托福閱讀中的定語從句
托福閱讀中的定語從句1
在句子中，名詞或名詞短語主要充當四種成分：主語、賓語、表語和同位語;把句子當作名詞來用，分別在另一個句子中做主語、賓語、表語和同位語構(gòu)成四種從句：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。下面，和小編來初步認識一下四種名詞性從句的樣子。
主語從句
The book is interesting.book 名詞作主語;
What I am reading is interesting.完整句 what I am reading 作主語，因此被稱為主語從句。該從句有自己的'主語(I)和謂語(am reading)， what 在主語從句中作am reading 的賓語賓語從句。
賓語從句
I believe his words.words 作賓語。
I believe what he said.完整句 what he said 作賓語，因此被稱為賓語從句。該從句有自己的主語(he)和謂語(said)，what在賓語從句中作said 的賓語。
表語從句
English is a useful tool.a useful tool 作表語。
The book is what I want.完整句子 what I want 作表語，因此被稱為表語從句。該從句有自己的主語(I)和謂語(want)，what在表語從句中作want 的賓語。
同位語從句
I like the book, Gone with the Wind.Gone with the Wind 作book 的同位語。
The mother must accept the fact that her babyis deaf.完整句 that her baby is deaf 作fact 的同位語，因此被稱為同位語從句。該從句有自己的主語(her baby)和謂語部分(is deaf)，that 在同位語從句中不充當成分。
托福閱讀中的定語從句擴展閱讀
托福閱讀中的定語從句（擴展1）
——in which 定語從句3篇
in which 定語從句1
你的問題中提到的in which是屬于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”型的定語從句.
關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時,從句常由介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞（只用 whom /which）引導(dǎo)
The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
= The school in which he once studied is very famous.
Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
= Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
= We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
in which 定語從句2
1.in which可以等于when,也可以等于where,但不會等于why.
關(guān)鍵是看定語從句中缺少時間狀語還是地點狀語.
2.例如：
1）I'll never forget these days in/during which I stayed with you.
= I'll never forget these days when I stayed with you.
我永遠不會忘記我和你待在一起的日子.
其中：in/during which I stayed with you = when I stayed with you
= I stayed with you in/during which = I stayed with you in/during these days
2）This is the city in which I stayed last year.
= This is the city where I stayed last year.
這就是那個去年我待的地方.
其中：where I stayed last year = in which I stayed last year
= I stayed in which last year = I stayed in the city last year.
3.另外,有的in which找不到合適的關(guān)系副詞代替.
如：I dislike the way in which you treat me.
我不喜歡你對待我的方式.
其中：in which you treat me = you treat me in which
= you treat me in the way
4.for which = why
如：Can you tell me the reason why you were late?
= Can you tell me the reason for which you were late?
你能告訴我你遲到的原因嗎?
其中：why you were late = for which you were late
= you were late for which = you were late for the reason
in which 定語從句3
in which用于定語從句，作關(guān)系代詞，在句中要做成分
in which用于定語從句，作關(guān)系副詞，在句中不做成分，in which=where
in which只搜索能用在定語從句中，等于where,在定語從句中作狀語。
如：He lived in the house in which tomonce lived.
定語從句中如
This is the room in which we stayed
先行詞是room，后的句子是用來修飾room的
但是room不可做stay的成分，因為stay是不及物動詞，后不可直接家賓語，所以要有個介詞.
其實上述的句子
This is the room which we stayed in.
這里的介詞是可以提到which前的
定語從句in which等的用法
in which,forwhich,onwhich,atwhich的不同用法
這些都是定語從句里面，由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，介詞提前。
托福閱讀中的定語從句（擴展2）
——英語中什么叫定語從句 (菁選3篇)
英語中什么叫定語從句1
概念
被修飾的詞叫先行詞.定語從句不同于單詞作定語的情況,它需要放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之后.定語從句一般由關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo).關(guān)系代詞必須放在定語從句之首.定語從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞.定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出.
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致.
1)who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個人.(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書.
3)which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的'繁榮.(which / that在句中作主語)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作賓語)
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語.
1)when, where, why
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. **是我的出生地.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / on which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了.
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方.
英語中什么叫定語從句2
概念
被修飾的詞叫先行詞.定語從句不同于單詞作定語的情況,它需要放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之后.定語從句一般由關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo).關(guān)系代詞必須放在定語從句之首.定語從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞.定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出.
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致.
1)who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個人.(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書.
3)which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮.(which / that在句中作主語)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作賓語)
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語.
1)when, where, why
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. **是我的出生地.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / on which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了.
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方.
英語中什么叫定語從句3
定語從句:一個簡單句跟在一名詞或代詞后(先行詞)進行修飾限定,就叫做定語從句.在主句中充當定語成分.被修飾的詞叫先行詞.定語從句不同于單詞作定語的情況,它通常只能放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之后.
【關(guān)系詞的特定選擇】
1、只用that不用which
1)當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、最高級,關(guān)系詞用that.
2)當先行詞既有人又有物時,用that.
3)當先行詞帶有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等詞時,用that.
4)當主句中有who或which時,為避免重復(fù)用that.
5)當先行詞為something,anything,nothing,none,no,little,much,all等不定代詞時用that.
2、只用who不用that
1)如果先行詞是those,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one時用who
2)當先行詞指人并含有較長的后置定語從句或在被分割的定語從句中時.
3、只用which不用that
1)當主句先行詞后有介詞時,用which.例:This is the one of which I'm speaking.
2)非限定性定語從句,用which.
3) 描述句中一般用which.例:Beijing,which was China's capital for more than 800years.
4)those +復(fù)數(shù)名詞之后,多用which .例:Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best.
5)先行詞本身是that時,用which.
托福閱讀中的定語從句（擴展3）
——帶介詞的定語從句
帶介詞的定語從句1
1.語法作用：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”在從句中主要起關(guān)系副詞的作用，即在定語從句中充當狀語：
(1)表示地點，時間和原因的“介詞+which”分別相當于 where，when，why。
I have found the book in which the names of all the early satellites are mentioned.(SEFC 2A L.55)(=I have found the book.The names of all the early satellites are mentioned in it.)
The earth on which /where we live is a planet.
I”ll never forget the day on which /when I joined the League.
I know a wood in which /where you can find roses.
Is there any reason for which /why you should have a holiday?
(2)way后常用that代替in which，也可省略that。
I really don”t like the way that he talks.
That was the way in which the old lady looked after us.
Do it the way I showed you.
2.“of +which”起形容詞的作用，相當于whose(用來指物)，其詞序通常是“n.+of which”。
They live in a house whose door /the door of which opens to the south.
He”s written a book whose name /the name of which I”ve com- pletely forgotten.
3.可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
There is a rocket by which the direction of the satellite can be changed.
We carefully studied the photos，in which we could see signs of plant disease.
