限定性定語(yǔ)從句用法 (菁選2篇)
限定性定語(yǔ)從句用法1
。1)Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人們對(duì)白日做夢(mèng)的態(tài)度正在改變,這與人們對(duì)夜間做夢(mèng)的看法的變化有非常相似之處。
。2)I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某種原因喜歡這種音樂(lè),而他恰恰與我相反。
。3)We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 剛好我們到的那天他們走了。
在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可省略。
。1)The book (that/ which) I am reading is very interesting. 我在讀的書(shū)很有趣。
。2)Is there anything (that) you wanted? 想要什么東西嗎?
限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句用法區(qū)別:
一、 句法的功能、表現(xiàn)形式不同
定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性和非限制性?xún)煞N。限制性定語(yǔ)從句不可缺少先行詞,去掉它主句意思往往就不明確了,它與主句之間通常不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi);非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞的附加說(shuō)明,去掉它也不會(huì)影響主句的意思。如:
Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting? (限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
English is an important subject, which every student should study well. (非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
二、 先行詞不盡相同
限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞往往是某一個(gè)詞,但非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞,也可以是句子的一部分,甚至是整個(gè)主句,此時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般由which或as引導(dǎo),as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常用在as is said / known / expected / mentioned / reported / announced等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:
He has passed the college entrance examination, which makes his parents quite happy.
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
三、 關(guān)系詞的使用情況有所不同
1. that 不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如:
Her father gave her a computer for her birthday,which pleased her a lot.
2. why 不用在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,需用for which代替。如:
I told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the party last week.
3. 關(guān)系代詞替代情況不同
關(guān)系代詞 whom 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可用 who 代替 whom, 但 whom 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可用 who代替。如:
This is the girl whom (who) I have been in love with for six years.
The young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to show all his love for.
4. 關(guān)系代詞省略情況不同
關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的所有關(guān)系代詞均不可省略。如:
She is the new student (whom / who / that) I want to introduce to you.
All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.
四、 下列情形用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
1. 當(dāng)“不定數(shù)量詞 (如some, several) / 數(shù)詞 + of which / whom”表示“整體 (which / whom)中的一部分”的概念時(shí)。如:
We saw many animals in the zoo, some of which are tigers.
There are fifteen new players in our team, two of whom come from Canada.
2. 當(dāng)先行詞為專(zhuān)有名詞或被物主代詞和指示代詞修飾時(shí),其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的。如:
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
Qingdao, where I have been three times, is an attractive city to foreigners.
限定性定語(yǔ)從句用法2
在引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),that有時(shí)相當(dāng)于in which,at which,for which或on which
。1)Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人們對(duì)白日做夢(mèng)的態(tài)度正在改變,這與人們對(duì)夜間做夢(mèng)的看法的變化有非常相似之處。
。2)I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某種原因喜歡這種音樂(lè),而他恰恰與我相反。
。3)We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 剛好我們到的那天他們走了。
在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可省略。
。1)The book (that/ which) I am reading is very interesting. 我在讀的書(shū)很有趣。
。2)Is there anything (that) you wanted? 想要什么東西嗎?
限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句用法區(qū)別:
一、 句法的功能、表現(xiàn)形式不同
定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性和非限制性?xún)煞N。限制性定語(yǔ)從句不可缺少先行詞,去掉它主句意思往往就不明確了,它與主句之間通常不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi);非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞的附加說(shuō)明,去掉它也不會(huì)影響主句的意思。如:
Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting? (限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
English is an important subject, which every student should study well. (非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
二、 先行詞不盡相同
限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞往往是某一個(gè)詞,但非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞,也可以是句子的一部分,甚至是整個(gè)主句,此時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般由which或as引導(dǎo),as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常用在as is said / known / expected / mentioned / reported / announced等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:
He has passed the college entrance examination, which makes his parents quite happy.
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
三、 關(guān)系詞的使用情況有所不同
1. that 不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如:
Her father gave her a com*r for her birthday,which pleased her a lot.
2. why 不用在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,需用for which代替。如:
I told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the party last week.
3. 關(guān)系代詞替代情況不同
關(guān)系代詞 whom 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可用 who 代替 whom, 但 whom 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可用 who代替。如:
This is the girl whom (who) I have been in love with for six years.
The young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to show all his love for.
4. 關(guān)系代詞省略情況不同
關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的所有關(guān)系代詞均不可省略。如:
She is the new student (whom / who / that) I want to introduce to you.
All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.
