯(cuò)誤，就應(yīng)當(dāng)改正。(if后省略了there are)
4. Wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning.
木頭燃燒時(shí)，它放出很多煙。
5. The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for.
這封信留在這里待領(lǐng)。
6. Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something.
亨利向四周環(huán)視，似乎在尋找什么。
7. She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak.
她盡管體弱，但學(xué)習(xí)仍十分努力。
三、當(dāng)見(jiàn)到“when (或if，where，wherever，whenever，as soon as，as fast a s，than等)+possible/necessary等”時(shí)，可理解中間省略了it is(或was)。
1. Answer these questions，if (it is) possible without referring to the book.
如果有可能，請(qǐng)不看書(shū)回答這些問(wèn)題。
2. When (it is) necessary you can help us to do something.
必要時(shí)你可以幫助我們做些事。
四、有形式主語(yǔ)it的主語(yǔ)從句可省略that。
1. It seems (或appears) (that) Joe is out，not Jack.
外出不在的似乎是喬，不是杰克。
2. It is an honor (that) I was invited to your birthday party.
我很榮幸被邀請(qǐng)參加你的生日聚會(huì)。
3. Its a pity (that) you cant operate a com*r.
很遺憾，你不會(huì)操作計(jì)算機(jī)。
4. It is the third time (that) I have come to China.
這是我第三次來(lái)*。
五、在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞whom，which，that。
1. That is the naughty boy (whom/that) we talked about last week.
那就是我們上周議論的淘氣男孩。
六、在direction(方向)，way(方式)，distance(距離)，time(時(shí)間)，times(倍數(shù))等后面所接的定語(yǔ)從句中常省略that，which，in which。
1. The direction (in which) we move a body can be changed.
我們移動(dòng)物體的`方向是可以改變的。
2. The distance (which或that) light travels in one second is 300，000 kilometers.
光每秒走的距離是30萬(wàn)公里。
七、以there be開(kāi)頭的句子，其主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句常可省略關(guān)聯(lián)詞，而there be結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，省略作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞。
1. There is a chance Dr. Li will be able to be back for May Day.
李博士也許有機(jī)會(huì)能回來(lái)過(guò)五一節(jié)。
2. We have to make a list of all the books there are on the subject. 我們必須把所有關(guān)于這個(gè)題目的書(shū)列出一個(gè)單子。
八、命令句、驚嘆句、部分第一人稱(chēng)的陳述句、部分問(wèn)句和答句中省略最為常見(jiàn)。
1. Open the door!開(kāi)門(mén)!
2. Why not?為什么不?
3. Why so?為什么這樣?
4. Anybody wishing to go?誰(shuí)愿意去啊?
九、用so，not或其它**來(lái)省略上文或問(wèn)句中的一部分或整個(gè)句義。
1.—Can Emily do this work?
埃米莉能做這件工作嗎?
—I think so.
我想她行。
—I think not (或I dont think so).
我想她不行。
2.—Did you know anything about it?
這件事你以前知道嗎?
—Not until you told me.
你告訴了我，才知道。
3. He has gone. No one knowsswheres(he has gone).
他走了，誰(shuí)也不知道他去什么地方了。
4. Jenny knows what (is to be done)!
詹妮有辦法!
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之主謂一致總結(jié) (菁選2篇)擴(kuò)展閱讀
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之主謂一致總結(jié) (菁選2篇)（擴(kuò)展1）
——中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主謂一致練習(xí)題及答案3篇
中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主謂一致練習(xí)題及答案1
1. Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.
A. were B. is C. was D. are
2. Two days _______enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.
A. isn’t B. is C. are’t D. are
3. —How many lessons do you usually haver a day?
—Six lessons a day. And each of then _____45 minutes.
A. last B. lasts C. have D. are
4. Neither Liping nor I _______a basketball player.
A. am B. is C. be D. are
5. There ______ many new words in lesson one,It is very easy.
A. is B. aren’t C. isn’t D. are
6. The number of the students in our school ____1200.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
7. Maths _______ my favourite subject.
A. be B. is C. am D. are
8. The boy with the two dogs _____ when the earthquake rocked the city.
A. were sleeping B. is sleeping
C. was sleeping D. are asle
9. Every one except Tom and John _____there when the meeting began.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
10. That place is not interesting at all, ____of us wants to go there.
A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some
11. Nobody but Jane _____ the secret.
A. know B. knows C. have know D. is
12. —What’s on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it?
—There _____some eggs and cakes on it.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
13. This pair of glasses ______mine.
A. are B. be C. is D. will be
14. Both Lily and Lucy ______ to the party yesterday.
A. invited B. was invited
C. had invited D. were invirted
15. —Two months ______quite a long time.
—Yes, I’m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
16. In the city the old _______.
A. take good care of B. are taken good care of
C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of
17. His family _____all very kind and friendly, His family ______a happy one.
A. are,is B. is,is C. are,are D. is,are
18. The singer and the dancer _____come to Beijing.
A. has B. have C. are D. is
19. The children in this class each _____new school bag.
A. have B. has C. has got D. are having
20. All but one _____ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
21. If Bob's wife won't agree to go on holiday in winter, .
A.neither he will B. neither won't he
C. neither will he D. he won't neither
22. I haven't finished my homeworked yet.
A. so has he B. Neither he has C. He has too D. He hasn't either
23. “I'm going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow.” “ .”
A. I am so B. So am I C. So go I D. So I go
24. You as well as he to blame(責(zé)備) for the accident(交通事故).
A. are B. is C. have D. has
25. Neither my wife nor I myself able to teach my daughter to sing English songs.
A. has been B. is C. are D. am
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之主謂一致總結(jié) (菁選2篇)（擴(kuò)展2）
——基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)中主謂一致的用法3篇
基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)中主謂一致的用法1
在“副詞here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away等、作狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)或分詞短語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由動(dòng)詞后面的主語(yǔ)決定。如：
On the wall hang two maps. 墻上掛著兩張地圖。
On the wall hangs a world of map. 墻上掛著一張世界地圖。
Here is your coat. 這是你的外套。
Here are your running-shoes. 這是你的`跑鞋。
Such is the result. 結(jié)果就是這樣。
Such are the results. 這就是結(jié)果。
基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)中主謂一致的用法2
1. 就近型：由or, either…or, neither…or, not… but…, not only…but also等連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)通常要與靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：
Neither you nor he is tired. 你和他都沒(méi)累。
Not you but I am to blame. 不是你的錯(cuò)而是我的錯(cuò)。
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 不是我父親就是我兄弟要來(lái)。
2. 就遠(yuǎn)型：由as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than 等連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)通常與前面一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：主謂一致
The son, as well as his parents, wants to go there. 不但兒子想去那兒，而且他的父母也想去。
3. 復(fù)數(shù)型：由and和both……and連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)總是用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
(Both) New York and London have traffic problems. 紐約和倫敦都存在交通問(wèn)題。
注：當(dāng)由and連接的兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)受each, every, no的修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。另外，當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)的詞語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人或事物時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)也要用單數(shù)。如：
Every man and woman wants to join it. 每個(gè)男女都想加入它.