4.介詞的選擇(選擇介詞時須考慮下列情況)
1)介詞與先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配
There is no way in which it could be brought back to the earth.(in與way是習(xí)慣搭配)
2)介詞與定語從句中的動詞，形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配
These are the wires with which different machines are connected.(be connected with是習(xí)慣搭配)
The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our compa-ny.(be familiar with是習(xí)慣搭配)
3)同形的先行詞，或定語從句中的動詞，形容詞表示不同的含義時，要根據(jù)其含義選用不同的介詞。
I can”t remember the age at which he won the prize.
That is the age in which people live in peace and happiness.
age在前句中意為“年歲”，與at搭配;在后句中意為“時期”，與 in搭配。
4)復(fù)雜介詞須保持其完整形式，常見的復(fù)雜介詞有on the top of，in the middle of，in front of，in spite of，at the back of，because of等。
We took a photo of rocket，the length of which was about 30me- tres.
Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other.
They marched through the square，in the middle of which stood a monument.
5)短語動詞中的介詞不可與動詞分開提至關(guān)系代詞前。常見的.短語動詞有l(wèi)isten to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of，look into，break into，get rid of，take part in，make use of，take hold of，catch hold of，catch up with，get along with，look forward to等。此時可用which，who，whom或that，也可將他們省略。
(誤)This is the girl of whom he will take care.
(正)This is the girl whom he will take careof.
6)當介詞與定語從句中的動詞或形容詞聯(lián)系緊密(但不是短語動詞)時，介詞也可放在動詞或形容詞的后面。但當介詞與從句中的動詞或形容詞聯(lián)系不緊密時，則需將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前。比較：
The space station which we drove to was in the desert.
I”ll never forget the day in which I joined the Party.
后句中的in若置于句尾則有“孤零零”之感，這時宜將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前;而前句中的to則可后置。
5.關(guān)系代詞的選擇
用于介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只有which，whom，前者指物，后者指人。
There are many research stations on the earth in which outer space is studied.(which指代research stations)
We questioned the pilot，from whom we learnt that no other planes had been seen.(whom指代the pilot)
托福閱讀中的定語從句（擴展4）
——which定語從句的用法3篇
which定語從句的用法1
我們知道，as和which作為關(guān)系代詞都可以用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句所表達的內(nèi)容，在從句中作主語或賓語，但它們在用法上有區(qū)別，這一點許多學(xué)生往往搞不清楚�，F(xiàn)就它們引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的用法簡述如下：
一、相同之處
當從句位于主句之后，引導(dǎo)詞指代整個主句所表達的全部意義時，as和which可以互換。如：
The elephant is like a snake,as/which everybody can see.
大家都看得出，這頭大象像條蛇。
A big earthquake occurred there last night,as/which was reported on TV.
據(jù)電視報道，昨夜那里發(fā)生了大地震。
She is from Shanghai,as/which I know from her accent.
她來自上海，那是我從她的口音知道的。
二、不同之處
1、as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，位置比較靈活，可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之中或之后;而which引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句只能位于主句之后，不能位于主句之前。如：
_______ is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth.
A.It B.As C.That D.Which
答案：B
_______ is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.
A.Which B.As C.That D.It
答案：B
Air,as we know,is a gas.眾所周知，空氣是一種氣體。
He is very careful,as his work shows.
他的工作表現(xiàn)表明他非常謹慎。
as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句常有“如同......那樣”的含義，因此在一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，如：
as we know;as is known to all(眾所周知)
as we all can see(正如我們大家都能看到的那樣)
as has been said before/above(正如前面所述)
as has been pointed out(正如所指出的那樣)
as might be imagined(可以想象得到)
as might be expected(正如所預(yù)料的那樣)
as is often the case(情況通常是這樣)
以上種種固定搭配，一般不能用which代替as。
2、搭配上，在由the same或such所修飾的名詞后通常用as作關(guān)系代詞引出非限制性定語從句。如：
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
我遇到了與他一樣的麻煩。
I've never heard of such a moving story as he is telling.
我從未聽過像他講得那么有趣的故事。
3、which引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上相當于一個并列句，可以用and this代替，意思是“這件事”;as引導(dǎo)的從句主要起連接上下文的作用，表達說話人的觀點、看法，并指出主句內(nèi)容的根據(jù)或出處等。如：
He sold his new car,which surprised me.
=He sold his new car,and this serprised me.
Einstein,as we know,is a famous scientist.
我們都知道，愛因斯坦是一位著名的科學(xué)家。
As is known to all,****** is part of China.
眾所周知，**是*的一部分。
4、當which在從句中指代的是先行詞本身而不是主句時，不可用as代替which。如：
The peach tree,which I planted last year,has not borne any fruit.
這棵桃樹是我去年種下的，還沒有結(jié)出任何果實。
The book,which I bought yesterday,is very instructive.
我昨天買的這本書很有教育意義。
5、在從句中作主語時，which既可作系動詞be的主語，也可作實義動詞的主語，而as只可作系動詞be的主語。如：
He married her,which was nature.(可用as代替which)
他和她結(jié)婚了，這是很自然的事。
She met the boy,which delighted her.(不可用as代替which)
她見到了那個男孩，這使得她很高興。
He failed in the exam again,which made his parents very angry.
他考試有不及格了，這是他父母很生氣。
6、as引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上不可與主語相悖，而which引導(dǎo)的從句則不受此限制。
Mum treats me like a baby,which I can't bear.
媽媽把我當小孩看待，這是我不能忍受的。
which定語從句的用法2
一、which前面有逗號，逗號前面是個名詞，which就近指代那個名詞。
(1) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which did not cheer Pea up.
which就近指代photos，定語從句中謂語動詞did not cheer (Pea up)的發(fā)出者即從句主語即先行詞photos，是photos沒讓豌豆家屬高興起來。
(2) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which Pea did not find interesting.
which就近指代photos，photos是定語從句中的賓語，把定語從句還原成一個完整句就是Pea did not find the photos interesting.
可以看到，上面兩個句子都可以以that為關(guān)系代詞改寫，即
(1)Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that did not cheer Pea up.
(2)Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that Pea did not find interesting.
改寫與原版區(qū)別在哪兒？就在一個逗號。which前面是名詞，名詞和which之間沒逗號的，在GMAT語法里算錯。
二、which前面是介詞，介詞前面是名詞，which就近指代介詞前的那個名詞，名詞和介詞之間有無逗號均可。
Tankfield once lent Pea a book from which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes.
這個句子可以“拆”成如下兩句：（每個定語從句都可以拆成兩句，以先行詞為拆分點）
(1)Tankfield once lent Pea a book.
(2)Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from the book.
先行詞實際上是定語從句中介詞的賓語，這時，需要把介詞提前，避免如下表達：
(1)Tankfield once lent Pea a book, which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX)
(2)Tankfield once lent Pea a book that Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX)
上中學(xué)的時候?qū)W過，which引導(dǎo)的定語從句叫“非限制性定語從句”，是不是？它怎么就“非限制性”了？回顧上述GMAT語法規(guī)定which有且僅有的兩種用法，which指的都是就近的名詞，從句其實還是限制性的。
所謂非限制性呢，是說which指逗號之前一套主謂所描述的情況，以逗號前的一個完整句為先行詞。比如：
(1)Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, which was rather sad.
