英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法賓語(yǔ)從句講解
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法賓語(yǔ)從句講解
講解,漢語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ),意思是解說(shuō),解釋。以下是小編幫大家整理的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法賓語(yǔ)從句講解,供大家參考借鑒,希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法賓語(yǔ)從句講解 1
賓語(yǔ)從句作為一個(gè)重要的語(yǔ)法知識(shí),是每年高考的必考點(diǎn),賓語(yǔ)從句使用也有很多應(yīng)只注意的地方,今天我們就總結(jié)了高中英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從今常見的四點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤,希望對(duì)同學(xué)們有用處!
一、高中賓語(yǔ)從句要點(diǎn)之時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)
1. 如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)或祈使句時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句可根據(jù)情況使用各種時(shí)態(tài)。例如:
I hear she is here today(she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.)
2. 如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。例如:
He said he was watching TV(he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school)。
3. 如賓語(yǔ)從句所敘述的是客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象或科學(xué)真理等,從句不受主句時(shí)態(tài)限制,仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如:
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
二、高中賓語(yǔ)從句要點(diǎn)之引導(dǎo)詞的使用
1. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句由陳述句變化而來(lái)時(shí),用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句,that常無(wú)具體意義,一般可省略。例如:
Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very boring.
2. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是由一般疑問(wèn)句變化而來(lái)時(shí),要用if或whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句。例如:
David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night.
3. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是由特殊疑問(wèn)句變化而來(lái)時(shí),原句中的疑問(wèn)詞充當(dāng)連接代詞(如who, whose, what, which)或連接副詞(如when, where, why, how),引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。例如:
Do you know what we can do on the island?
I don’t know why Jane was late for school this morning.
三、高中賓語(yǔ)從句要點(diǎn)之語(yǔ)序的陳述化
賓語(yǔ)從句一般要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。例如:
When did he leave? I want to know. →I want to know when he left.
Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? →Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day?
四、高中賓語(yǔ)從句要點(diǎn)之否定轉(zhuǎn)移
當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think, believe, suppose等動(dòng)詞,且主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí),從句的否定要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。例如:
I don’t believe he is here on time, is he?
I don’t think Tom is the best student in his class, is he?
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法賓語(yǔ)從句講解 2
一.賓語(yǔ)從句的含義
在主句中做賓語(yǔ)的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。
如:She knew that the teacher had seen the film.
她知道這位老師看過(guò)這部電影。
“that the teacher had seen the film”做 knew 的賓語(yǔ),同時(shí)又是由連接詞 that 引導(dǎo)的從句,所以它叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。
二.賓語(yǔ)從句的分類
1. 動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)從句:顧名思義,它是位于動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。
如:He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他問(wèn)我們班上誰(shuí)的書法最好。
2.介詞賓語(yǔ)從句:顧名思義,它是位于介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。
如:I agree with what you said just now.我同意你剛才說(shuō)的話。
3.形容詞賓語(yǔ)從句:顧名思義,它是位于形容詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。
如:I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要遲到了。
三.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的'連接詞
1. that:沒有含義,在賓語(yǔ)從句中不做成分
2.whether/if:表示是否,在賓語(yǔ)從句中不做成分。
I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道這么多年后,他是否還住在這里。
3.連接代詞:what, which, who, whom, whose(在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主、賓、表和定語(yǔ))
連接副詞:where, when, how, why(在賓語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ))
The small children don't know what is in their stockings.(what 在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ))
這些小孩子不知道什么在他們的長(zhǎng)筒襪里。
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?(why 在賓語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ))
你能告訴我為什么你今天早上開會(huì)遲到嗎?
四.在做賓語(yǔ)從句的題目時(shí)應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)
1. 時(shí)態(tài):
、佼(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句可以根據(jù)需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。
I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他將何時(shí)回來(lái)。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來(lái)了。
、诋(dāng)主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句必須是一種過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她問(wèn)我是否知道這是誰(shuí)的鋼筆。
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他說(shuō)他會(huì)在晚飯前完成工作。
③當(dāng)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理的句子做賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),任何時(shí)候都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說(shuō)過(guò)地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。
2.語(yǔ)序:任何從句都使用陳述句語(yǔ)序,賓語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)然也不例外。
延伸閱讀:賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有以下三種
1. 引導(dǎo)詞 that只起連接作用,在從句中不作句子成分,在口語(yǔ)中或非正式文體中常省略。
例如:He knew (that) he should work hard.
2. 引導(dǎo)詞 if/ whether,意為“是否”在口語(yǔ)中常用if,連詞if/ whether不能省略。
例如:Tom didn’t know if/ whether his grandpa liked the present.