四、 下列情形用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
1. 當(dāng)“不定數(shù)量詞 (如some, several) / 數(shù)詞 + of which / whom”表示“整體 (which / whom)中的一部分”的概念時(shí)。如:
We saw many animals in the zoo, some of which are tigers.
There are fifteen new players in our team, two of whom come from Canada.
2. 當(dāng)先行詞為專(zhuān)有名詞或被物主代詞和指示代詞修飾時(shí),其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的。如:
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
Qingdao, where I have been three times, is an attractive city to foreigners.
限定性定語(yǔ)從句用法 (菁選2篇)擴(kuò)展閱讀
限定性定語(yǔ)從句用法 (菁選2篇)(擴(kuò)展1)
——非限定性定語(yǔ)從句舉例3篇
非限定性定語(yǔ)從句舉例1
which是最常用的when就不是很常見(jiàn)了.
1. which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)說(shuō)明前面整個(gè)句子的情況或主句的某一部分 (that不能用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句).
例如: Her house,which was built a hundred years ago,stood still in the earthquake.(那座房子在地震中依然聳立,它是一百多年前建造的.)
2、when,where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),作定語(yǔ)從句的狀語(yǔ).when=and then, where =and there.why不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.
如:We will put off the outing until next week,whenwe won't be so busy.我們把郊游推遲到下個(gè)星期,當(dāng)我們不忙的時(shí)候.
另外when前面加了介詞時(shí),when=then
如:That was in 1929,sincewhenthings have been better.
那是在1929年,從那時(shí)起情況就已經(jīng)好轉(zhuǎn)了.
在一種請(qǐng)況就是when可以用prep+which替換
如:I still remembered January 10,on which /whenhe came to see me.
我仍然記得1月10日,他來(lái)看我的那一天.
非限定性定語(yǔ)從句舉例2
引導(dǎo)從句的what:
what的基本意思是“什么”,與用作疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)所表示的意思相同,這個(gè)用法大家可能比較熟悉。如:
I don’t know what he wants. 我不知道他想要什么。
Tell me what you need. 告訴我你需要什么。
what的另一個(gè)意思是“……所……的一切東西”。比較:
I didn’t know what he wanted. 我不知道他想要什么。
I gave her what she wanted. 我給了她想要的一切。
第一句中的 what 表示“什么”,帶有疑問(wèn)的意味;第二句中的 what 表示“所…的一切事或東西”,其用法相當(dāng)于“名詞(用作關(guān)系代詞)+關(guān)系代詞”。下面就what的后一種用法再舉兩個(gè)例子:
What you say is quite true. 你說(shuō)的完全是事實(shí)。
what you say引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句,意思是“你所說(shuō)的情況”,相當(dāng)于everything that you say,其中的everything為先行詞,that you say為修飾它的定語(yǔ)從句。
He saves what he earns. 他賺多少,積蓄多少。
句中的what he ears引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句,用作動(dòng)詞save的賓語(yǔ),意思是“他所賺的錢(qián)”,相當(dāng)于all that he earns,其中all為先行詞,he earns為修飾它的定語(yǔ)從句。
首先請(qǐng)看下列例句:
1. Later they discovered, what was news to him, that Pamela was the headmaster’s daughter.
2. She is bright, and what is better,amiable.
3. She wore,what was common at that time,a red shirt.
從以上例句可以看出,這里的what似乎起了一種指代作用,這些句子完全可以改為下面的句子:
a. Later they discovered that Pamela was the headmaster's daughter, which was news to him.
b. She is bright and amiable, which is better. (與原句意義不符合)
c. She wore a red shirt, which was common at that time.
由以上的轉(zhuǎn)換我們基本上可以得出不完全的結(jié)論,即,what可以引導(dǎo)插入語(yǔ),一般情況下,what可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。再如下面的例句:
4. Jackie made us all annoyed, what was worse, he ruined all our plan.
5. He never joined in the usual sports of the boys, and what is remarkable, never went out in a boat on the river.
6. He is an interesting speaker, and, what is more important, he knows his subject thoroughly.
由以上例句,我們還可以看出,what在引導(dǎo)此類(lèi)插入語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為連系動(dòng)詞。如:
7. I lost the chance, what seemed worse, nobody would employ me.
另外對(duì)于what一詞,補(bǔ)充如下詞組和短語(yǔ),請(qǐng)大家以饗:
1. and what not 等等。如:I bought sugar, tea, eggs and what not.
2. give what for 斥責(zé)、懲罰。如:I'll give you what for if you don't stop that noise!
3. guess what 告訴你一個(gè)消息。Guess what! The boss is getting married.