(2)Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, which Pea did not refuse to acknowledge to herself any more.
注意，這樣的非限制性定語從句在GMAT語法中是不成立的，關(guān)于which，GMAT語法考試只認可上述兩種限制性用法。那么，在GMAT語法考試規(guī)則范圍內(nèi)，用什么方法能夠表達出原來學(xué)過的非限制性定語從句的意思來呢？
分成兩句或做出同位語來都是可以的，當然，需要先找出一個名詞把原來非限制性定語從句的先行詞（即那個完整的句子）概括出來。
一、分成兩句
Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea. The fact was rather sad.
Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea. Pea did not refuse to acknowledge the fact to herself any more.
二、做同位語
Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, the fact, rather sad,beingwhat Pea did not refuse to acknowledge to herself any more.
考題及答案解析：
[考題1]
Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcentre,____isalwaysbusyattheweekend.
A.thatB.whereC.whatD.which
[答案]D
[解析]引導(dǎo)一個非限定性定語從句修飾theshoppingcentre，應(yīng)選用D選項中的關(guān)系代詞which，which在該定語從句中充當主語。
[考題2]
York,____lastyear,isaniceoldcity.(2003**)
A.thatIvisitedB.whichIvisited
C.whereIvisitedD.inwhichIvisited
[答案]B
[解析]引導(dǎo)一個非限定性定語從句修飾York，在定語從句中充當及物動詞visit的賓語，應(yīng)選用B選項中的關(guān)系代詞which。
[考題3]
Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof____hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.
A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which
[答案]D
[解析]引導(dǎo)一個非限定性定語從句修飾windows，在定語從句中充當介詞of的賓語，應(yīng)選用D選項中的關(guān)系代詞which。
[考題4]
Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,____meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.(2006江蘇)
A.whoB.thatC.asD.which
[答案]D
[解析]引導(dǎo)一個非限定性定語從句修飾整個主句“theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning”所表示的情況，應(yīng)選用C選項中的`關(guān)系代詞which，在該定語從句中充當主語。
[考題5]
Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,____,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.
A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what
[答案]B
[解析]引導(dǎo)一個非限定性定語從句修飾整個主句“Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay”所表示的情況，應(yīng)選用B選項中的關(guān)系代詞which，在該定語從句中充當主語。
[考題6]
Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,____wehadn’texpected.
A.when B.thatC.whichD.what
[答案]C
[解析]引導(dǎo)一個非限定性定語從句修飾整個主句“theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood”所表示的情況，應(yīng)選用C選項中的關(guān)系代詞which，在該定語從句中充當及物動詞expect的賓語。
[考題7]
TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.
A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
[答案]C
[解析]表示“在英語劇中”應(yīng)用介詞in，因此在修飾先行詞play的限定性定語從句中也應(yīng)用介詞in與指代先行詞play的關(guān)系代詞which連用，本題只能選C。注意：本題中which充當置于定語從句中最前面的介詞in的賓語(inwhich在整個定語從句中充當狀語)。
[考題8]
Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection____shehadcome.
A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich
[答案]D
[解析]表示“從他來的方向跑回去”，應(yīng)選用介詞from。下劃線處是引導(dǎo)修飾direction的定語從句。
[考題9]
Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop____toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.
A.thatB.inwhichC.bywhichD.how
[答案]B
[解析]題干句意為：Frank的夢想是擁有一家可以生產(chǎn)自己的手工制品的商店。inwhich相當于intheshop的含義，最適合引導(dǎo)定語從句。
[考題10]
Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst____Ireallyenjoyed.
A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which
[答案]B
[解析]ofwhich表示thefirstofthreebooks的含義，介詞of不可以省略，that不可以緊跟介詞后引導(dǎo)定語從句，因此應(yīng)選B。
[考題11]
Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,____hewentontoCambridge.
A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis
[答案]C
[解析]this不能引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾前面的school，介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不能是that(“考點72：that引導(dǎo)的定語從句的用法”中將有此考點的具體介紹)，因此應(yīng)排除選項B和D;由于此處which指代前面整個主句，全句意為“他在當?shù)氐囊凰Z法學(xué)校接受教育之后，又去了劍橋。”，介詞應(yīng)選用after，因此應(yīng)進一步排除選項A而選出C。
附：定語從句中的that和which用法區(qū)別
1、先行若是不定代，that就把which踹
春雨驚春清谷天，夏滿芒夏暑相連，秋處露秋寒霜降，冬雪雪冬小大寒。上半年是六廿一，下半年來八**，每月兩節(jié)日期定，最多相差一二天。當先行詞為anything, everything, nothing, all, any, much, many, one等不定代詞時，只能使用“that”, 不用“which”.
例：Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能給你做點什么嗎？
2、先行詞前有兩數(shù)，就用that定無誤
當先行詞是基數(shù)詞或序數(shù)詞修飾時，只能使用“that”, 不用“which”.
例句：
That is the second time that I have been to Japan.
那是我去**的第二次。
The two buildings that lay on the River Thames fell down last week.
坐落在泰晤士河岸邊的那兩座大樓上星期倒塌了。
3、先行詞前最高級，還用that必?zé)o疑
當先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時，只能使用“that”, 不用“which”.
例句：
This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.
這是我度過的最美好的時光。
4、句中若有there be, that應(yīng)把which替
例：
There is no evidence that animals possess a mysterious sixth-sense allowing them to predict natural disasters.
說動物擁有神秘的第六感，可以預(yù)知自然災(zāi)害，這是沒有根據(jù)的。
5、先行主中做表語，避免重復(fù)從句里
例句：
1）This is not the hospital that it used to be.
這已經(jīng)不再是以前那座醫(yī)院了。
2）Mr Thomson is not the man that he was.
湯姆森先生已經(jīng)不再是以前的他了。
解析：定語從句的先行詞均在主句中做表語。
例句：
Which is the course that we are to take ?
我們要學(xué)哪門課？
解析：句中已有which,后面不再用which,避免重復(fù)用that。
6、先行詞前有just/the only/very/same/last等詞，關(guān)系代詞用that,不用which
例句：
1) The North Pole is the only place that you can see polar bears.
北極是唯一能見到北極熊的地方。
2）This is the same bike that he lost.
這就是他丟了的那輛自行車。
注意區(qū)分：
3) This is the same bike as he lost.
這輛自行車和他丟的那輛一樣。（但不是）
which定語從句的用法3
我們知道，as和which作為關(guān)系代詞都可以用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句所表達的內(nèi)容，在從句中作主語或賓語，但它們在用法上有區(qū)別，這一點許多學(xué)生往往搞不清楚。現(xiàn)就它們引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的用法簡述如下：
一、相同之處
當從句位于主句之后，引導(dǎo)詞指代整個主句所表達的全部意義時，as和which可以互換。如：
The elephant is like a snake,as/which everybody can see.
