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as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的用法

as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的用法

  定語(yǔ)從句(也稱關(guān)系從句、形容詞性從句),是指一類由關(guān)系詞(英語(yǔ):relative word)引導(dǎo)的從句,因?yàn)檫@類從句的句法功能多是做定語(yǔ),所以曾被稱為定語(yǔ)從句(英語(yǔ):attributive clause),這類從句除了可以做定語(yǔ)之外,還可以充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)等其他成分,所以現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)多使用“關(guān)系從句”這一術(shù)語(yǔ)。以下是小編幫大家整理的as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的用法,歡迎大家借鑒與參考,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。

  ove, as is often the case, as/indeed it is

  例:As is well known,great changes have taken place in China. 或Great changes, as is well known, have taken place in China.眾所周知,中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。( as在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。)

  This experiment is very simple,as indeed it is.實(shí)驗(yàn)非常簡(jiǎn)單,事實(shí)上也確實(shí)如此。(as在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)。)

  注意:

 、 which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),也有和as一樣的功能,可以代替整個(gè)句子,但which只能用在主句之后。

 、谠赼s所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,如果運(yùn)用的是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),be動(dòng)詞可以省略;但which沒(méi)有此用法,be動(dòng)詞不可省。例如:She married him,which was unexpected.=She married him as(was) unexpected.她嫁給了她,這一點(diǎn)大家都沒(méi)有料到。(作主語(yǔ),代替前面的句子;用which時(shí)was不可省。)

  二 as除了代替整個(gè)句子,也可以代替主句中一個(gè)特定的詞。as在它引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句(限制性或非限制性)中可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ);在這種用法中它經(jīng)常和such, so, the same等詞搭配使用;且當(dāng)先行詞中有such, so, the same等詞修飾時(shí),關(guān)系代詞通常必須用as。

  例如:1. They were satisfied with this decision,as was agreed beforehand.他們對(duì)這個(gè)決定都滿意,這事先已經(jīng)經(jīng)過(guò)他們同意了。( as在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),其先行詞是this decision)

  2. I never heard such stories as he tells.我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)他講的這類故事。( as在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),先行詞是such stories.)

  3.The place doesn't look the same as it was before liberation.這個(gè)地方看上一去和解放前大不一樣了。( as在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ),先行詞是same)

  4.Have you bought the same book as I referred to yesterday?你有沒(méi)有買我昨天說(shuō)的那本書(shū)。浚 as在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),先行詞是book)

  注意:先行詞中有the same修飾時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句也可用that引導(dǎo),但意思上有區(qū)別,as表示與此同類; that表示就是那一個(gè),同物。

  例如:Have you brought the same book that I gave you yesterday?

  你有沒(méi)有把我昨天給你的那本書(shū)帶來(lái)?( that在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),先行詞是book。體會(huì):本句中所指的書(shū)是同一本,上句中指的是同一類書(shū),而并不就是那一本。)

  介詞+關(guān)系詞怎么用?介詞加關(guān)系詞分別等于什么?

  答:一、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的用法

  當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),我們通常用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如果指“人”,用“介詞+whom”;如果指“物”,用“介詞+which”。例如:

  Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office? Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week?

  ●使用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”要注意以下幾點(diǎn):

 。ㄒ唬┻x用介詞的依據(jù):

 。1) 根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配習(xí)慣(即固定短語(yǔ))。例如:

  Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.

  (2) 根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣(約定俗成,不一定是短語(yǔ))。例如:

  The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.

 。3) 根據(jù)句子的意思來(lái)選擇。例如:

  The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside.

  (4) 表示“所有”關(guān)系或“整體中的一部分”時(shí),通常用介詞of。例如: I have about 20 books, half of which were written by Bing Xin, the famous writer.

 。ǘ┰诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中,含介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不可拆開(kāi)使用(短語(yǔ)拆開(kāi)后含義發(fā)生變化),如look after, look for等。例如:

  The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正) The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(誤)

 。ㄈ皁f which / whom”有時(shí)可以用“whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)改寫(xiě)。例如: The building whose roof was damaged in the earthquake has been

  repaired.

  =The building of which the roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.

 。ㄋ模┊(dāng)先行詞為way并且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常用in which或that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句(in which或that可省略);如果定語(yǔ)從句中不缺少狀語(yǔ),則用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(that 或which 可省略)。例如:

  All of us disliked the way(in which / that)Tom settled the maths problem.

