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when和while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的區(qū)別及用法

when和while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的區(qū)別及用法

  連接時間狀語從句的連接詞有:when、before、after、while、assoonas、until、since......如果主句是一般將來時,從句只能用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義。下面小編為您收集整理了when和while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的區(qū)別及用法,歡迎閱讀!

  when和while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的基本區(qū)別:

  (一)、when,while都有“當(dāng)……時候”的意思。

  when既可表示某一點時間,也可以表示某一段時間 。在when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,其謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的,也可以是非延續(xù)性的,可與主句中的謂語動詞同時發(fā)生,也可在其后發(fā)生。

  例如: 1、I was just reading a book when she came into my room.

  她走進我房間時,我正在看書。

  2、Were you writing when the teacher came in?

  老師進來的時候,你在寫信嗎?

  3、When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.

  他小時候就常常試驗一些新的設(shè)想。

  (二)、while只能表示某一段時間,不能表示某一點時間。

  在while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,其謂語動詞只能是延續(xù)性的,而且也只能與主句中的謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或存在。

  例1、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.

  正當(dāng)吉姆修自行車時,林濤來看他。

  2、You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV.

  你不能一邊看電視一邊做家庭作業(yè)。

  (三)、另外,when和while的區(qū)別還在于:

  while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句多用進行時態(tài),而when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句多用一般時態(tài)。

  例如:

  1、While they were talking , the bell rang.

  正在他們談話的時候,上課鈴響了。

  2、I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.

  昨天晚上媽媽回家的時候,我正在做家庭作

  通過觀察,我們可以這樣理解:when引導(dǎo)的從句里動作發(fā)生的時間相對主句動作發(fā)生的'時間要短些;while引導(dǎo)的從句里的動作發(fā)生的時間相對主句而言更長些。

  when和while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的講解:

  When,While,As引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的區(qū)別

  when,while,as顯然都可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,但用法區(qū)別非常大。

  一、when可以和延續(xù)性動詞連用,也可以和短暫性動詞連用;而while和as只能和延續(xù)性動詞連用。

  ① Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(get為短暫性動詞)你已經(jīng)找到如此好的工作,為何還想再找新的?

 、赟orry,I was out when you called me.(call為短暫性動詞)對不起,你打電話時我剛好外出了。

 、跾trike while the iron is hot.(is為延續(xù)性動詞,表示一種持續(xù)的狀態(tài))趁熱打鐵。

  ④ The students took notes as they listened.(listen為延續(xù)性動詞)學(xué)生們邊聽課邊做筆記。

  二、when從句的謂語動詞可以在主句謂語動作之前、之后或同時發(fā)生;while和as從句的謂語動作必須是和主句謂語動作同時發(fā)生。

  1.從句動作在主句動作前發(fā)生,只用 when。

 、賅hen he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先發(fā)生)當(dāng)他完成作業(yè)后,他休息了一會兒。

 、赪hen I got to the airport,the guests had left.(got to后發(fā)生)

  當(dāng)我趕到飛機場時,客人們已經(jīng)離開了。

  2從句動作和主句動作同時發(fā)生,且從句動作為延續(xù)性動詞時,when,while,as都可用。

 、賅hen /While /As we were dancing,a stranger came in.(dance為延續(xù)性動詞)當(dāng)我們跳舞時,一位陌生人走了進來。

 、赪hen /While /As she was making a phone call,I was writing a letter.(make為延續(xù)性動詞)當(dāng)她在打電話時,我正在寫信。

  3.當(dāng)主句、從句動作同時進行,從句動作的時間概念淡化,而主要表示主句動作發(fā)生的背景或條件時,只能用 as。這時,as常表示“隨著……”;“一邊……,一邊……”之意。

 、 As the time went on,the weather got worse.(as表示“隨著……”之意)

 、 The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.

  隨著高度的增加,大氣越來越稀薄。

 、跘s years go by,China is getting stronger and richer.

  隨著時間一年一年過去,中國變得越來越富強了。

 、躎he little girls sang as they went.小姑娘們一邊走,一邊唱。

 、軹he sad mother sat on the roadside,shouting as she was crying.