大家都看得出，這頭大象像條蛇。
A big earthquake occurred there last night,as/which was reported on TV.
據(jù)電視報道，昨夜那里發(fā)生了大地震。
She is from Shanghai,as/which I know from her accent.
她來自上海，那是我從她的口音知道的。
二、不同之處
1、as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，位置比較靈活，可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之中或之后;而which引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句只能位于主句之后，不能位于主句之前。如：
_______ is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth.
A.It B.As C.That D.Which
答案：B
_______ is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.
A.Which B.As C.That D.It
答案：B
Air,as we know,is a gas.眾所周知，空氣是一種氣體。
He is very careful,as his work shows.
他的工作表現(xiàn)表明他非常謹慎。
as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句常有“如同......那樣”的含義，因此在一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，如：
as we know;as is known to all(眾所周知)
as we all can see(正如我們大家都能看到的那樣)
as has been said before/above(正如前面所述)
as has been pointed out(正如所指出的那樣)
as might be imagined(可以想象得到)
as might be expected(正如所預(yù)料的那樣)
as is often the case(情況通常是這樣)
以上種種固定搭配，一般不能用which代替as。
2、搭配上，在由the same或such所修飾的名詞后通常用as作關(guān)系代詞引出非限制性定語從句。如：
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
我遇到了與他一樣的麻煩。
I've never heard of such a moving story as he is telling.
我從未聽過像他講得那么有趣的故事。
3、which引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上相當于一個并列句，可以用and this代替，意思是“這件事”;as引導(dǎo)的從句主要起連接上下文的作用，表達說話人的觀點、看法，并指出主句內(nèi)容的根據(jù)或出處等。如：
He sold his new car,which surprised me.
=He sold his new car,and this serprised me.
Einstein,as we know,is a famous scientist.
我們都知道，愛因斯坦是一位著名的科學(xué)家。
As is known to all,****** is part of China.
眾所周知，**是*的一部分。
4、當which在從句中指代的是先行詞本身而不是主句時，不可用as代替which。如：
The peach tree,which I planted last year,has not borne any fruit.
這棵桃樹是我去年種下的，還沒有結(jié)出任何果實。
The book,which I bought yesterday,is very instructive.
我昨天買的這本書很有教育意義。
5、在從句中作主語時，which既可作系動詞be的主語，也可作實義動詞的主語，而as只可作系動詞be的主語。如：
He married her,which was nature.(可用as代替which)
他和她結(jié)婚了，這是很自然的事。
She met the boy,which delighted her.(不可用as代替which)
她見到了那個男孩，這使得她很高興。
He failed in the exam again,which made his parents very angry.
他考試有不及格了，這是他父母很生氣。
6、as引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上不可與主語相悖，而which引導(dǎo)的從句則不受此限制。
Mum treats me like a baby,which I can't bear.
媽媽把我當小孩看待，這是我不能忍受的。
托福閱讀中的定語從句（擴展5）
——where的定語從句3篇
where的定語從句1
where先行詞表示時間、地點、原因，但關(guān)系詞指代先行詞在定語從句中充當主語或賓語時，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that或which.如：
Ill never forget 1976 that / which was full of sadness.
�。ㄗ髦髡Z）
我不會忘記充滿悲哀的1976年。
I regret the days （that/which） I wasted in the woods.
�。ㄗ髻e語）
我后悔在森林里虛度的日子。
This is the factory that/which produces cars. （作主語）
這就是那個生產(chǎn)小汽車的工廠。
This is the factory （that/which） he visited yesterday.
�。ㄗ髻e語）
這就是他昨天參觀的工廠。
This is the reason that/which is unreasonable. （作主語）
這是一個沒道理的理由。
This is the reason （that/which） he raised. （作賓語）
這是他提出的理由。
2. 關(guān)系副詞有時相當于 適當?shù)慕樵~+關(guān)系代詞。如：
�、� where=in/on which
This is the room where / in which he lives.
鞏固練習(xí)：
從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可填入空白處的最佳選項。
1. I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting
for the great chance.（湖南2004）
A. how B. which C. where D. that
2. We are living in an age _______ many things are done
on com*r.（**2003春）
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
3. The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was
taken good care of in that far-away village.（NMET 2001）
A. until B. that C. when D. where
4. Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his careless-
ness in his work？ （上海2002春）
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
5. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the
small town ______ he grewup as a child. （NMET 1996）
A. which B. that C. where D. when
Key： 1-5 CDCAC
where的定語從句2
Where引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞不一定都表示地點
1. We will discuss a number of cases __ beginners of English fail to use the language preperly.
A.which B.as C.why D.where
2.He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation ___he is likely to lose the control over his car.
A.which B.as C.why D.where
兩道題都選where ，但是case, situation都不是地點，如何理解？
在“先行詞不是表示地點的名詞”的前提下，如何判斷是否使用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)定語從句的問題是一個高頻考點。就是說，關(guān)系副詞where所指代的先行詞不只是表示地點的名詞。
用Where引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞不一定都表示地點按照通常的理解，當where引導(dǎo)定語從句時，它的先行詞就是表示地點的名詞，但事實并不是我們想象的那么簡單。很多情況下，where所指代的先行詞并不表示地點。
請看以下幾個例句：
1. Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other.