  I don’t understand the way(that/which)the teacher explained to me.

 。ㄎ澹﹊n that不可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,但可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。例如:

  She didn’t attend the meeting in that / because she was seriously ill.

  二、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”與關(guān)系副詞的轉(zhuǎn)化

  (1)當(dāng)先行詞表示地點(diǎn),定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo),此時(shí)也可選用表示地點(diǎn)的介詞+which來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞where。例如:

  I visited the village where many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty.

 。絀 visited the village in which many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty.

 。2) 當(dāng)先行詞表示時(shí)間,定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo),此時(shí)也可選用表示時(shí)間的介詞+which來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞when。例如:

  We’d better fix a date when we will practice speaking English next week.

 。絎e’d better fix a date on which we will practice speaking English next week.

 。3) 當(dāng)先行詞為reason,定語(yǔ)從句中缺少表示原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo),此時(shí)也可以用for which來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞why。例如:

  Can you tell me the reason why you were late for school?

  =Can you tell me the reason for which you were late for school? 介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

  由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句主要用于正式文體中,這兒的關(guān)系代詞主要是which和whom,介詞的選用要根據(jù)句意或一些固定搭配來(lái)確定。

  “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”(關(guān)系代詞一般指的是which/whom)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,有以下幾種情況:

  1.“介詞+which”在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞。如:

 。1)This is the reason for which(=why) he left the company. 這就是他離開(kāi)公司的原因。

 。2)He will never forget the day on which (=when) he went there. 他永遠(yuǎn)忘不了去那兒的那一天。

 。3)Is this company the one in which (=where) you worked half a year ago?這就是半年前你在那兒工作的公司嗎?

  2.“介詞+which/whom”在定語(yǔ)從句中作目的方式狀語(yǔ)。如:

 。1)Can you tell me for whom you are working?

  你能告訴我你現(xiàn)在為誰(shuí)工作嗎?

 。2)There is a big hole on the wall through which he can see what’s happening inside.

  墻上有一個(gè)大洞,通過(guò)這個(gè)洞他能看到里面所發(fā)生的一切。

  (3)The train by which he is travelling is arriving.

  他乘坐的那輛火車就要到了。

  (4)In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街上,沒(méi)有一個(gè)人她可以求助。

  3.“不定代詞數(shù)詞或名詞+of which/whom”在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。如:

 。1)There are sixty students in our class, all of whom are working hard.

  班上有60 名學(xué)生,他們都在努力學(xué)習(xí)。

 。2)He paid the boy ten yuan for cleaning the windows, most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.

  他給了那個(gè)男孩十元錢擦那些至少一年未擦的窗戶。

  4.“形容詞最高級(jí)+介詞+關(guān)系代詞”在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。如:

 。1)There are sixty students in the class, the tallest of whom is Li Ming. 班上有六十名學(xué)生,其中最高的是李明。

  (2)There are seven continents in the world, the largest of which is Asia. 全球有七大洲,最大的是亞洲。

  5.“the+n.+of+which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,相當(dāng)于whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。如:

 。1)We took a photo of a rocket, the length of which was about 30 meters.=We took a photo of a rocket, whose length was about 30 meters. 我們給火箭拍了照,火箭大約長(zhǎng)30米。

  (2)Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable.=Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, whose price was very reasonable.

  最近我買了一個(gè)中國(guó)古代花瓶,價(jià)格非常合理。

  6.“介詞+whose”修飾后面的名詞。如:

  He is the very man in whose pocket I found my lost money.

  他就是那個(gè)我在他的口袋里找出我丟掉的錢的人。

  7.“介詞+which+不定式”此結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)化了的定語(yǔ)從句。如:

 。1)He found something about which to write(=he could write). 他發(fā)現(xiàn)有些事是可以寫(xiě)的。

 。2)The poor man has no house in which to live.=The poor man has no house in which he can live. 這個(gè)窮人沒(méi)有房子住。

  8.介詞的選用要根據(jù)句意或一些固定搭配決定。其中的介詞可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, at, of, without, to。如:

  (1)Galilia built a telescope through which he could study the sky. 伽利略建起了望遠(yuǎn)鏡,通過(guò)望遠(yuǎn)鏡他可以研究天空。

 。2)The cloth of which this coat is made is produced in Shanghai. 這件外套的`布料是由上海制造的。

  (3)He wrote many articles in which he expressed his love for

  his motherland.