4. I'll tell you what 我有一個(gè)主意。如:I'll tell you what--I'll be leaving for London soon.
5. know what is what 了解情況,在行。如:He's a clever fellow; he knows what's what.
6. know what one's about 有頭腦;會(huì)處理困境。如:It's a dangerous job, but I know what it's about.
7. or what 還是怎么的。如:Shall we go or what?
8. so what 那又怎么樣。如:You see he'll fire me. So what?
9. what for 做什么用。如:What are you running for? What's this switch for?
10. what have you 等等這類(lèi)東西;應(yīng)有盡有。如:The store sells big ones, small ones, medium ones, or what have you.
11. what if 要是...怎么辦。如:What if she finds out that you've lost her book?
12. what is what 基本情況。如:When it comes to cooking, Jenny knows what's what?
13. what of... 怎么樣?如:So much for the Westbrooks. What of Shelley? Shelley gave his...
14. What of it? 那又有什么關(guān)系呢?如:--This is the fourth time she's rung you in a week.--Well, what of it?
15. what with 由于...種種原因(多指不快之事)。如:What with the noise and the dogs we could hardly sleep late on Sunday.
非限定性定語(yǔ)從句舉例3
1. that即可**事物也可**人,which**事物;它們?cè)趶木渲凶髦髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略關(guān)系詞,which在從句中作賓語(yǔ)則不能省略。而且,如果which在從句中作“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞”的介詞的賓語(yǔ),注意介詞不要丟掉,而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞which的前邊,但有的則放在它原來(lái)的位置
2. which作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),根據(jù)先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系,先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟
3. **物時(shí)多用which,但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which,這些詞包括all, anything, much等,這時(shí)的that常被省略
4. who和whom引導(dǎo)的從句用來(lái)修飾人,分別作從句中的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),要注意它可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)也可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)
5. where是關(guān)系副詞,用來(lái)表示地點(diǎn)的定語(yǔ)從句
6. when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間
〔注〕值得一提的是,表示時(shí)間“time"一詞的定語(yǔ)從句只用when引導(dǎo),有時(shí)不用任何關(guān)系代詞,當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo)
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是關(guān)系代詞,修飾名詞作定語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于所修飾成分的前置所有格
8. 當(dāng)從句的邏輯主語(yǔ)是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時(shí),常用there is來(lái)引導(dǎo)
限定性定語(yǔ)從句用法 (菁選2篇)(擴(kuò)展2)
——the way定語(yǔ)從句用法 (菁選2篇)
the way定語(yǔ)從句用法1
the way定語(yǔ)從句用法
如果the way在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)則用that/in which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞也可以省略.
如作主、賓、表則用that或which.
一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that,which,who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關(guān)系副詞包括where,when,why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。
三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)
根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),從句不可省去,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi),起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、關(guān)系代詞的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。(that作主語(yǔ))
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(that作賓語(yǔ))
2.which用于指物,在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車(chē)站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語(yǔ))
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語(yǔ))
3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主語(yǔ),whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中,有時(shí)可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。(作主語(yǔ))
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在與李明談話(huà)的老師是誰(shuí)?(作賓語(yǔ))
注意:
。1)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時(shí),who,that,which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。
。2)含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。
。3)that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。
。4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況:
a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。
b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎?
c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車(chē)。
d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)?
f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書(shū)是湯姆的。
。5)關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:
a.先行詞為that, those時(shí),用which, 而不用that.例如:
What‘s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?
b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。
c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來(lái)了,這使我們很高興。
五、關(guān)系副詞的用法
。1)when指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。
。2)where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如:
This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。
。3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒(méi)人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。
the way定語(yǔ)從句用法2
the way定語(yǔ)從句用法
如果the way在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)則用that/in which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞也可以省略.
如作主、賓、表則用that或which.
一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that,which,who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關(guān)系副詞包括where,when,why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。
三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)
根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),從句不可省去,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi),起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、關(guān)系代詞的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。(that作主語(yǔ))
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(that作賓語(yǔ))
2.which用于指物,在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車(chē)站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語(yǔ))
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語(yǔ))
3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主語(yǔ),whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中,有時(shí)可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。(作主語(yǔ))
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在與李明談話(huà)的老師是誰(shuí)?(作賓語(yǔ))
注意:
。1)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時(shí),who,that,which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的'這本英文小說(shuō)。
(2)含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。
。3)that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。
(4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況:
a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。
b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎?
c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車(chē)。
d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)?
f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書(shū)是湯姆的。
。5)關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:
a.先行詞為that, those時(shí),用which, 而不用that.例如:
What‘s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?