請記住，最深的感情關(guān)系表現(xiàn)為彼此間的'愛超過彼此間的需要。
點評：這里where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞one，也就是relationship (此處one指代的是relationship)。Relationship不是地點名詞，但此處卻用了where來引導(dǎo)，where在這里表示“在這樣的感情關(guān)系下”。從定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)來看，定語從句不缺主語和賓語，引導(dǎo)詞where在從句中充當?shù)氖菭钫Z。
2. Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low. 欺詐行為在這種情況下最有可能發(fā)生：利益重大，而且欺詐行為被發(fā)現(xiàn)的可能性小。
點評：句中的先行詞是situations，表示“情形，情況”，引導(dǎo)詞依然用的是where，表示“在這種情況之下”。這里的定語從句也是不缺主語或賓語的，where在從句中充當?shù)氖菭钫Z。
3. Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people
will have to accept more “unnatural food”.除非人類能夠意識到要把人口減少到這樣的程度——使地球能為所有人提供足夠的食物，否則人們將不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。
點評：這里的先行詞是point，表示“某種程度，某種狀況”，引導(dǎo)詞where指代point，表示“在這種程度下”。這里定語從句也是不缺主語和賓語的，where在從句中充當?shù)娜匀皇菭钫Z。
從上面三個例句中，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)以下兩點：第一，即使先行詞不是表示地點的詞，定語從句也能夠使用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)；第二，上面三個例句中，where分別指代relationship、situation和point，分別表示“在……關(guān)系中”“在……情況下”“達到……程度”，這些詞雖然不是表示地點的名詞，但在從句中表達的是“某個點或狀態(tài)”的含義。我們可以把這類名詞解釋成“含有抽象地點意義的名詞”，此類詞也能用關(guān)系副詞where來進行引導(dǎo)。
先行詞不表示地點時，如何判斷是否使用Where引導(dǎo)定語從句當先行詞不是表示地點的名詞時，該如何判斷是否使用where引導(dǎo)定語從句呢？由上文給出的例句可知，含有抽象地點意義的名詞能用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)，并且在每個例句的點評中都反復(fù)強調(diào)“定語從句不缺主語和賓語，where在從句中充當?shù)氖菭钫Z”。
由此，我們可以大膽地進行引申和歸納，提出“當先行詞不表示地點時，使用where引導(dǎo)定語從句”的判斷方法。首先，判斷定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：定語從句應(yīng)該不缺少主語和賓語，而是缺少狀語。其次，觀察先行詞：先行詞是除了時間名詞(在這種情況下會用when)和原因名詞(在這種情況下會用why)以外的其他任何名詞。第二個條件之所以成立，是因為定語從句中的狀語成分一般就是由when、where和why等三個引導(dǎo)詞來引導(dǎo)的。
為了更深刻地理解這種判斷方法，請看以下幾個例句：
4. English is a fixed-word-order language where each phrase has a fixed position. 英語是一種“詞序固定”的語言，這種語言的特點就是每個短語都有固定的位置。
點評：首先，我們來判斷定語從句“each phrase has a fixed position”的結(jié)構(gòu)：該從句并不缺少主語和賓語，但是缺少狀語。其次，我們來看先行詞：先行詞是fixed-word-order language, 它既不表示時間，也不表示原因。由此可知，此處用where來指代先行詞，表示“在詞序固定這樣的語言中”。
5. At the Academy, Plato taught the students through the use of debates, where two or more people took different ideas of an argument. 在學(xué)院里，柏拉圖采用的教學(xué)方法是**辯論，在辯論中，兩個或多個學(xué)生各持一方觀點。
點評：首先，我們來判斷定語從句“two or morepeople took different ideas of an argument”的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：該從句不缺少主語和賓語，但是缺少狀語。其次，我們來看先行詞：先行詞是debates，它既不是時間名詞，也不是原因名詞。由此可知，此處應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)定語從句，表示“在辯論中”。
6. However, being enthusiastic isn't for everyone and no one likes false enthusiasm, where a person pretends to be excited even about small points.然而，熱情并非適合每一個人，而且也沒有人喜歡那種連區(qū)區(qū)小事都假裝興奮的假熱情。
點評：首先，我們判斷定語從句“a person pretends to be excited even about small points”的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：該從句不缺少主語和賓語，但是缺少狀語。其次，我們來看先行詞：先行詞是false enthusiasm，它既不是時間名詞，也不是原因名詞。因而，此處用where來引導(dǎo)定語從句，表示“在虛假的熱情這種狀態(tài)下”。
通過對上面三個例句的點評，相信讀者已經(jīng)能夠掌握在先行詞不表示地點的情況下，如何判斷是否使用where來引導(dǎo)定語從句了。此外，我們需要仔細體會例句中where指代先行詞時所表達的含義，分別是“在……樣的語言中”“在……中”“在……樣的狀態(tài)下”，這些含義與第一節(jié)所舉的例子類似，都帶有抽象的地點意義。因而，我們在日后的學(xué)習(xí)和考試中應(yīng)當謹記：
用where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞不一定是表示地點的名詞，因為先行詞也可能是含有抽象地點意義的名詞。由此，我們總結(jié)如下：
先行詞是表示“地點”或任何含有“抽象地點意義”的名詞用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。
where的定語從句3
where先行詞表示時間、地點、原因，但關(guān)系詞指代先行詞在定語從句中充當主語或賓語時，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that或which.如：
Ill never forget 1976 that / which was full of sadness.
�。ㄗ髦髡Z）
我不會忘記充滿悲哀的1976年。
I regret the days （that/which） I wasted in the woods.
（作賓語）
我后悔在森林里虛度的日子。
This is the factory that/which produces cars. （作主語）
這就是那個生產(chǎn)小汽車的工廠。
This is the factory （that/which） he visited yesterday.
�。ㄗ髻e語）
這就是他昨天參觀的工廠。
This is the reason that/which is unreasonable. （作主語）
這是一個沒道理的理由。
This is the reason （that/which） he raised. （作賓語）
這是他提出的理由。
2. 關(guān)系副詞有時相當于 適當?shù)慕樵~+關(guān)系代詞。如：
�、� where=in/on which
This is the room where / in which he lives.
鞏固練習(xí)：
從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可填入空白處的最佳選項。
1. I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting
for the great chance.（湖南2004）
A. how B. which C. where D. that
2. We are living in an age _______ many things are done
on com*r.（**2003春）
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
3. The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was
taken good care of in that far-away village.（NMET 2001）
A. until B. that C. when D. where
4. Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his careless-
ness in his work？ （上海2002春）
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
5. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the
small town ______ he grewup as a child. （NMET 1996）
A. which B. that C. where D. when
Key： 1-5 CDCAC
托福閱讀中的定語從句（擴展6）
——含有定語從句的文章3篇
含有定語從句的文章1
An Ingteresting Trip
I have been to many interesting places in Yiwu,but I have not been to many other parts of China yet.Last month I went to the West Lake where is a famous scenic spot in Hangzhou with my family by bus.
The scenery around the lake was very beautiful.There were many tall trees and beautiful flowers.Some people were walking around the lake and some people were boating on the lake. We played near the lake and enjoyed the beautiful scenery.Each of us lost ourselves in the beautiful scenery.Suddenly it rained.We ran in the rain and we were all wet.But we were very happy.After a while the rain stopped.The sky became very colourful. “How beautiful it is!”I said to myself.
In the afternoon we went back home by train .My trip seemed very short,but my memory of the pleasant trip will last long.
含有定語從句的文章2
My Best Friend
I have many good friends,Lily is one of the best.We play together since we two were very young. She is such a pretty girl that when people meet her,they always pat her little head and say,"Oh,how lovely!"Lily is also very brave.I remember one evening two weeks ago,mom sent me to buy some salt and sugar downstair.When I was back on the darksome stairway,I suddenly saw a black shadow behind me,was that a ghost?I was so frightened that I cried "God!"At that very moment,Lily come,she rush at the shadow and shouted to it loudly till it disappeared,then we ran home safely... Maybe you have already get it,yes,Lily is my dog,--my best friend,I love her.
含有定語從句的文章3
My Close Friend
Yesterday was April 26. My friend Duan Yankun asked me to have lunch with her family, beacuse it was her birthday. I was very glas, and said "Happy birthday!" to her. We had a good time together.
Her house is not very big, but very beautiful. She told me taht they would soon move into a much bigger house. Her parents are very kind to me. They lead a happy life. They have two cars of their own.
Duan Yankun and I have been good friends since Grade One. I always get on well with her. We help each other. She is pretty, kind and helpful. I like her very much.