  傷心的媽媽坐在路邊,邊哭邊叫。

  4.在將來時從句中,常用when,且從句須用一般時代替將來時。

 、資ou shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我讀完這本書后,你可以借閱。

 、赪hen the manager comes here for a visit next week,Ill talk with him about this.下周,經(jīng)理來這參觀時,我會和他談?wù)劥耸隆?/p>

  三、when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中(指過去的事情)。

  sb.had hardly(=scarcely) done sth.when...=Hardly / Scarcely had sb.done sth.when...

 、買 had hardly /scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.=Hardly / Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.我剛一閉上眼,就有人在敲門了。

  ②I had hardly /scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang.=Hardly /Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang.

  我剛一走進房門,電話就響了。

  Whenwhileas的區(qū)別

 、賥hen是at or during the time that, 既指時間點,也可指一段時間;

  while是during the time that,只指一段時間,因此when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中的動詞可以是終止性動詞,也可以是延續(xù)性動詞,而while從句中的動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。

 、趙hen 說明從句的動作和主句的動作可以是同時,也可以是先后發(fā)生;while 則強調(diào)主句的動作在從句動作的發(fā)生的過程中或主從句兩個動作同時發(fā)生。

  ③由when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,主句用過去進行時,從句應(yīng)用一般過去時;如果從句和主句的動作同時發(fā)生,兩句都用過去進行時的時候,多用while引導(dǎo),如:

  a. When the teacher came in, we were talking.

  當(dāng)此句改變主從句的位置時,則為:

  While we were talking, the teacher came in.

  b. They were singing while we were dancing.

 、躻hen和while 還可作并列連詞。when表示“在那時”;while表示“而,卻”,表對照關(guān)系。如:

  a. The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike.

  孩子們正要跑過去搬開那袋米,這時他們聽到了摩托車的聲音。

  b. He is strong while his brother is weak.

  他長得很結(jié)實,而他弟弟卻很瘦弱。

  拓展:時間狀語從句知識點總結(jié)

  1.When既可引導(dǎo)一個持續(xù)動作,也可引導(dǎo)一個短暫動作,可用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生或從句動作先于主句動作。當(dāng)主句是將來時,從句的時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在時。(when在實際中用得最多)

  I told my children when Lincoln was your age he walked twelve

  miles to school everyday. But my son said, Thats nothing. When he was your age, he was president.

  我告訴我的孩子:當(dāng)林肯你那么大歲數(shù)時他每天走12英里去學(xué)校,我兒子說,那沒什么,當(dāng)他你那么大歲數(shù)時已經(jīng)當(dāng)總統(tǒng)了。

  theres a side to President Reagan that people dont know. When he was a young man, he read complete works of Shakespeare. Of course, when Reagan was young, Shakespeare hadnt written all that

  里根總統(tǒng)還有一面人們并不知道,年輕時他曾讀過莎士比亞全集當(dāng)然里根年輕時莎士比亞還沒寫那么多。

  注:諷刺里根讀書少,歲數(shù)大。

  當(dāng)when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句為系表結(jié)構(gòu),而且其主語和主句的主語一致,其標(biāo)語又是一個名詞,就可以以as引導(dǎo)的省略句來代替when引導(dǎo)的從句。如:

  As a young man, he read complete works of Shakespeare.

  他年輕時讀過莎士比亞全集。

  When the game is finished, the king and the pawn[卒] go into to the same box.

  游戲結(jié)束時,國王和士兵進入同一個盒子。

  注:人生就象一場游戲,游戲結(jié)束時,億萬富翁也好,平頭百姓也好都進入一樣大小的棺材(或骨灰盒)。Finish為短暫動作,從句動作先于主句動作。

  場景再現(xiàn):在籌集善款的晚會上,可以這么調(diào)侃:

  How noisy an audience can be when you ask for quiet ____ and how quiet it can be when you ask for money.

 。ǘ嗝戳钊梭@奇啊,)當(dāng)你要求安靜時聽眾亂烘烘的當(dāng)你要錢時全場一片寂靜。

  2.While引導(dǎo)的動作必須是持續(xù)性的,側(cè)重主句動作和從句動作相對比。如:

  Plumber(水暖工): Im sorry I was late.

  Man: While we were waiting for you, I taught my wife how to swim.

  水暖工:很抱歉我來晚了。

  男人:我們等你的時候,我教我太太學(xué)游泳。

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