A teacher and poet visited our school the other day. 早幾天一位教師詩(shī)人參觀了我們學(xué)校。
基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)中主謂一致的用法3
)當(dāng)there be 句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
2)當(dāng)either… or… 與neither… nor， 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo)，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。
Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之主謂一致總結(jié) (菁選2篇)（擴(kuò)展3）
——英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)主謂一致 (菁選2篇)
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)主謂一致1
1.主語(yǔ)是he ,she, it, either, neither, each, anything, something, everything, nothing, someone, everyone, anyone, nobody, no one, 等代詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Someone is asking for you. 有人在找你。
Everyone is here. 大家都來(lái)了。
Each of the boys has an apple.
2. 表示總稱(chēng)意義的名詞people, cattle, police做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Cattle are farmer’s friends.
The policeman is standing at the street corner. The police are searching for him.
3. 主語(yǔ)是：時(shí)間，距離，價(jià)格等名詞，即使是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只用單數(shù)。
Three years passes quickly.
Two meters is not long enough.
4.主語(yǔ)是：clothes, glasses, trousers, shoes, socks, gloves 等名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The trousers are not expensive.
Your socks are over there.
5.主語(yǔ)是：family, class, team, group等名詞時(shí)，如果是作為整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果作為其中一個(gè)個(gè)的成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Our class is made up of ten students.
Our class are working very hard.
6. 主語(yǔ)是the number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，表示……的數(shù)目，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。但是主語(yǔ)是a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，表示許多，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The number of students in our school is large.
A number of students in our school are from America.
7.and 連接的兩個(gè)成對(duì)的名詞：fork and knife, bread and butter, coffee and water等，表示單一的概念，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Where is youe fork and knife?
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
8. and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞若是指同一個(gè)人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The teacher and writer is my uncle.
The teacher and the writer are coming to us now.
9. and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞前分別有every, each, many a修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Every boy and every girl enjoys themselves in the school.
Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting.
10. 主語(yǔ)是：many a +名詞單數(shù)；a +名詞單數(shù)+or two，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Many a student is interested in English. 很多學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)感興趣。
A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad. 一兩個(gè)工人將被派往**去工作。
11. 主語(yǔ)是：one or two+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
One or two spelling mistakes have been found in your composition.
12. One and a half+名詞復(fù)數(shù)做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
One and a half bananas is left on the table.
13.either…or…, neither… nor…, not only…but also…等連接名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循就近原則。
Neither you nor he is right.
14.主語(yǔ)是：介詞with, together with, except, besides, as well as, but等連接的兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與介詞前面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。
The teacher with his students is discussing a question. 老師和學(xué)生們?cè)谟懻搯?wèn)題。
Nothing but cars is sold in the shop.
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法經(jīng)典例題8：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞例題
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。為大家整理了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.
A. enter B. to enter
C. entering D. entered
【陷阱】容易誤選A。有的同學(xué)一看到空格前的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could 就斷定此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形 enter。
【分析】其實(shí)正確答案應(yīng)是B。此句為省略句，即在 could 后省略了動(dòng)詞 do，若把句子補(bǔ)完整應(yīng)為Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短語(yǔ)(to enter a good college)是用作目的狀語(yǔ)的，而不是與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(could)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏搭?lèi)似例句：
(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他們盡量安慰她。
(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他們盡一切力量拯救她的性命。
(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命學(xué)習(xí)以便趕上他的同學(xué)。
值得指出的是，這也并不是說(shuō)今后只要遇到類(lèi)似結(jié)構(gòu)的題就一定選帶to不定式。請(qǐng)看以下試題：
(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope B. hope
C. hoping D. hoped
此題的答案是 C不是A，其中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ) hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.
A. practise B. to practise
C. practising D. practised
此題答案選 C，這與前面動(dòng)詞 spent 的搭配有關(guān)，即 spend … (in) doing sth。若將此句補(bǔ)充完整，即為 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.
(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could ____D____ his oral English.
A. improve B. to improve
C. improving D. to improving
此題答案選D，注意兩點(diǎn)：一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配，意為“把……貢獻(xiàn)給……”;二是其中的 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞。
2. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.
A. doing B. to do
C. being doing D. to be done
【陷阱】容易誤選B，根據(jù) can’t help doing sth 這一結(jié)構(gòu)推出。
【分析】其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選A。比較以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
can’t help to do sth = 不能幫助做某事
can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事
又如下面一題，答案也是 B：
She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A cleaning B. to clean
C. cleaned D. being cleaned
再請(qǐng)看以下試題：
While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuade B. persuading
C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
此題應(yīng)選C，句中的 can’t help 意為“禁不住”(注意根據(jù)句意用被動(dòng)形式)。
3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.
A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing
C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題最佳答案為B�，F(xiàn)分析如下：
(1) devote 意為“致力于，獻(xiàn)身于”，主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，故后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式。
(2) 選A錯(cuò)誤：若將 do 改為 doing 則可以。
(3) 選B正確：all her time devoted to doing experiments為**主格結(jié)構(gòu)，用作狀語(yǔ)。
(4) 選C錯(cuò)誤：因?yàn)閍ll her time 與 devote 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將devoting改為devoted。
(5) 選D錯(cuò)誤：若單獨(dú)看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并沒(méi)有錯(cuò)，但問(wèn)題是逗號(hào)前后兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句沒(méi)有必要的連接方式，所以從整體上看仍不對(duì)，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，則可選D，或?qū)將中的is 改為 being也可選它。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法經(jīng)典例題800例：虛擬語(yǔ)氣（例題）
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。為大家整理了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
1. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.