  他寫(xiě)了許多文章,在文章中他表達(dá)了對(duì)祖國(guó)的熱愛(ài)。

  但有些含介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不能拆開(kāi),介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞的后面。

  如:listen to, depend on, take care of, pay attention to, look at等。

  This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

  這就是那個(gè)她照顧的非常好的男孩。

  That is a problem we should pay close attention to.

  這是一個(gè)我們應(yīng)該密切關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。

  強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別是:在定語(yǔ)從句中一般使用關(guān)系代詞that, which,who, whom或關(guān)系副詞when, where,why等,先行詞(中心詞)一般是名詞或名詞短語(yǔ),而在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中,可以用副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或從句來(lái)作被強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容。;而在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中則主要使用that,who;

  有時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)句在形式上和定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句很相似。我們除了從意思上進(jìn)行區(qū)分外,還能根據(jù)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)來(lái)進(jìn)行判斷,如能去掉It was...that...后,句子仍然通順,就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。這一點(diǎn)很重要.

  試比較:

  ①It is a question that needs careful consideration.

 、贗t is novels that Miss Williams enjoys reading.

  簡(jiǎn)析:句①是含有定語(yǔ)從句的句子,在此It是指示代詞,It is a question是個(gè)"主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu),如果去掉It is...that,句子結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整了。句②是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,在此It是個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞,沒(méi)有具體含義,如果去掉It is...that,把語(yǔ)序稍加調(diào)整,句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然是完整的。

  區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句 區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句可用還原法,因?yàn)閺?qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句式為 It is (was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+句子的其余部分,因此只需將it is(was) 后面的部分還原到原來(lái)的句子中,如果成份完整,則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,如果成份不完整則為定語(yǔ)從句。

  1) It is this street _______I happened to meet him.

  It is in this street _______I happened to meet him.

  A.that

  B.where

  C.which

  D.from which 首先,我們看到主句部分為 it is結(jié)構(gòu),可能是定語(yǔ)從句可能是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,利用還原法,將兩部分分別還原,得出1.I happened to meet him this street. 2.I happened to meet him in this street. 1句子成份不完整,為定語(yǔ)從句,用where;2句子成份完整為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,選that。

  2) Where did you meet him?

  It is in the cinema_______ I met him.

  It is in the cinema_______ door faces west.

  A.that

  B.where

  C.whose

  D.which 仍然采取還原法,得出1.I met him in the cinema. 2.Door faces west in the cinema. 1句子成份完整,確定為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,用that選A;2明顯不是一個(gè)意思表達(dá)清楚的句子,其實(shí)本句是一個(gè)省略句,全句為:It is in the cinema _______door faces west that I met him. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句部分已經(jīng)省略,而句中door faces west 是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,表示門朝西開(kāi)的電影院,因此選C,whose 在做題中我們經(jīng)常可以看見(jiàn)帶有定語(yǔ)從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句,這時(shí)仍可用還原法加以辨別:

 。1) Was it in the cinema _______Smith met you _______you saw the film?

  A.that, that B.whom, then C.where, that D.which, where (C)

 。2) Where did you found XingMing? It was in the office _______he worked. A.this B.which

  在定語(yǔ)從句中one of 后的先行詞若是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式,the only one of 后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用的是單數(shù)形式。

  e.g. Tom is one of the boy students in our class who are often late. Tom is the only one of the boy students in our class who is often late.

  5. 代詞/名詞+ 定語(yǔ)從句,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與所修飾的詞一致。 I , who am wrong, should apologize to him. 我錯(cuò)了,應(yīng)該向他道歉。

  She came across a former classmate who is very wealthy.

  注意:在“ one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”,定語(yǔ)從句一般看作修飾復(fù)數(shù)名

  詞,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);在“the only one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)

  從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)視為修飾單數(shù)名詞,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 This is one of those cars that were damaged in the accident.

  這是事故中被損壞的車中之一。

  She is the only one of the girls who is interested in literature.

  她是這些人中唯一喜歡文學(xué)的女孩。

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