b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。
c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來(lái)了,這使我們很高興。
五、關(guān)系副詞的用法
(1)when指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。
。2)where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如:
This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。
。3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒(méi)人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。
限定性定語(yǔ)從句用法 (菁選2篇)(擴(kuò)展3)
——限制性定語(yǔ)從句用法 (菁選2篇)
限制性定語(yǔ)從句用法1
限制性定語(yǔ)從句用法
限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格、明確限定的定語(yǔ)從句,與先行詞的意思關(guān)系非常緊密。
此時(shí)如果把限制性從句移除,先行詞的意思就會(huì)受影響,意思不完整、不清楚或者有很大的變化。
所以,限制性定語(yǔ)從句是不能移除的。
例如:
Give me the article that tells our company.
把講述我們公司的文章給我。
(限定的是“講述我們公司的那篇文章”,而不是別的文章)
Which is the motorb ike that you fixed on the 12th?
哪輛是你12號(hào)修理的摩托車(chē)?
(限定的是“你12號(hào)修的那輛摩托車(chē)”,不是別的或者其他日子修的摩托車(chē))
說(shuō)到定語(yǔ)從句大家肯定都很熟,但是關(guān)于定語(yǔ)從句中總有一個(gè)痛處那就是非限制性定語(yǔ) non-restrictive/ non-defining attributive clauses和限制性定語(yǔ)從句restrictive attributive clause;其實(shí)區(qū)分很簡(jiǎn)單,從形式上一句話(huà):“which”前面有逗號(hào)的叫非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,沒(méi)有逗號(hào)的就是限制性定語(yǔ)從句;
但是它們的難點(diǎn)其實(shí)根本不在于形式上的區(qū)分,而在于什么時(shí)候該用限制性定語(yǔ)從句和什么時(shí)候該非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,那么就不得不探究一下它們分別的作用;限制性定語(yǔ)從句:用于對(duì)先行詞的意義進(jìn)行修飾,限制和識(shí)別,如果去掉,就會(huì)造成句意不完整或概念不清;
比如:
We arrived the day that(on which) they left.如果把這里的定語(yǔ)從句去掉意思就會(huì)不完整或者改變;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚完整。
Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.
彼得現(xiàn)在回巴黎了,你在倫敦見(jiàn)過(guò)他。這里把定語(yǔ)從句去掉也不會(huì)影響這句話(huà)的主要意思;
The play,whose style is rigidly formal,is typical of the period.
這劇本是那個(gè)時(shí)期的`典型作品,風(fēng)格拘謹(jǐn)刻板。
Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.
水是一種清澈的液體,有許多用途。
比如:
I have a brother who is a doctor.
(言外之意是我的弟弟不止1個(gè))
I have a brother , who is a doctor.
(言外之意是我只有一個(gè)弟弟)
總之,限制性定語(yǔ)從句能不能用主要就看前面的先行詞能不能被分類(lèi), 如果上個(gè)例子中我只有1個(gè)弟弟那就只能用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,因?yàn)楦静恍枰孟拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句分類(lèi)挑出來(lái);同理,只有當(dāng)我有好幾個(gè)弟弟的時(shí)候,才能用限制性定語(yǔ)從句去區(qū)分
限制性定語(yǔ)從句用法2
限制性定語(yǔ)從句用法
限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格、明確限定的定語(yǔ)從句,與先行詞的意思關(guān)系非常緊密。
此時(shí)如果把限制性從句移除,先行詞的意思就會(huì)受影響,意思不完整、不清楚或者有很大的變化。
所以,限制性定語(yǔ)從句是不能移除的。
例如:
Give me the article that tells our company.
把講述我們公司的文章給我。
(限定的是“講述我們公司的那篇文章”,而不是別的文章)
Which is the motorb ike that you fixed on the 12th?
哪輛是你12號(hào)修理的摩托車(chē)?
(限定的是“你12號(hào)修的那輛摩托車(chē)”,不是別的或者其他日子修的摩托車(chē))
說(shuō)到定語(yǔ)從句大家肯定都很熟,但是關(guān)于定語(yǔ)從句中總有一個(gè)痛處那就是非限制性定語(yǔ) non-restrictive/ non-defining attributive clauses和限制性定語(yǔ)從句restrictive attributive clause;其實(shí)區(qū)分很簡(jiǎn)單,從形式上一句話(huà):“which”前面有逗號(hào)的叫非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,沒(méi)有逗號(hào)的就是限制性定語(yǔ)從句;
但是它們的難點(diǎn)其實(shí)根本不在于形式上的區(qū)分,而在于什么時(shí)候該用限制性定語(yǔ)從句和什么時(shí)候該非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,那么就不得不探究一下它們分別的作用;限制性定語(yǔ)從句:用于對(duì)先行詞的意義進(jìn)行修飾,限制和識(shí)別,如果去掉,就會(huì)造成句意不完整或概念不清;
比如:
We arrived the day that(on which) they left.如果把這里的定語(yǔ)從句去掉意思就會(huì)不完整或者改變;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚完整。
Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.