A. will show B. would show
C. am going to show D. am showing
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】正確答案選B。根據(jù)上文的語(yǔ)境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個(gè)虛擬的條件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article(要是我沒(méi)忘記我在哪兒讀過(guò)這篇文章的話(huà)——但事實(shí)上忘了)。
2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”
A. He’d better give up drinking
B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much
C. Health is more important than drink
D. I wonder why he is always doing so
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選，主要是受句中 drunk 一詞的影響。
【分析】最佳答案為D。關(guān)鍵信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，句子既然用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也就是說(shuō)，“他喝醉了”不是事實(shí)，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D。
3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.”
A. do B. are
C. will D. would
【陷阱】容易誤選A或C。選A者，認(rèn)為前后兩句的動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)應(yīng)一致;選C者，認(rèn)為其后帶有if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句，從語(yǔ)氣上看，主句應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。
【分析】此題最佳答案為D。分析如下：
(1) “so + 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)”是一個(gè)很有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，它表示“……也一樣”時(shí)。如：
He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜歡看電視，我也一樣。
When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 當(dāng)動(dòng)植物消失的時(shí)候，人類(lèi)也會(huì)隨之消失。
(2) 由于空格后的 if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣(這是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案應(yīng)選D。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法經(jīng)典例題800例：強(qiáng)調(diào)句（例題）
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。為大家整理了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. It was we being late B. It was our being late
C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late
【陷阱】此題容易誤選D，認(rèn)為強(qiáng)調(diào)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句 because we were late。
【分析】但實(shí)際上，此題的答案為B，強(qiáng)調(diào)的'是句子主語(yǔ) our being late，此題若還原成非強(qiáng)調(diào)句，即為：
Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
注意，強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)是，若去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu) it is [was]… that…，句子仍然成立;換句話(huà)說(shuō)，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的 that 不能充當(dāng)句子成分。
2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.”
A. it that B. he that
C. it when D. he which
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均可能誤選。
【分析】答案選A，為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式，其相應(yīng)的陳述句形式為：
It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.
比較以下各題，它們也屬?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式：
(1) Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl?
A. since B. as C. that D. he
答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 who，該句實(shí)為類(lèi)似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 這類(lèi)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式(即對(duì)其中的Tom **而得)。
(2) What is it _____ his daughter needs most?
A. what B. which C. that D. if
答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 what，該句實(shí)為類(lèi)似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 這類(lèi)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式(即對(duì)其中的a bike **而得)。
3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.
A. It, careful B. It, carefully
C. He, careful D. He, carefully
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選，但最有可能誤選的可能是A，認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)普通的系表結(jié)構(gòu)，即認(rèn)為第二空要填形容詞作表語(yǔ)。
【分析】其實(shí)，此題是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，其非強(qiáng)調(diào)形式為 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is … that… 的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式強(qiáng)調(diào)其中的狀語(yǔ) very carefully 即為上面一題的題干，所以答案應(yīng)選B。請(qǐng)看下面幾例，也屬?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：
(1) It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.
A. since B. as C. that D. then
答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 when she was about to go to bed 這一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
(2) It may have been at Christmas _____ John gave Mary a handbag.
A. before B. who C. that D. when
答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 at Christmas，其中的動(dòng)詞 be 采用了 may have been 這一較為復(fù)雜的形式。
4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall ______ the students
often have a meeting.”
A. where B. which
C. that D. when
【陷阱】很可能誤選C，認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) in the hall。
【分析】假若選C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，該句的意思是“學(xué)生們通常是在
大廳開(kāi)會(huì)”，單獨(dú)看這一句，無(wú)論是其意思還是其語(yǔ)法均未錯(cuò)，但若將其與上文聯(lián)系起來(lái)看，則不通，因?yàn)樯衔牡囊馑际恰澳闶窃?/p>
哪兒找到昨天作報(bào)告的那位教授的?”假若將答句改為 It was in the hall that I found the professor，則完全可以。
其實(shí)，此題的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 為定語(yǔ)從句，用以修飾其前的名詞 the hall，句意
為“是在學(xué)生們經(jīng)常開(kāi)會(huì)的那個(gè)大廳(找到教授的)”，這樣語(yǔ)意就通順了。
5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.
A. which B. as
C. what D. that
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題為一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，空格處應(yīng)填 that (即選D)，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 what he meant rather than what he said。句意
為“讓我生氣的不是他說(shuō)的話(huà)，而是他話(huà)中的意思”。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏磧衫?/p>
(1) It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.
A. which B. since C. that D. what
答案選C，為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 his nervousness in the interview，句意為“很可能是面試時(shí)表現(xiàn)出緊張，使他失去
了這份工作”。
(2) It is the ability to do the job ______ ******* not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
答案選B，為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 the ability to do the job，句意為“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你來(lái)自何地
或你是從事什么工作的”。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全經(jīng)典例題800例：名詞性從句（例題）
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。為大家整理了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ he said meant.
A. that B. what
C. that that D. what what
【陷阱】可能誤選B。許多同學(xué)一看選項(xiàng)首先就排除了C和D，認(rèn)為這樣兩個(gè)“引導(dǎo)詞”疊用的情況不太可能。在A和B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選項(xiàng)A肯定不行，因?yàn)樗龑?dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能充當(dāng)句子成分，所以便選擇了B。
【分析】正確答案選 D。第一個(gè)what 用作動(dòng)詞 meant 的賓語(yǔ)，第二個(gè)what 用作動(dòng)詞 said 的賓語(yǔ)，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 為主句，what what he said meant 為賓語(yǔ)從句，而在此賓語(yǔ)從句中又包括有 what he said 這樣一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。
2. After _______ had happened he could not continue to work there.
A. which B. how
C. what D. having
【陷阱】可能誤選A。
【分析】最佳答案選 C。有的同學(xué)誤選A，是因?yàn)檎J(rèn)為介詞后應(yīng)接關(guān)系代詞 which，但實(shí)際上，若填關(guān)系代詞，其前沒(méi)有先行詞，這根據(jù)不是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。另外，由于 had happened 缺主語(yǔ)，所以B和D也不能選。請(qǐng)?jiān)僮鱿旅嬉活}(答案選B)：
He pointed to ______ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.”
A. that B. what
C. which D. as
3.“Is ______ you want to say?” asked the teacher.