3. 由疑問(wèn)代詞和疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
疑問(wèn)代詞有:what,who,whom,whose,
which等,在賓語(yǔ)從句中主要充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)等。疑問(wèn)副詞有:when, where, why, how, 在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式狀語(yǔ)。
例如:1) We don’t know who will win the match. (who作從句的主語(yǔ))
2) The teacher asked the new student which class he was in? (which作從句的定語(yǔ))
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法賓語(yǔ)從句講解 3
賓語(yǔ)從句是一種名詞性從句,在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),或介詞的賓語(yǔ),或形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的不同連詞,賓語(yǔ)從句可分為三類。
1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。that只有語(yǔ)法作用,沒有實(shí)在的意義,在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中可以省略。例如:
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn't know (that)she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。例如:
Do you know who(whom)they are waiting for?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don't know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。If和whether在句中的意思是是否。例如:
I want to know if(whether)he lives there.
He asked me whether(if)I could help him.
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法賓語(yǔ)從句講解 4
賓語(yǔ)從句是一種名詞性從句,它在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)即作賓語(yǔ)的是一個(gè)句子。賓語(yǔ)從句主要注意三大要素:
一、引導(dǎo)詞
1.that(從句是陳述句時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞用that,它本身無(wú)詞義,不充當(dāng)成分,在口語(yǔ)中可省略,但在正式場(chǎng)合不可。。
2.if或whether(從句是一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)用if或whether,含義是“是否”。)if whether一般情況下可以互換,但在構(gòu)成whether……or not句式時(shí)只能用whether。
3.連接代詞,連接代詞(what、which、who、whose)連接副詞(從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)用),連接副詞(when、where、how、why)
二、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序
賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序都用陳述句語(yǔ)序(即正常的主謂語(yǔ)序)。例如:
He says that Tom will miss a lot of lessons
She asked whether we should hold a sports meeting
Do you know what the popalation of Dalianis?
三、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)
1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句可根據(jù)需要選用任何時(shí)態(tài)。例如:
She says that she is good at Chinese.
He Says that he has been ill for three days.
I don’t know if she will come tomorrow.
2.主句是一般過(guò)程時(shí),從句可根據(jù)需要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去某種時(shí)態(tài)。(即一般過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí)等)。例如:
She asked me where I lived.
He said that she had been ill for six days.
He said that he would return soon.
3.當(dāng)從句講述的是客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的影響,都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如:
The teacher said “Light travels faster than sound”
She said that the earth is round
特例:Could you tell me ……委婉的語(yǔ)氣,常按照一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)處理。
Could you tell me where the nearest park is?
真題回放:
例1 (2008·北京)—Do you know for shanghai last night?
——At 9:00
A、what time he leavesB、what time does he leave
C、what time he leftD、What time did he leave
解析:考查賓語(yǔ)從句的用法。對(duì)于賓語(yǔ)從句要注意三要素:語(yǔ)序(陳述語(yǔ)序)、時(shí)態(tài)(主句是過(guò)去式,從句要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去式;主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句根據(jù)需要確定時(shí)態(tài))、引導(dǎo)詞(that, whether/if,特殊疑問(wèn)詞)。B和D語(yǔ)序不正確;由last night可知A項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。故選C。
例2 (2008 重慶)please tell me I have some good mews for him
A、where Robert livesB、where does Robert live
C、where Robert livedD、where did Robert live
解析:考查賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句中要用陳述語(yǔ)序,可排除B、D。由I have some good news for him.” 可知要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),可排除C。故選A。
例3 (2008 河北) You are growing so fast, can you tell me now?
A、how fast are youB、how fast you are
C、how tall are youD、how tall you are
解析:本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句的用法。賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序。根據(jù)題意是問(wèn)Annie多高了,故選D。
例4 (2008,天津)The boys asked
A、When could the goB、what they would do next
C、where they will goD、how did they get there
解析考查賓語(yǔ)從句。對(duì)于賓語(yǔ)從句要注意三點(diǎn):語(yǔ)序/陳述語(yǔ)序)、時(shí)態(tài)(主句是過(guò)去時(shí),從句要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)),引導(dǎo)詞(that、whether/if,特殊疑問(wèn)句)。A、D語(yǔ)序不對(duì),C時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì),故選B
例5(2008,南京)——why did miss wang look so worried when we saw her?
——Because she wondered
A、where did the other students go
B、when would the policeman come
C、what her students have done during the trip
D、if her students had survied the earth—quake
解析:考查賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的考查點(diǎn)有兩個(gè):1)從句部分用陳述語(yǔ)序;2)主句是過(guò)去時(shí),從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)第一點(diǎn),我們排除了本題的A、B項(xiàng)。再根據(jù)第二點(diǎn)我們又排除了C項(xiàng),故選D。
例6(2008,武漢)—Do you know ?
—sorry,I don’t know.
A、Where does limmy workB、where jim my works
C、how does limmy go to workD、what does jinmy do.
解析:考查賓語(yǔ)從句,對(duì)于賓語(yǔ)從句要注意三點(diǎn):語(yǔ)序(陳述語(yǔ)序),時(shí)態(tài)(主句是過(guò)去式,從句要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去式,從句要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去式),引導(dǎo)詞(that,whether/if,特殊疑問(wèn)詞),A、C、D三項(xiàng)都不是陳述語(yǔ)序,故選B。
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