彼得現(xiàn)在回巴黎了,你在倫敦見(jiàn)過(guò)他。這里把定語(yǔ)從句去掉也不會(huì)影響這句話(huà)的主要意思;
The play,whose style is rigidly formal,is typical of the period.
這劇本是那個(gè)時(shí)期的典型作品,風(fēng)格拘謹(jǐn)刻板。
Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.
水是一種清澈的液體,有許多用途。
比如:
I have a brother who is a doctor.
(言外之意是我的弟弟不止1個(gè))
I have a brother , who is a doctor.
(言外之意是我只有一個(gè)弟弟)
總之,限制性定語(yǔ)從句能不能用主要就看前面的先行詞能不能被分類(lèi), 如果上個(gè)例子中我只有1個(gè)弟弟那就只能用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,因?yàn)楦静恍枰孟拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句分類(lèi)挑出來(lái);同理,只有當(dāng)我有好幾個(gè)弟弟的時(shí)候,才能用限制性定語(yǔ)從句去區(qū)分
限定性定語(yǔ)從句用法 (菁選2篇)(擴(kuò)展4)
——定語(yǔ)從句that和which、who(whom)用法3篇
定語(yǔ)從句that和which、who(whom)用法1
that和which的用法區(qū)別:
在定語(yǔ)從句中,關(guān)系代詞which和 that都可指物,一般情況下,可以互換使用。但在下列情況下值得注意:
A. 只能用that而不能用which的情形
(1) 當(dāng)先行詞為:all, little, few, much, none 及 some-, any-, no-, every- 與 thing 所組成的復(fù)合單詞時(shí),只能用that。如:
There is nothing that will stop us making progress. 沒(méi)有事情會(huì)阻止我們進(jìn)步。
(2) 當(dāng)先行詞前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等形容詞修飾時(shí),只能用that。如:
This is the only problem that we can’t work out. 這是我們不能解決的唯一的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。
(3) 當(dāng)先行詞由形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),只能用that。如:
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 這是我讀過(guò)的最有趣的書(shū)。
(4) 當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)包括人和物時(shí),只能用that。如:
Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 人們認(rèn)為我們所熟識(shí)的魯迅及其作品都很偉大。
(5) 當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí),只能用that。如:
This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. 這就是那本自上周以來(lái)我一直在尋找的書(shū)。
(6) 當(dāng)主句是以which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí),只能用that。如:
Which is the picture that you drew yesterday? 你昨天畫(huà)的那張畫(huà)是哪一張?
B. 只能用which而不能用that的情形
(1) 當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的先行詞指物時(shí),只能用which。如:
The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing. 那個(gè)鉛筆盒,我上周買(mǎi)的,現(xiàn)在不見(jiàn)了。
(2) 關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí),只能用which。如:
The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down. 我們過(guò)去常在下面休息的那棵樹(shù)已砍掉了。
(3) 先行詞為代詞that或that所修飾時(shí),只能用which。如:
I don’t take that which is too expensive. 我不要太貴的那一個(gè)。
who (whom) 和that的用法區(qū)別詳解:
在定語(yǔ)從句中,關(guān)系代詞who (whom) 和that都可指人和物,在一般情況下,可以互換使用,但在下列情況下值得注意:
一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形
(1) 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的先行詞指人時(shí),只能用who (whom)。如:
My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐,她***學(xué)習(xí),就在圣誕節(jié)前給我寄來(lái)了漂亮的禮物。
(2) 當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)指人的先行詞進(jìn)行隔位修飾時(shí),只能用who (whom)。如:
Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你認(rèn)識(shí)黑板前面正在給學(xué)生們講話(huà)的那位女孩子嗎?