A. this B. that
C. all that D. that all
【陷阱】根據(jù)中文字面意思誤選A或B。
【分析】最佳答案選 D。假若選A或B，那么轉(zhuǎn)換成陳述句即為：This is you want to say. / That is you want to say. 顯然句中的兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 is與want相沖突。選D組成的句子是 Is that all you want to say? 其中的that 為句子主語(yǔ)，all 為表語(yǔ)，you want to say 為定語(yǔ)從句，用以修飾all。
4. “When ______ leave for Japan?” “When ______ leave for Japan is kept secret.”
A. they will, will they B. will they, they will
C. they will, they will D. will they, will they
【陷阱】可能誤選D，認(rèn)為 when 后應(yīng)用疑問(wèn)句詞序。
【分析】最佳答案選 B。第一個(gè)when引出的是一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句，故用疑問(wèn)詞序;第二個(gè) when 引出的是主語(yǔ)從句，故其后用陳述句詞序。請(qǐng)做以下試題(答案選C)：
(1) None knows if _______ that boy, but if _______ him, her parents will be disappointed.
A. she will marry, she will marry B. she marries, she marries
C. she will marry, she marries D. she marries, she will marry
(2) “Where _______ go to work?” “Where _______ go to work is not known.”
A. we shall, we shall B. shall we, shall we
C. shall we, we shall D. we shall, shall we
5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______.
A. who is he B. who he is
C. who is it D. who it is
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題最佳答案為D。首先可以排除A和C，因?yàn)榭崭裉帉?shí)為一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，所以不能用疑問(wèn)句詞序。另一方面，但按英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，當(dāng)用于指代身份不明的人時(shí)，要用代詞it，而不用 he 或she等。比較以下兩句：
Mr Smith is at the door. He wants to see you. 史密斯先生在門(mén)口，他想見(jiàn)你。
Someone is at the door. It may be the postman. 有個(gè)人在門(mén)口，可能是郵遞員。
第一句因前面指明了是 Mr Smith，所以后面用代詞 he;而第二句因前面用的是不定代詞 someone，說(shuō)明此人身份尚不明確，故其后用了代詞 it 來(lái)指代。
6. Don’t you know, my dear friend, ______ it is your money not you that she loves?
A. who B. which
C. that D. what
【陷阱】此題容易誤選 A或B：選 A 的同學(xué)認(rèn)為這是指人的，故用who;選B的同學(xué)認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，兩者都是誤認(rèn)為這是定語(yǔ)從句(注意沒(méi)有先行詞)。
【分析】其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選C。that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，用作動(dòng)詞 know 的賓語(yǔ)，它只是被句中的插入語(yǔ) my dear friend 隔開(kāi)罷了。請(qǐng)做以下試題(答案均為C)：
(1) Everyone knows, perhaps except you, _______ your girl-friend is a cheat.
A. who B. which
C. that D. what
(2) I think, though I could be mistaken, ______ she liked me.
A. who B. which
C. that D. what
(3) He told me the news, believe it or not, ______ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.
A. that B. which
C. as D. because
前面兩題 that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，后面一題 that同位語(yǔ)從句(修飾the news)。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全：特殊同位語(yǔ)歸納
特殊同位語(yǔ)歸納
當(dāng)兩個(gè)詞或詞組在一個(gè)句子中具有相同的語(yǔ)法地位而且描述相同的人或事物時(shí)，我們稱(chēng)它們?yōu)橥徽Z(yǔ)�；拘问降耐徽Z(yǔ)大家一般不會(huì)出錯(cuò)，但有幾種同位語(yǔ)，或由于本身結(jié)構(gòu)特殊，或由于它修飾的成分結(jié)構(gòu)比較特殊，往往會(huì)引起誤解。現(xiàn)小結(jié)并舉例說(shuō)明如下，希望引起同學(xué)們的注意。
1. 代詞we, us, you等后接同位語(yǔ)
Are you two reading? 你們二人在看書(shū)嗎?
They three joined the school team. 他們3人參加了校隊(duì)。
She has great concern for us students. 她對(duì)我們學(xué)生很關(guān)心。
He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你們男孩子安靜些。
We girls often go to the movies together. 我們女孩子經(jīng)常一起去看電影。
2. 不定式用作同位語(yǔ)
Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下達(dá)了發(fā)起總攻的命令。(to start the general attack與the order同位)
He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一條街走，我在那里接他**車(chē)。(to walk along…與the instruction同位)
3. -ing分詞用作同位語(yǔ)
He's getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一個(gè)開(kāi)卡車(chē)的差事。(driving a track與a job同位)
She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一個(gè)熨衣服的職位。(ironing shirts與a place同位)
The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一個(gè)計(jì)劃是夜襲，被拒絕了。(attacking at night與the first plan同位)
4. 形容詞用作同位語(yǔ)
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou. 目前的交易會(huì)，是有史以來(lái)規(guī)模最大的，正在廣州舉行。
He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他讀了很多書(shū)，古今中外都有。
People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade. 老老少少的人都來(lái)到街頭觀看**。
【注】這類(lèi)同位語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)比較接近，可轉(zhuǎn)換成定語(yǔ)從句。如：
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
5. none of us之類(lèi)的結(jié)構(gòu)用作同位語(yǔ)
We none of us said anything. 我們誰(shuí)也沒(méi)說(shuō)話(huà)。
We have none of us large appetites. 我們誰(shuí)飯量都不大。
They neither of them wanted to go. 他們兩人都不想去。
They've neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence. 他們兩人誰(shuí)也沒(méi)能贏得她的信任。
【注】同位語(yǔ)并不影響其后句子謂語(yǔ)的“數(shù)”，如：
學(xué)生每人都有一本詞典。
正：The students each have a dictionary.
誤：The students each has a dictionary.
請(qǐng)比較下面一句(謂語(yǔ)用了單數(shù)，因?yàn)閑ach為句子主語(yǔ))：
正：Each of the students has a dictionary.
6. 從句用作同位語(yǔ)(即同位語(yǔ)從句)
They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他們?yōu)槟闵“l(fā)愁。
I received a message that she would be late. 我得到的信息說(shuō)她可能晚到。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不實(shí)。
The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong. 你可以不動(dòng)腦筋做此工作的想法是錯(cuò)誤的。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)主謂一致2
1.主語(yǔ)是he ,she, it, either, neither, each, anything, something, everything, nothing, someone, everyone, anyone, nobody, no one, 等代詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Someone is asking for you. 有人在找你。
Everyone is here. 大家都來(lái)了。
Each of the boys has an apple.