托福閱讀中的定語從句（擴展7）
——定語從句whose用法3篇
定語從句whose用法1
定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。
關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1.who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）
2. Whose 用來指人或物，（只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的`書。
3.whose用作關(guān)系代詞時，它并不表示誰的，而是表示的，在具體語境需要靈活處理。如：
He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽車被竊的人。
The boys whose names were called stood up. 叫到名字的男孩們站了起來。
You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 你是惟一可能使他聽從勸告的人。
4. 不要以為whose引導(dǎo)定語從句時，其先行詞一定是指人的名詞，其實也可以是指事物(包括動物)的名詞。如：
It was an island whose name I have forgotten. 這是一座島，名字我忘了。
Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon cooperation. 狼是高度群體化的動物，它們的成功依賴于合作。
5. whose 不僅可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。如：
My bitch, whose temper is very uncertain, often bites the judges at dog shows. 我的母狗脾氣不穩(wěn)定，常常在狗展上咬裁判。
One of the Britons, whose identity has not been revealed, was taken to hospital. 其中一位英國人被送往醫(yī)院。他的身份還沒有透露。
托福閱讀中的定語從句（擴展8）
——定語從句與補語3篇
定語從句與補語1
一、定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞
1、一共有9個：who, whom , whose, that, which, when,where, why, as
與名詞從句相比：定從不能由what和how引導(dǎo)；which的含義改變；定從內(nèi)部的介詞可以放引導(dǎo)詞前。
2、引導(dǎo)詞的功能有哪些？
�。�1）引導(dǎo)定語從句
�。�2）代替先行詞在定語從句中充當一個成分。（先行詞在從句中不再出現(xiàn)）
二、定語從句的關(guān)鍵
1、首先，要能判斷出該從句是什么從句：
�。�1）放句首沒有用逗號分開的，一般是主語從句，也有可能是狀語從句，但從句結(jié)束后若有體現(xiàn)時態(tài)變化的動詞，則一定是主語從句。
（2）放及物動詞后，若及物動詞不是被動語態(tài)，后面一定是賓語從句；若該及物動詞是被動語態(tài)，后面一般是主語從句（It+ is + adj/n./done+that/whether/when…）或狀語從句。
�。�3）放be動詞后，后面一定是表語從句，但 “It is/was + 從句(被強調(diào)成分) + that”是強調(diào)句（強調(diào)句中“非謂語”）。
�。�4）放名詞后，一般是定語從句，但若該名詞有“內(nèi)涵/內(nèi)容”(fact/truth/news/information/ problem/suggestion)， 則很可能是同位語從句。
（5）用逗號分開的從句，一般是狀語從句或 as/which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，也要注意用放在句中用逗號分開的“插入語”(however, for example,believe it or not等)。
2、其次，判斷出是定語從句后可以用“三個優(yōu)先”法做題：
�。�1）優(yōu)先選擇含whose的選項，能與空格后的名詞構(gòu)成“某人的某物”搭配，一般就是答案；
�。�2）優(yōu)先選擇含介詞的選項，然后看該介詞與從句中的謂語是否能構(gòu)成符合邏輯的搭配；
（3）用逗號分開的定從，優(yōu)先考慮as和which,若該空能翻譯為“一件事”而從句意思是通順的，則放句首就用as,句末用which(若該空能翻譯為“如同”“像…一樣”則應(yīng)用as)
3、再次,做定語從句題可以用“三問法”來檢測是否出錯：
�。�1）先行詞本身是否為特殊的詞？
way+ in which/that/省略
指物的不定代詞：anything, one, some,many, a lot, all, both, that等 + that
指人的不定代詞或數(shù)詞：one, those, anyone, two等 + who
既有人又有物： + that
“抽象的地點”condition, situation,case, point + where
“抽象的時間”one’s stay/visit + when
在特定語境中可以作“地點/位置”理解的詞：trousers/ sleeves + where
（2）先行詞前面有無特殊的詞？
有不定代詞修飾：all/every/little/much+ …+ that
有最高級/序數(shù)詞修飾：the best/second … + that
有just the/ the very/ the only/ the last等修飾：+ that
有who/which疑問詞：+ that(避免重復(fù))
有the same/ such/ as修飾：一般+ as
�。ㄗ⒁猓� ①第一個as是否為一個以as結(jié)尾的搭配，如regard…as；
②區(qū)分such…as（定從）與such …that“如此…以至于”）
�。�3）先行詞在定語從句中充當什么成分？
注意：從句中spend后的“時間”，以及visit后的“地點”，不是狀語，而是賓語，應(yīng)該用不定代詞
4、只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句有哪些情況？
先行詞前為all, everything, nothing,something, anything, little, much等不定代詞時；
先行詞前有：all, every, no, some, any,little, much, few等不定代詞修飾時；
先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時；
先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時；
先行詞前only, just, very, last有等修飾時；
先行詞是表示人和物混雜的兩個名詞時；
主句是以who, which,開頭的疑問句或先行詞是疑問代詞時；
在修飾時間、地點等先行詞時，只有用that代替when, where等引導(dǎo)詞；
【例】I'll never forget the Sunday (that) you first arrived.
Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink ?
先行詞為reason, way (意為“方法”)時，常用that 代替why,which, in which，也可省略。
引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作表語時，多用that引導(dǎo)。
先行詞是主句表語時；
【例】It is a dictionary that will help you a lot.
當主語以there be 開頭時；
當先行詞是數(shù)詞時；
同一個復(fù)合句里有兩個定語從句，一個用which，另一個通常用that。
5、reason后面用什么引導(dǎo)？way 后面用什么引導(dǎo)？
reason后面的定語從句用why引導(dǎo)。
way 后面定語從句用in which 或 that引導(dǎo)that可以省略。
6、when引導(dǎo)的定語從句等于什么引導(dǎo)的定語從句？
when引導(dǎo)的定語從句等于介詞+ which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
7、where 引導(dǎo)的定語從句等于什么引導(dǎo)的定語從句？
where 引導(dǎo)的定語從句等于介詞＋which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
★8、one of 和 the (only) one of引導(dǎo)的定語從句在主謂一致問題上應(yīng)注意什么？
前者引導(dǎo)的定語從句謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；后者用單數(shù)。
9、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句有和區(qū)別？
限制性定語從句是主句不可缺少的一個部分，缺少后主句意思不完整。非限制性定語從句是對主句的`進一步說明，不要從句對主句意義無多大影響；非限制性定語從句前后有逗號隔開。而且非限制性定語從句中不能用that。
10、as 和which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句在用法上有什么區(qū)別？
as和 which 都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句．都可以代替主句中的整個內(nèi)容或某一成分。
as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以位于句首，并常和know, see, expect等詞連用，意為：“正如……”，而which不能位于句首。
11、as 可以用于哪些結(jié)構(gòu)中引導(dǎo)定語從句？
such... as； the same... as； so ...as..