(3) 當(dāng)先行詞為people和those時(shí),只能用who (whom)。如:
Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那兒的人請(qǐng)來(lái)這邊。
(4) 當(dāng)先行詞為one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 時(shí),只能用who (whom)。如:
Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反對(duì)我們的人就是我們的敵人。
(5) 先行詞指人,而關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),一般多用who。如:
The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天來(lái)這兒的那個(gè)人說(shuō)過(guò)幾天他會(huì)再來(lái)。
(6) 在there be句型中名詞的定語(yǔ)從句多用who (whom)。如:
There are students in our class who / whom you have met. 我們班有些學(xué)生你見(jiàn)過(guò)。
(7) 當(dāng)句子中有兩個(gè)指人的現(xiàn)行詞分別帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),若一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的.引導(dǎo)詞為that, 那么,另一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞必定為who。如:
The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university. 剛才你會(huì)到的那個(gè)男孩是李明的剛從大學(xué)畢業(yè)的弟弟。
二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形
(1) 當(dāng)先行詞前面有形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞只能用that。如:
The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong. 在為我們隊(duì)踢足球的最高哪個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員來(lái)自山東。
(2) 當(dāng)先行詞前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very形容詞修飾時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞只能用that。如:
He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher. 他是唯一的一個(gè)對(duì)老師說(shuō)“不”的學(xué)生
(3) 當(dāng)主句是以who開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞只能用that。如:
Who is woman that you talked with just now? 剛才跟你談話(huà)的那位婦女是誰(shuí)?
(4) the same as與the same that
the same as所引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容與先行詞同類(lèi)而不同物;the same that表示所引導(dǎo)的從句內(nèi)容與先行詞同類(lèi)同物,即:同一事物。如:
She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. 她正穿著我?guī)滋烨八鶃G失的上衣。(暗含:她偷了我的上衣)
She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago. 她正穿著跟我?guī)滋烨八鶃G失的上衣同樣的上衣。(暗含:她所穿的上衣不是我所丟失的那一件)
定語(yǔ)從句that和which、who(whom)用法2
that常用作關(guān)系代詞,可指代某人,也可指代某物,指物時(shí)有的時(shí)候可用which替換that,指人時(shí)可用who替換。但在下列情況下,一般用that。
一、that指代某物事時(shí)
1.先行詞為all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等時(shí)。如:
。1)We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered plants and animals.
我們將盡我們的最大努力來(lái)保護(hù)那些瀕危的動(dòng)植物。
(2) There is much that I wan to tell you.
我有很多想要告訴你的話(huà)。
(3) Is there anything that I can do for you?
有什么我可以幫你的嗎?
2. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定詞修飾時(shí)。如:
(4) You can borrow any book that you want to read in our school library.
在我們圖書(shū)館,你可以借任何你想讀的書(shū)。
3. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如:
(5)This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen.
這是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最漂亮的城市。
4. 先行詞被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修飾時(shí)。如:
。6)This is the very factory that they visited last summer holiday.
這恰好是他們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的那個(gè)工廠(chǎng)。
。7)This is the only painting in this style that we have.
這種風(fēng)格的畫(huà)我們僅有一幅。
5. 先行詞是并列結(jié)構(gòu),既有人又有物時(shí)。如:
。8)He talked happily of the writer and his books that interested him.
6. 先行詞前有the same 修飾,表示和先行詞是同一物時(shí)。如:
。9)This is the same purse that I lost yesterday.
這就是我昨天丟的那個(gè)錢(qián)夾。
注:如果表示的是與先行詞同一類(lèi)或相似的某物,則用the same…as….如:
。10)This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.
這個(gè)錢(qián)夾和我昨天丟的那個(gè)一樣。
7. 先行詞為數(shù)詞時(shí)。
。11)Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two that you bought me for my birthday.
瞧書(shū)架上那些書(shū)。你可以看到我過(guò)生日時(shí)你買(mǎi)的那兩本。
8. 如果which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中又含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,為避免重復(fù),第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句用that。如:
。12)They built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.
他們建了一工廠(chǎng),生產(chǎn)以前從未見(jiàn)過(guò)的東西。
9. 以which作主語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭的特殊問(wèn)句,為了避免重復(fù),定語(yǔ)從句用that。如。
。13)Which is the bus that you will take?
你要乘的是哪一班車(chē)?
10. 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí),而且通常省略。如:
。14)My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.
我的家鄉(xiāng)再也不是以前那個(gè)樣子了。
11. 關(guān)系代詞在there be 句型中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),而且?梢允÷。如:
。15)This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.
這是有史以來(lái)最快的列車(chē)。
二、that 指代某人時(shí)。
1. 泛指某人時(shí)。如:
。16)He is a man that is never at a loss.
他是一個(gè)從未一籌莫展的人。
2. 主句是以作主語(yǔ)的who開(kāi)頭的特殊問(wèn)句,為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)。如:
。17)Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster?