2. 表示總稱(chēng)意義的名詞people, cattle, police做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Cattle are farmer’s friends.
The policeman is standing at the street corner. The police are searching for him.
3. 主語(yǔ)是：時(shí)間，距離，價(jià)格等名詞，即使是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只用單數(shù)。
Three years passes quickly.
Two meters is not long enough.
4.主語(yǔ)是：clothes, glasses, trousers, shoes, socks, gloves 等名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The trousers are not expensive.
Your socks are over there.
5.主語(yǔ)是：family, class, team, group等名詞時(shí)，如果是作為整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果作為其中一個(gè)個(gè)的成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Our class is made up of ten students.
Our class are working very hard.
6. 主語(yǔ)是the number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，表示……的數(shù)目，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。但是主語(yǔ)是a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，表示許多，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The number of students in our school is large.
A number of students in our school are from America.
7.and 連接的兩個(gè)成對(duì)的名詞：fork and knife, bread and butter, coffee and water等，表示單一的概念，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Where is youe fork and knife?
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
8. and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞若是指同一個(gè)人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The teacher and writer is my uncle.
The teacher and the writer are coming to us now.
9. and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞前分別有every, each, many a修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Every boy and every girl enjoys themselves in the school.
Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting.
10. 主語(yǔ)是：many a +名詞單數(shù)；a +名詞單數(shù)+or two，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Many a student is interested in English. 很多學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)感興趣。
A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad. 一兩個(gè)工人將被派往**去工作。
11. 主語(yǔ)是：one or two+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
One or two spelling mistakes have been found in your composition.
12. One and a half+名詞復(fù)數(shù)做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
One and a half bananas is left on the table.
13.either…or…, neither… nor…, not only…but also…等連接名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循就近原則。
Neither you nor he is right.
14.主語(yǔ)是：介詞with, together with, except, besides, as well as, but等連接的兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與介詞前面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。
The teacher with his students is discussing a question. 老師和學(xué)生們?cè)谟懻搯?wèn)題。
Nothing but cars is sold in the shop.
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法經(jīng)典例題8：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞例題
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。為大家整理了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.
A. enter B. to enter
C. entering D. entered
【陷阱】容易誤選A。有的同學(xué)一看到空格前的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could 就斷定此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形 enter。
【分析】其實(shí)正確答案應(yīng)是B。此句為省略句，即在 could 后省略了動(dòng)詞 do，若把句子補(bǔ)完整應(yīng)為Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短語(yǔ)(to enter a good college)是用作目的狀語(yǔ)的，而不是與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(could)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏搭?lèi)似例句：
(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他們盡量安慰她。
(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他們盡一切力量拯救她的性命。
(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命學(xué)習(xí)以便趕上他的同學(xué)。
值得指出的是，這也并不是說(shuō)今后只要遇到類(lèi)似結(jié)構(gòu)的題就一定選帶to不定式。請(qǐng)看以下試題：
(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope B. hope
C. hoping D. hoped
此題的答案是 C不是A，其中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ) hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.
A. practise B. to practise
C. practising D. practised
此題答案選 C，這與前面動(dòng)詞 spent 的搭配有關(guān)，即 spend … (in) doing sth。若將此句補(bǔ)充完整，即為 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.
(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could ____D____ his oral English.
A. improve B. to improve
C. improving D. to improving
此題答案選D，注意兩點(diǎn)：一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配，意為“把……貢獻(xiàn)給……”;二是其中的 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞。
2. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.
A. doing B. to do
C. being doing D. to be done
【陷阱】容易誤選B，根據(jù) can’t help doing sth 這一結(jié)構(gòu)推出。
【分析】其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選A。比較以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
can’t help to do sth = 不能幫助做某事
can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事
又如下面一題，答案也是 B：
She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A cleaning B. to clean
C. cleaned D. being cleaned
再請(qǐng)看以下試題：
While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuade B. persuading
C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
此題應(yīng)選C，句中的 can’t help 意為“禁不住”(注意根據(jù)句意用被動(dòng)形式)。
3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.
A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing
C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題最佳答案為B�，F(xiàn)分析如下：
(1) devote 意為“致力于，獻(xiàn)身于”，主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，故后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式。
(2) 選A錯(cuò)誤：若將 do 改為 doing 則可以。
(3) 選B正確：all her time devoted to doing experiments為**主格結(jié)構(gòu)，用作狀語(yǔ)。
(4) 選C錯(cuò)誤：因?yàn)閍ll her time 與 devote 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將devoting改為devoted。
(5) 選D錯(cuò)誤：若單獨(dú)看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并沒(méi)有錯(cuò)，但問(wèn)題是逗號(hào)前后兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句沒(méi)有必要的連接方式，所以從整體上看仍不對(duì)，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，則可選D，或?qū)將中的is 改為 being也可選它。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法經(jīng)典例題800例：虛擬語(yǔ)氣（例題）
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。為大家整理了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
1. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.
A. will show B. would show
C. am going to show D. am showing
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】正確答案選B。根據(jù)上文的語(yǔ)境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個(gè)虛擬的條件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article(要是我沒(méi)忘記我在哪兒讀過(guò)這篇文章的話(huà)——但事實(shí)上忘了)。
2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”
A. He’d better give up drinking
B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much
C. Health is more important than drink
D. I wonder why he is always doing so
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選，主要是受句中 drunk 一詞的影響。
【分析】最佳答案為D。關(guān)鍵信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，句子既然用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也就是說(shuō)，“他喝醉了”不是事實(shí)，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D。
3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.”
A. do B. are
C. will D. would
【陷阱】容易誤選A或C。選A者，認(rèn)為前后兩句的動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)應(yīng)一致;選C者，認(rèn)為其后帶有if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句，從語(yǔ)氣上看，主句應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。
【分析】此題最佳答案為D。分析如下：
(1) “so + 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)”是一個(gè)很有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，它表示“……也一樣”時(shí)。如：
He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜歡看電視，我也一樣。
When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 當(dāng)動(dòng)植物消失的時(shí)候，人類(lèi)也會(huì)隨之消失。
(2) 由于空格后的 if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣(這是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案應(yīng)選D。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法經(jīng)典例題800例：強(qiáng)調(diào)句（例題）
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。為大家整理了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. It was we being late B. It was our being late
C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late
【陷阱】此題容易誤選D，認(rèn)為強(qiáng)調(diào)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句 because we were late。
【分析】但實(shí)際上，此題的答案為B，強(qiáng)調(diào)的'是句子主語(yǔ) our being late，此題若還原成非強(qiáng)調(diào)句，即為：
Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
注意，強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)是，若去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu) it is [was]… that…，句子仍然成立;換句話(huà)說(shuō)，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的 that 不能充當(dāng)句子成分。
2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.”