12、the same…as和 the same…that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句如何區(qū)別？
the same…as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句指的是相同事物，強調(diào)同類。
the same…that引導(dǎo)的定語從句指的是同一物。
13、such…as …和 such…that…如何區(qū)分？
such…as…引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，as必須代替先行詞在其引導(dǎo)的從句中充當成分。
such…that…引導(dǎo)的從句是狀語從句，that只是引導(dǎo)從句并不在其引導(dǎo)的從句中充當成分，在選擇填空首先看從句中是否缺句子成分，如果缺成分就要考慮是定語從句；如果不缺成分就要考慮是狀語成分。
★14、whose 引導(dǎo)定語從句有那些注意點？
whose 作定語，后面跟名詞。一般有三種表示形式：
【例】This is the dictionary whose cover has come off.
= This is the dictionary the cover of which has come off.
= This is the dictionary of which the cover has come off.
★★★15、 “介詞 + 關(guān)系詞” 開頭的定語從句有哪幾種情況？
注意：引導(dǎo)定從的介詞后不能加who/that
�。�1）先行詞在從句中做狀語，用來替換when/where/why的：in/on/from/for/in front of + which/whom:
�。�2）“of所有格”： the+名詞+ of + which/whom； of + which/whom +… the+名詞
�。�3）“某個范圍中的多少”： some/both/the former + of + which/whom; of + which/whom … some…
（4）偶爾可用“介詞+ whose”和“介詞+where”
三、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1、who指人，在從句中做主語
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
2、whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，�？墒÷�。
Mr. Liu is the person (whom)you talked about on the bus.
【注意】關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。
The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3、which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
4、that指人時，相當于who或者whom；指物時，相當于which。在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。
The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
5、whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
�。ㄗ⒁猓簍he + 名詞 + of which/whom�？迹。�
四、介詞+關(guān)系代詞whom/which引導(dǎo)的定語從句（重點）
關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)：
The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
=The school in which he once studied is very famous.
【注意】
1、含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
�。�1）This is the watch which/that I am lookingfor.(T)
（2）This is the watch for which I amlooking. (F)
2、若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose
�。�1）The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)
（2）The man who/that you talked with is my friend.(F)
3、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most,each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞，構(gòu)成some of which/whom等類似結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句。(重點：�？�！)
�。�1）He loved his parents dee*, of whom both are very kind to him.
�。�2）In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
（3）There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
在特定語境中，可以用“介詞+ whose/where”引導(dǎo)定語從句
The boss in whose department Ms King once worked is a kind man.
五、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1、when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語
when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介詞同先行詞搭配)
�。�1）I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
�。�2）The time when we got together finally came.
2、where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語
where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介詞同先行詞搭配)
（1）Shanghai is the city where I was born.
�。�2）The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3、why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語，此時先行詞常為reason。可變?yōu)閒or which（�？迹。�
why=for which
�。�1）Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
（2）I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
【注意】關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換
�。�1）The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.
（2）From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
�。�3）Great changes have taken place in thecity in which/where I was born.
托福閱讀中的定語從句（擴展9）
——定語從句例句3篇
定語從句例句1
限制性定語從句
Can you tell me the date on which the accident happened?
你能告訴我這起事故發(fā)生的日期嗎？
Here is the young man about whom we have heard so much.
這就是我們經(jīng)常聽說的那位年輕人嗎？
The school where /in which we are studying is callled the First Middle School.
我們就讀的那所學(xué)校叫第一中學(xué)。
We’ll go to the place where /at which the accident happpened.
我們將要去事故發(fā)生的那個地方。
The way in which you are doing it is completely crazy.
你做這件事的方式非常瘋狂。
The boss in whose department Mr. King worked had heard about the accident.
金先生工作部門的經(jīng)理聽說了關(guān)于這次事故的情況。
This is the book for which you asked.
這就是你要的那本書。
The man who talked to you just now is an engineer.
剛才和你說話的那個人是一位工程師。
I enjoyed the evening that we spent together by the sea.
我們一起在海邊度過的那個晚上，我過的很愉快。
Here is the pen that you lost the day bofore yesterday.
這是你前天丟失的那支筆。
He is the person I meet in the park yesterday.
他就是我昨天在公園里遇到的那個人。
The lady who came to our class is from Australia.
那位來過我們班的女士來自澳大利亞。
The man who shook hands with our teacher just now is Li Lei’s father.
剛才和我們老師握手的那個人是李雷的父親。
The book you need is sold out.
你需要的那本書賣完了。
I’ll never forget the summer holiday I spent with you.
我絕不會忘記和你一起過的那個暑假。
She is one of the students in our class who are good at English.
她是我們班上英語很好的學(xué)生之一。
He is the only one of my friends who comes from a foreign country.
他是我唯一一個來自外國的朋友。
That is the place which they just now talked about.
那就是他們剛才討論的地方。
You can keep any books that you find.
你可以保留你找到的任何書。
Is this the only thing that he does for his daughter.?
那就是他為女兒做的唯一一件事嗎？
The storybook I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.
我剛才看到的那本故事書不容易忘記。
Do you know the person I spoke to just now?
你認識剛才和我說話的那個人嗎？
The first lesson that Miss Lee gave us in the school is unforgettable.
李老師在學(xué)校給我們上的第一節(jié)課令人難忘。
Everything that we saw there was interesting.
我們在那兒看到的東西都很有趣。
Who is the lady that is standing over there withAnn?
何安一起站在那兒的那位女士是誰？
Wuhan is the hottest city that I have been to.
武漢是我去過的最熱的城市。
I’m interested in all that I have seen。
我對我所看到的一切都很感興趣。
Is he the man that talked with your teacher yesterday?
他就是昨天與你老師談話的那個人嗎？
Have you got the book that you need。
你得到你需要的那本書嗎？
She was not on the train which arrived just now.
她不在剛到的這趟火車上。
It sounded like a truck that was going by my house.
聽上去像是一輛卡車正從我家旁邊經(jīng)過。
Have you got something that he wanted。
你有他要的東西嗎？
It is the sillest argument that I have heard.
那是我聽過的最愚蠢的爭論。
He wants the same book that I have.
他想要我有的那本書。
The first thing that she would do is to have her hair fixed.
她應(yīng)當做的第一件事情是做個發(fā)型。
The passengers and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another place.
仍在等待的乘客和行李只得被轉(zhuǎn)移到另一架飛機上。
I will tell you all that I know.
我會把我知道的一切都告訴你。
The very thing that brought about a complete change in her life was the liberation.
正是**給她的命運帶來了徹底的轉(zhuǎn)變。
That is the very thing I’ve been looking for.
那正是我要找的東西。
This is the same girl that came to borrow an English book two days ago. 這個女孩就是兩天前來借英語書的那個。
Rose told me all that had happened to Oliver.
露西把奧利佛所發(fā)生的事情都告訴了我。
Because of my poor memory,everything that you told me has been forgotten.
由于我的記憶力不好，你告訴我的所有事情都忘記了。
Is there anything that I can do for you?