和我們校長(zhǎng)說(shuō)話(huà)的那人是誰(shuí)?
3. 先行詞前有the same時(shí)。如:
(18)This is the same man that gave us a talk last year.
這和去年給我們作報(bào)告的是同一人。
4. 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:
。19)He has changed. He was not the man (that) he was 10 years ago.
他變了。他再也不是10年前的他了。
另外,that也可用作關(guān)系副詞,表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因和方式,在口語(yǔ)中可以用來(lái)代替when, where, why 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。在以下名詞day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行詞時(shí),可用that作關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如:
。20)I'll never forget the day (that) I joined the League.
我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我入團(tuán)的那一天。
。21)Is this the reason (that) they were late for the meeting?
這就是他們開(kāi)會(huì)遲到的原因嗎?
。22)We want to find a place (that) we can have a picnic.
我們想找一個(gè)我們能野餐的地方。
。23)This is the first time that I have been abroad for traveling.
這是我第一次到**去旅游。
(注:先行詞是time,前面有序數(shù)詞或last修飾時(shí),常用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句或者省略。)
當(dāng)先行詞為表示方式的詞the way時(shí),可用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句, that?梢允÷浴
。24)I don't the way you speak to her.
我不喜歡你和她說(shuō)話(huà)那種方式。
限定性定語(yǔ)從句用法 (菁選2篇)(擴(kuò)展5)
——定語(yǔ)從句who例句3篇
定語(yǔ)從句who例句1
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。例如:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2) whose 用來(lái)指人或物,(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物,它還可以同of which互換)。例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車(chē)壞了,大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。
3)which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的'名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
指人可用that who, 以下情況多用who;
Those people做先行,There be的結(jié)構(gòu)中;
例句:
1) Those who are for the plan, please raise your hands.
贊成計(jì)劃的人請(qǐng)舉手。
2) People who create com*r viruses are called hackers.
制造電腦病毒的人被稱(chēng)為黑客。
3) There was once a little boy who came to the net bar to play games every night.
曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)小男孩每天晚上都來(lái)網(wǎng)吧玩游戲。
先行指人不定代,從中做主who要在;
先行詞是指人的不定代詞,如 one 、someone 、anyone 、nobody 等詞,或指人的關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ),要用who, 而不用that。
例句:
1)Nobody who knows a little scientific knowledge will believe you.
懂得一點(diǎn)科學(xué)知識(shí)的人都不會(huì)相信你的話(huà)。
解析:nobody是指人的不定代詞,用who, 不用that。
2)The thief who pretended to be a manager was caught stealing a car.
那個(gè)裝扮成經(jīng)理的賊在偷車(chē)時(shí)被當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓獲。
解析:who指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)。
兩個(gè)定從一起來(lái),不要重復(fù)你有才;
一個(gè)先行詞有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),關(guān)系代詞要避免重復(fù)使用。
A plant that can cure diseases, which was known by the ancient Chinese , is called Chinese herbal medicine. 一種能夠治病的,被古代*人所熟知的植物,叫做中藥。
定語(yǔ)從句who例句2
1.who指人在從句中做主語(yǔ)
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩們是一班的.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天,我?guī)椭艘粋(gè)迷路的老人.
2. whom指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),常可省略。(注:who和whom已無(wú)太大區(qū)別,可以通用。)
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked with on the bus. ***就是在公交車(chē)上和你聊天的那個(gè)人.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 凌先生恰巧就是我想見(jiàn)的那個(gè)男孩.
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你剛剛見(jiàn)到的那個(gè)人就是我的朋友.
注意:關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替,可省略。
如果在從句中做賓語(yǔ),就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to. 他就是那個(gè)和我聊天的男人.
如果是在從句中作主語(yǔ)就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book. 他就是那個(gè)有英語(yǔ)書(shū)的男人.
3.which指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多數(shù)男孩都喜歡的游戲.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 這是他昨天剛買(mǎi)的鋼筆.
4. that指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于who或者whom;指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which。
在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時(shí),常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
定語(yǔ)從句who例句3
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。例如:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2) whose 用來(lái)指人或物,(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物,它還可以同of which互換)。例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車(chē)壞了,大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。
3)which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的'名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
指人可用that who, 以下情況多用who;
Those people做先行,There be的結(jié)構(gòu)中;
例句:
1) Those who are for the plan, please raise your hands.
贊成計(jì)劃的人請(qǐng)舉手。
2) People who create com*r viruses are called hackers.