A. it that B. he that
C. it when D. he which
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均可能誤選。
【分析】答案選A，為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式，其相應(yīng)的陳述句形式為：
It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.
比較以下各題，它們也屬?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式：
(1) Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl?
A. since B. as C. that D. he
答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 who，該句實(shí)為類(lèi)似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 這類(lèi)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式(即對(duì)其中的Tom **而得)。
(2) What is it _____ his daughter needs most?
A. what B. which C. that D. if
答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 what，該句實(shí)為類(lèi)似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 這類(lèi)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式(即對(duì)其中的a bike **而得)。
3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.
A. It, careful B. It, carefully
C. He, careful D. He, carefully
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選，但最有可能誤選的可能是A，認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)普通的系表結(jié)構(gòu)，即認(rèn)為第二空要填形容詞作表語(yǔ)。
【分析】其實(shí)，此題是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，其非強(qiáng)調(diào)形式為 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is … that… 的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式強(qiáng)調(diào)其中的狀語(yǔ) very carefully 即為上面一題的題干，所以答案應(yīng)選B。請(qǐng)看下面幾例，也屬?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：
(1) It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.
A. since B. as C. that D. then
答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 when she was about to go to bed 這一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
(2) It may have been at Christmas _____ John gave Mary a handbag.
A. before B. who C. that D. when
答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 at Christmas，其中的動(dòng)詞 be 采用了 may have been 這一較為復(fù)雜的形式。
4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall ______ the students
often have a meeting.”
A. where B. which
C. that D. when
【陷阱】很可能誤選C，認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) in the hall。
【分析】假若選C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，該句的意思是“學(xué)生們通常是在
大廳開(kāi)會(huì)”，單獨(dú)看這一句，無(wú)論是其意思還是其語(yǔ)法均未錯(cuò)，但若將其與上文聯(lián)系起來(lái)看，則不通，因?yàn)樯衔牡囊馑际恰澳闶窃?/p>
哪兒找到昨天作報(bào)告的那位教授的?”假若將答句改為 It was in the hall that I found the professor，則完全可以。
其實(shí)，此題的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 為定語(yǔ)從句，用以修飾其前的名詞 the hall，句意
為“是在學(xué)生們經(jīng)常開(kāi)會(huì)的那個(gè)大廳(找到教授的)”，這樣語(yǔ)意就通順了。
5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.
A. which B. as
C. what D. that
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題為一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，空格處應(yīng)填 that (即選D)，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 what he meant rather than what he said。句意
為“讓我生氣的不是他說(shuō)的話(huà)，而是他話(huà)中的意思”。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏磧衫?/p>
(1) It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.
A. which B. since C. that D. what
答案選C，為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 his nervousness in the interview，句意為“很可能是面試時(shí)表現(xiàn)出緊張，使他失去
了這份工作”。
(2) It is the ability to do the job ______ * not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
答案選B，為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 the ability to do the job，句意為“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你來(lái)自何地
或你是從事什么工作的”。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全經(jīng)典例題800例：名詞性從句（例題）
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。為大家整理了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ he said meant.
A. that B. what
C. that that D. what what
【陷阱】可能誤選B。許多同學(xué)一看選項(xiàng)首先就排除了C和D，認(rèn)為這樣兩個(gè)“引導(dǎo)詞”疊用的情況不太可能。在A和B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選項(xiàng)A肯定不行，因?yàn)樗龑?dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能充當(dāng)句子成分，所以便選擇了B。
【分析】正確答案選 D。第一個(gè)what 用作動(dòng)詞 meant 的賓語(yǔ)，第二個(gè)what 用作動(dòng)詞 said 的賓語(yǔ)，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 為主句，what what he said meant 為賓語(yǔ)從句，而在此賓語(yǔ)從句中又包括有 what he said 這樣一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。
2. After _______ had happened he could not continue to work there.
A. which B. how
C. what D. having
【陷阱】可能誤選A。
【分析】最佳答案選 C。有的同學(xué)誤選A，是因?yàn)檎J(rèn)為介詞后應(yīng)接關(guān)系代詞 which，但實(shí)際上，若填關(guān)系代詞，其前沒(méi)有先行詞，這根據(jù)不是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。另外，由于 had happened 缺主語(yǔ)，所以B和D也不能選。請(qǐng)?jiān)僮鱿旅嬉活}(答案選B)：
He pointed to ______ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.”
A. that B. what
C. which D. as
3.“Is ______ you want to say?” asked the teacher.
A. this B. that
C. all that D. that all
【陷阱】根據(jù)中文字面意思誤選A或B。
【分析】最佳答案選 D。假若選A或B，那么轉(zhuǎn)換成陳述句即為：This is you want to say. / That is you want to say. 顯然句中的兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 is與want相沖突。選D組成的句子是 Is that all you want to say? 其中的that 為句子主語(yǔ)，all 為表語(yǔ)，you want to say 為定語(yǔ)從句，用以修飾all。
4. “When ______ leave for Japan?” “When ______ leave for Japan is kept secret.”
A. they will, will they B. will they, they will
C. they will, they will D. will they, will they
【陷阱】可能誤選D，認(rèn)為 when 后應(yīng)用疑問(wèn)句詞序。
【分析】最佳答案選 B。第一個(gè)when引出的是一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句，故用疑問(wèn)詞序;第二個(gè) when 引出的是主語(yǔ)從句，故其后用陳述句詞序。請(qǐng)做以下試題(答案選C)：
(1) None knows if _______ that boy, but if _______ him, her parents will be disappointed.
A. she will marry, she will marry B. she marries, she marries
C. she will marry, she marries D. she marries, she will marry
(2) “Where _______ go to work?” “Where _______ go to work is not known.”
A. we shall, we shall B. shall we, shall we
C. shall we, we shall D. we shall, shall we
5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______.