有什么需要我?guī)兔Φ膯幔?/p>
These are the happiest hours that we have ever spent.
這些都是我們曾一起度過的最快樂的時光。
There’s no film that you ‘ll feel interested in.
沒有你會感興趣的.電影。
Mr. Liu wants to talk to the students whose homework has not been handed in.
劉老師要和那些沒有交作業(yè)的學(xué)生談話。
Can you tell me the name of the factory you visited last week.
你能告訴我上星期你參觀的那家工廠的名字嗎？
I don’t like the way you speak to her.
我不喜歡你對她說話的方式。
The most important thing that we should pay attention to is the first thing that I have said.
我們應(yīng)該注意的最重要的事情就是我說過的第一件事。
She spent the whole evening talking about things and people that none of us had heard of.
她整晚都在談?wù)撃切┪覀冋l也沒聽說過的人和事。
He makes good use of the time that he can spare.
他充分利用他能抽出來的時間。
He is the only one of the three who has got the new idea.
他是三個人中惟一一個想到了這個新主意的人。
All that are present burst into tears.
所有到場的人都突然大哭起來。
He was the only person in his company that was invited.
他是他那個公司里惟一一個被邀請的人。
The people that were mentioned by him were honest.
他所提到的那些人都很誠實。
I shall do it in the same way that you did.
我要按你的方法去做。
Anyone who does this kind of job shouldn’t be careless.
誰干這種工作，誰都疏忽不得。
Who that has seen him doesn’t like him.
見過他的人誰不喜歡他呢？
Which is the magazine that you borrowed yesterday?
哪本是你昨天借的雜志？
I’ll tell you all that I know
我會把我知道的一切都告訴你。
This is the best movie that I have ever seen
這是我看過的最好的電影。
You can take any room that you like.
你隨便要哪個房間都行。
Guilin is a beautiful place that people from all over the world want to visit.
桂林是個漂亮的地方，全世界的人們都想去游覽。
There are moments when I forget all about it
有時候我完全忘記了這一切。
The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far-away villiage.
這部電影使我想起了我在那個遙遠的村莊里被悉心照顧的那段時光。
My girl friendtold me that December 20 is the day when she was born
我的女朋友告訴我說12月20日是她出生的日子。
He will never forget the day when he began to learn English.
他永遠不會忘記他開始學(xué)英語的那一天。
July and August are the months when the weather is cold in New Zealand.
七，八月份是新西蘭天氣很冷的月份。
Do you stilll remember the hours when we had a party in the park?
你還記得那次我們在公園開晚會的時光嗎？
Don’t you remember that day when we first came here?你不記得我們第一次來這兒的那一天了嗎？
I can never forget the days when we worked together and the days we spent together.
我永遠忘不了我們一起工作和一起度過的時光。
This is the house where I once lived.
這就是我曾經(jīng)住過的房子。
The town where my father grew up is not far from here.
我爸爸長大的那個小鎮(zhèn)離這兒不遠。
After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.
在巴黎生活50年后，他回到了兒時生活的那個小鎮(zhèn)。
You should make it a rule to leave things at a place where you can find them again.
你應(yīng)該定下個規(guī)矩把東西放在你以后能找著的地方。
The house in which I spent my childhood isn’t far away.
那間讓我度過了童年的放在離這兒不遠。
“The days when /on which I met that famous pop star was the greatest of my life.”said the fan.
這位歌迷說：“見到這位著名歌星的那天是我一生最棒的日子。”
In the dark street ,there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在黑暗的街道上，沒有一個她可以尋求幫助的人。
非限制性定語從句
In fact the Swede didn’t understand the threee questions,which were asked in French.
事實上，那位瑞典人不理解那三個用法語問的問題。
Tracy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which,of course , made the others unhappy.
特雷西總是夸耀她在戲中的角色，這當然令其他人不高興。
He marrried her,which was natural.
他和她結(jié)婚了，這是很自然的事。
He said he had never met her,which is not true.
他說他從未見過他，這不是真的。
The weather turned out to be very good,which we hadn’t expected.
結(jié)果天氣非常好，這是我們沒有預(yù)料到的。
I tried to get out of the business,which I found impossible.
我試圖從這件事中脫身出來，但我發(fā)覺這很難。
I have bought such a watch,which was advertised on TV.
我買了一塊手表，它在電視上做了廣告的。
He succeeded in the compotition,which made his parents very happy.
他在競賽中取得了成功這讓他的父母非常高興。
This summer I want to go to Hangazhou, where there is a beautiful lake.
這個夏天我想去杭州，那里有個美麗的湖。
Miss Green woirks in a hospital,which is only a 10-minute walk from here.
格林**在醫(yī)院工作，那里離這兒只有10 分鐘的路程。
I came to London,where I found him
我來到了倫敦，在那兒我找到了他。
Tom hid himself behind the door ,from where he could hear the steps of his mother clearly.
湯姆藏在門背后，從那里他能清楚的聽到****腳步聲。
She will never forget September 1,when she had her first history lesson as a teacher.
她永遠也不會忘記9月1日。那天她第一天當老師，上的是一節(jié)歷史課。
Mery Smith,who is standing on the cornber,wants to meet you.
瑪麗．史密斯—在那個角落里站著的那個人——想見你。
Her brother,who is a teacher,is strict with her.
她的哥哥是位老師，對她要求很嚴格。
We shall have to make a decision about Ms.King ,whose story I’ve just told you.
關(guān)于金女士，我們得做個決定，她的情況我剛才已經(jīng)告訴你們了。
Have you seen the film, whose leading actor is world famous?
你看過《泰坦尼克號》嗎？片中的男主角世界聞名。
He paid the boy $50 for washing ten windows,most of which had not been cleaned for at least a year.
他付給那個男孩50美元洗10個窗子，大部分窗子至少有一年沒有洗了。
Mr. Brown has written a novel,the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.
布朗先生寫了一部小說，書名我完全忘記了。
Mr. White wrote many articles ,some of which were translated into Chinese.懷特先生寫了不少文章，其中一些被譯成了中文。
He has some novels,all of which are written in Russian.
他有一些小說，都是用俄語寫的。
This kind of book is for children,the native language of whom is Chinese.
這種書是供母語是漢語的兒童看的。
托福閱讀中的定語從句（擴展10）
——定語從句復(fù)習(xí)3篇
定語從句復(fù)習(xí)1
對于初中學(xué)生朋友，學(xué)習(xí)是一個循序漸進的過程，需要日積月累。物理網(wǎng)提供了英語定語從句復(fù)習(xí)重點，希望對大家學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。
As在定語從句中的用法
1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
(1)as多與such 或the same連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。
(2)as 也可單獨使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，作用相當于which。例如：The elephant's nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.
(3)the same… that與 the same …as在意思上是不同的。
2.As引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的位置
as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面.中間或后面，一般用逗號與主句隔開，但which所引導(dǎo)的'非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。例如：
(1) As is expected, the England team won the football match.
(2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.
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