制造電腦病毒的人被稱(chēng)為黑客。
3) There was once a little boy who came to the net bar to play games every night.
曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)小男孩每天晚上都來(lái)網(wǎng)吧玩游戲。
先行指人不定代,從中做主who要在;
先行詞是指人的不定代詞,如 one 、someone 、anyone 、nobody 等詞,或指人的關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ),要用who, 而不用that。
例句:
1)Nobody who knows a little scientific knowledge will believe you.
懂得一點(diǎn)科學(xué)知識(shí)的人都不會(huì)相信你的話(huà)。
解析:nobody是指人的不定代詞,用who, 不用that。
2)The thief who pretended to be a manager was caught stealing a car.
那個(gè)裝扮成經(jīng)理的賊在偷車(chē)時(shí)被當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓獲。
解析:who指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)。
兩個(gè)定從一起來(lái),不要重復(fù)你有才;
一個(gè)先行詞有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),關(guān)系代詞要避免重復(fù)使用。
A plant that can cure diseases, which was known by the ancient Chinese , is called Chinese herbal medicine. 一種能夠治病的,被古代*人所熟知的植物,叫做中藥。
限定性定語(yǔ)從句用法 (菁選2篇)(擴(kuò)展6)
——新概念一定語(yǔ)從句
新概念一定語(yǔ)從句1
一、什么是定語(yǔ)(Attributive) :
a loyal friend 形容詞作定語(yǔ)
a woman teacher 名詞作定語(yǔ)
a girl with long hair 介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)
falling / fallen leaves 分詞作定語(yǔ)
定語(yǔ)從句在句中相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)的成分起修飾的作用。
二、定語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成:
1)which/that
a. Annawas wearing a hat.
b. Itwas too dirty.
定從: Annawas wearing a hat which/that was too dirty. (主語(yǔ))
安娜戴了一頂很臟的帽子。
a. The hat was too dirty.
b. Anna was wearing a hat
定從: The hat that/ which Anna was wearing was too dirty.(賓語(yǔ))
安娜戴著的那頂帽子太臟了。
2). who/whom
a. I meta boy.
b. Theboy can speak three languages.
定從: I met a boy who can speak three languages. (主語(yǔ))
我見(jiàn)到了一個(gè)能說(shuō)三種語(yǔ)言的男孩兒。
a. Theboy can speak three languages.
b. I met a boy.
定從:The boy whom/ who I met can speak three languages. (賓語(yǔ))
我見(jiàn)到的男孩兒能說(shuō)三種語(yǔ)言。
3. whose
a. We saw some people.
b. Their arms had broken.
定從: We saw some people whose arms had broken.
我們看見(jiàn)了一些手臂受了傷的人。
a. The desk belongs to Mary.
b. The leg of the desk is broken.
定從: The deskwhose leg is broken belongs to Mary.
腿壞了的桌子屬于瑪利。
三、只能使用關(guān)系代詞that的幾種情況。
1. 先行詞為all, little, few,much, nothing, something, anything, everything等不定代詞時(shí)
e.g.There is nothing that I can say
2. 先行詞被 all, each, few,much, every, no, some, any 等詞修飾時(shí)
e.g. I have few books that you needed
3. 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)
e.g. He talked about the teachers and schools that he liked
4.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)
e.g. This is the best composition that I have read.
5. 先行詞被the only, the very,the last 等修飾時(shí)
e.g. This is the very man that I am looking for.
6. 主句是以who或which開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句時(shí)
e.g. Who is the man that is holding Mary’s hand?
四、非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 Non-restrictive Attributive Clause
1. “位置形式”:緊接先行詞,不用標(biāo)點(diǎn)分割
e.g. I want to buy the house which has agarden.
2. 用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi),修飾“主句全句或部分內(nèi)容”,可置句末,中,首。
e.g. I want to buy the house, which has agarden.
The earth is round, which is known to all
As is known to all, the earth is round.
3. “先行詞”
限定性: n. / n. phrase
e.g. He wears a red shirt which makes himlike a girl.
非限定性:1). n. / n. phrase
2). the sentence
e.g. He wears a red shirt, which makes himlike a girl.
“關(guān)系詞的用法”
限定性:1).關(guān)系代詞作從句賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省
2). that可替who, whom, which(口)
e.g. This is the book( which/that) I boughtyesterday.
非限定性:1).關(guān)系詞不能用that
2).不能替換,不能省(which, as)
e.g. I like the book, which I bought yesterday
Do you know Tom, whom we talked about?
She has to work on Sundays,which she doesn’t like.
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