A. who is he B. who he is
C. who is it D. who it is
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題最佳答案為D。首先可以排除A和C，因?yàn)榭崭裉帉?shí)為一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，所以不能用疑問(wèn)句詞序。另一方面，但按英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，當(dāng)用于指代身份不明的人時(shí)，要用代詞it，而不用 he 或she等。比較以下兩句：
Mr Smith is at the door. He wants to see you. 史密斯先生在門(mén)口，他想見(jiàn)你。
Someone is at the door. It may be the postman. 有個(gè)人在門(mén)口，可能是郵遞員。
第一句因前面指明了是 Mr Smith，所以后面用代詞 he;而第二句因前面用的是不定代詞 someone，說(shuō)明此人身份尚不明確，故其后用了代詞 it 來(lái)指代。
6. Don’t you know, my dear friend, ______ it is your money not you that she loves?
A. who B. which
C. that D. what
【陷阱】此題容易誤選 A或B：選 A 的同學(xué)認(rèn)為這是指人的，故用who;選B的同學(xué)認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，兩者都是誤認(rèn)為這是定語(yǔ)從句(注意沒(méi)有先行詞)。
【分析】其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選C。that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，用作動(dòng)詞 know 的賓語(yǔ)，它只是被句中的插入語(yǔ) my dear friend 隔開(kāi)罷了。請(qǐng)做以下試題(答案均為C)：
(1) Everyone knows, perhaps except you, _______ your girl-friend is a cheat.
A. who B. which
C. that D. what
(2) I think, though I could be mistaken, ______ she liked me.
A. who B. which
C. that D. what
(3) He told me the news, believe it or not, ______ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.
A. that B. which
C. as D. because
前面兩題 that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，后面一題 that同位語(yǔ)從句(修飾the news)。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全：特殊同位語(yǔ)歸納
特殊同位語(yǔ)歸納
當(dāng)兩個(gè)詞或詞組在一個(gè)句子中具有相同的語(yǔ)法地位而且描述相同的人或事物時(shí)，我們稱(chēng)它們?yōu)橥徽Z(yǔ)�；拘问降耐徽Z(yǔ)大家一般不會(huì)出錯(cuò)，但有幾種同位語(yǔ)，或由于本身結(jié)構(gòu)特殊，或由于它修飾的成分結(jié)構(gòu)比較特殊，往往會(huì)引起誤解�，F(xiàn)小結(jié)并舉例說(shuō)明如下，希望引起同學(xué)們的注意。
1. 代詞we, us, you等后接同位語(yǔ)
Are you two reading? 你們二人在看書(shū)嗎?
They three joined the school team. 他們3人參加了校隊(duì)。
She has great concern for us students. 她對(duì)我們學(xué)生很關(guān)心。
He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你們男孩子安靜些。
We girls often go to the movies together. 我們女孩子經(jīng)常一起去看電影。
2. 不定式用作同位語(yǔ)
Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下達(dá)了發(fā)起總攻的命令。(to start the general attack與the order同位)
He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一條街走，我在那里接他**車(chē)。(to walk along…與the instruction同位)
3. -ing分詞用作同位語(yǔ)
He's getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一個(gè)開(kāi)卡車(chē)的差事。(driving a track與a job同位)
She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一個(gè)熨衣服的職位。(ironing shirts與a place同位)
The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一個(gè)計(jì)劃是夜襲，被拒絕了。(attacking at night與the first plan同位)
4. 形容詞用作同位語(yǔ)
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou. 目前的交易會(huì)，是有史以來(lái)規(guī)模最大的，正在廣州舉行。
He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他讀了很多書(shū)，古今中外都有。
People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade. 老老少少的人都來(lái)到街頭觀看*。
【注】這類(lèi)同位語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)比較接近，可轉(zhuǎn)換成定語(yǔ)從句。如：
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
5. none of us之類(lèi)的結(jié)構(gòu)用作同位語(yǔ)
We none of us said anything. 我們誰(shuí)也沒(méi)說(shuō)話(huà)。
We have none of us large appetites. 我們誰(shuí)飯量都不大。
They neither of them wanted to go. 他們兩人都不想去。
They've neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence. 他們兩人誰(shuí)也沒(méi)能贏得她的信任。
【注】同位語(yǔ)并不影響其后句子謂語(yǔ)的“數(shù)”，如：
學(xué)生每人都有一本詞典。
正：The students each have a dictionary.
誤：The students each has a dictionary.
請(qǐng)比較下面一句(謂語(yǔ)用了單數(shù)，因?yàn)閑ach為句子主語(yǔ))：
正：Each of the students has a dictionary.
6. 從句用作同位語(yǔ)(即同位語(yǔ)從句)
They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他們?yōu)槟闵“l(fā)愁。
I received a message that she would be late. 我得到的信息說(shuō)她可能晚到。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不實(shí)。
The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong. 你可以不動(dòng)腦筋做此工作的想法是錯(cuò)誤的。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之主謂一致總結(jié) (菁選2篇)（擴(kuò)展4）
——高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法選擇題 (菁選2篇)
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法選擇題1
1) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后不定式與動(dòng)名詞的選擇
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后接不定式還是接動(dòng)名詞也是語(yǔ)法測(cè)試中的一個(gè)題眼。如：
① I don’t mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. you to delay making B. your delaying making
C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make
本題考查動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。句意：只要不是太晚，我不介意你延期做出決定。mind和delay后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。答案為B。
�、� Had I remembered ____ the windows, the thief would not have got in.
A. to close B. closing
C. to have closed D. having closed
remember to do sth.記得去做某事;remember doing /having done sth.記得已做過(guò)某事。本題為虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況。句意：要是我記著去關(guān)窗戶(hù)的話(huà)，小偷就進(jìn)不來(lái)了。答案為A。
�、� Your hair wants ______ . You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut
答案為C。此處want是需要的'意思，和need用法一樣，后接-ing形式，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)意義。
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法選擇題2
作定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇
從近幾年的考查情況來(lái)看，對(duì)作定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查主要有兩種情況：
(1)對(duì)一般概念的考查。如：
The project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city’s telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.
A. accomplished B. being accomplished
C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished
考查不定式作定語(yǔ)。本題中的時(shí)間是2000年底，這是一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明該事情是未來(lái)完成的，故使用不定式表示未來(lái)。答案為C。
(2)對(duì)固定結(jié)構(gòu)的考查。如：
The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his arguments in favor of the new theory.
A. to be based on B. to base on
C. which to base on D. on which to base
此題為不定式作定語(yǔ)的固定形式，答案為D。在英語(yǔ)中有些名詞，如動(dòng)詞變來(lái)的名詞，形容詞變來(lái)的名詞，以及means，way，time，moment，reason等要求其后用不定式作定語(yǔ)，不定式?jīng)]有體的變化。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之主謂一致總結(jié) (菁選2篇)（擴(kuò)展5）
——高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn) (菁選2篇)
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)1
1. 語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)
—Do you see those people on the little sandy island?
—Yes, they _______ handkerchiefs for the last half hour. I wonder why.
A. were waving B. waved C. had waved D. have been waving
【正確答案】D
【高考考點(diǎn)】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)�，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作，一直延續(xù)到說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)還在進(jìn)行或剛結(jié)束，句中常出現(xiàn)用for, since, how long等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。e.g. His telephone has been ringing for a long time.e.g. It has been raining since last Sunday. e.g. How long have you been wearing glasses?
【題干句意】“你有沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)那些在小島上的人?”“是的，我看見(jiàn)了。他們?cè)谶^(guò)去的半小時(shí)里一直在揮手帕，我不知道為什么�！�
【詳細(xì)解析】這個(gè)揮手帕的動(dòng)作是在半小時(shí)前開(kāi)始的，然后一直在揮，一直揮到了說(shuō)話(huà)的這個(gè)時(shí)候，所以我們用的.是一個(gè)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)。我們?cè)賮?lái)看一下其他幾個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)：
A選項(xiàng)是were waving——過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，它指的是：①過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行;②過(guò)去某一階段正在進(jìn)行;B. waved——過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的且已完成的動(dòng)作，所以我們知道A和B這兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)都是和過(guò)去有關(guān)，而和現(xiàn)在是沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)關(guān)系的，所以A和B這兩個(gè)答案錯(cuò)了。
C. had waved——過(guò)去完成時(shí)：過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，那么它所表達(dá)的時(shí)候是在過(guò)去的過(guò)去，例如：e.g. By the end of last year, we had built 5 new schools.到去年年底為止，我們已經(jīng)建造了5所學(xué)校。首先，過(guò)去的時(shí)間是去年年底;而句子表達(dá)的意思是在去年年底之前，所以我們用過(guò)去完成時(shí)——had build.和現(xiàn)在是更加沒(méi)有聯(lián)系了，所以這個(gè)答案也是不正確的。
題干中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是“for the last half hour”，注意這個(gè)last不是指“最后的”，而是指“剛才的——在剛才的半個(gè)小時(shí)里”，那么往往呢句中出現(xiàn)last,或者是last half hour、recent這種詞的話(huà)，我們一般都會(huì)選擇現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，因?yàn)樗傅氖恰皠偛拧�，那么肯定指“從剛才到現(xiàn)在”。所以本題答案是D.
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)2
名詞性從句
The information could be helpful to ____will take over the job.
A. those B. who C. whoever D. anyone
【正確答案】C
【高考考點(diǎn)】考查名詞性從句，顧名思義就是名詞，它可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，所以相應(yīng)的名詞性從句也分為有主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。此題考的就是介詞to后的賓語(yǔ)從句。
【題干句意】“這個(gè)消息可能會(huì)對(duì)任何將接管這個(gè)工作的人有所幫助�！眞hoever = anyone who“任何怎么怎么樣的人”所以這個(gè)答案是正確的。我們?cè)賮?lái)看其他幾個(gè)答案為什么不對(duì)呢?
【詳細(xì)解析】A選項(xiàng)是those，如果those填在這里的話(huà)就會(huì)變成缺少關(guān)系代詞who，如選those，那those will take over the job“那些人將會(huì)取代這個(gè)工作”，它就變成了一個(gè)**的句子，而不是一個(gè)從句，更加就不是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句了，所以從原則上說(shuō)它是錯(cuò)誤的，那么怎樣改才是正確的呢?很簡(jiǎn)單，只要在這個(gè)those的后面加一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞who，把它變成一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句——those who will take over the job，“那些將要接管這個(gè)工作的人”，那么這樣就可以了。
B選項(xiàng)是who在名詞性從句中表示疑問(wèn)，e.g. Who will take over the job has not been decided yet. D選項(xiàng)是anyone，錯(cuò)誤的原因也是缺少關(guān)系代詞who.
比較those who和anyone who，前者是“那些……的人”，后者表示“任何……的人”。區(qū)別就是在于those who是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)的概念，“那些人”，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù);而anyone who是表示任何一個(gè)人，后面要用單數(shù)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之主謂一致總結(jié) (菁選2篇)（擴(kuò)展6）
——高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空題 (菁選2篇)
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空題1
一、考查語(yǔ)法。每一個(gè)空格的設(shè)置都必定涉及到某一條或某幾條語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，不會(huì)單純考查單詞的拼寫(xiě)和詞組的用法。
例 1 In Greece, women had little freedom. Wealthy women hardly left their houses, but they______ (allow) to attend weddings and some festivals.
解析：因allow與they在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，用be allowed;由had, left可知be是一般過(guò)去式;主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)they，be的過(guò)去式是were，答案是were allowed。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：此題就涉及到動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致三條語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。
例 2 The ______ why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.
解析：因?yàn)閣hy 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，前面的先行詞一定是reason。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：此題看起來(lái)好像是考查填入恰當(dāng)?shù)拿~，但實(shí)際上是考查定語(yǔ)從句。
二、考慮語(yǔ)境。既然采用短文的形式來(lái)考查語(yǔ)法，其目的就是要利用短文有較強(qiáng)語(yǔ)境的'特點(diǎn)來(lái)命題，否則，就不如用單句來(lái)考查語(yǔ)法了。也就是說(shuō)，考生要填出正確答案，至少需理解整個(gè)句子的意思或各分句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，或者需要理解前后幾個(gè)句子，甚至整個(gè)段落或篇章。
例4 Several changes have brought wild animals to the . Foremost, air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970's pollution control efforts…
解析：在冠詞the后必定是名詞，再根據(jù)下句可確定要填cities。
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空題2
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____61_(attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_____62_(arrow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be theirUKambassador. The title will be __63___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back ____64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On mu recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __69__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70____ other is with mum-she never suspects.
參***
61. attraction 62. was allowed 63. officially 64. to 65. when
66. permitted 67. introducing 68. their 69. days 70. the
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