考研英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu) (菁選2篇)
考研英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)1
?1. 主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句
“英文多被動(dòng)，漢語(yǔ)多主動(dòng)”，還需要警惕名詞與動(dòng)詞之間暗含的“主被動(dòng)”關(guān)系。
Eg1: It is said that …據(jù)說(shuō)/相傳
Eg2：I suggest that … It is suggested that …
Eg3：Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建議
Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly appreciated. 表感激
Eg5：Students should study hard.
Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.
?2. 簡(jiǎn)單句變從句
名詞性從句，含主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句四種;定語(yǔ)從句;狀語(yǔ)從句
A. 主語(yǔ)從句：
Eg1：What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.
Eg2：It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it為形式主語(yǔ);that從句為真正主語(yǔ))
B.賓語(yǔ)從句：
Eg1：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.
Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.
Eg3：明智的人不為別人的想法所影響。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.
C. 表語(yǔ)從句：
Eg1：That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.
Eg3：In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.
D. 同位語(yǔ)從句
Eg1：(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (該句中a dream = that 從句，)
Eg2：Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.
E. 含同位語(yǔ)句式
A.人 身份
Eg. I am convinced that …
As a college student, I am convinced that …
I, as a college student, am convinced that …
B. 物 性質(zhì)
Eg. A strong will brings us power …
As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…
A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…
插入語(yǔ)
Eg1：As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are perse.
The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are perse.
Eg2：All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.
The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.
Eg3：Even so, others hold a different view.
Others, even so, hold a different view.
Eg4：Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽車(chē)跟很多其他事物一樣，具有兩面性)
Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.
F. 定語(yǔ)從句：
步驟：1)先寫(xiě)出正確簡(jiǎn)單句，確定被修飾成分(中心名詞)
2)在中心名詞后加入定從，關(guān)系詞who, whose, whom, where, which, when
Eg1：Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.
Eg2：I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?
?3. it 句式
A. 形式主語(yǔ) it is +被動(dòng)/形容詞/名詞+that從句/to do …
Eg1：It is suggested/ well-advised / supposed / proposed that sb. should (not) do …
Eg2：It is essential / necessary / advisable / convenient/ difficult/ hard/ comfortable for sb. (not) to do
Eg3：It is essential / necessary that sb. should (not) do …
Eg4：It is useless/useful doing sth.
B. 形式賓語(yǔ)
Eg1：An increasing number of students find it difficult to spell common words correctly.
Eg2：An increasing number of parents find it hard to have opportunities to chat with kids, who spend too much time on computers.
Eg3：A host of youngsters find it rather boring and hard to understand literature.
?4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句
A. 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)：
Eg1：I love you. /I do love you. / I did love you.
Eg2：Cell phone/ Internet/ computer brings us convenience.
Cell phone/ Internet/ computer does bring us convenience.
B. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句式：It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that/who+句子其他成分。
【步驟】
a. 先寫(xiě)出正確的簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句或復(fù)合句，明確單句的各個(gè)成分。
b. 在被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分(除謂語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)外)兩邊添加it is/was 和that/who， 其他成分不變，必要時(shí)調(diào)整順序。
【強(qiáng)調(diào)句式特征】去掉it is/was…that/who結(jié)構(gòu)，整個(gè)句子無(wú)冗余或成分殘缺。
Eg1：My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is my mother who/that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.
Eg2：Parents’ protection does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)句式否定形式)It is parents’ protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
Eg3：The Internet does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
It is the Internet that does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
?5. 倒裝
A. 表否定的副詞、短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)位于主語(yǔ)之前或句首，主句半倒裝(一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序);如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, on no account, by mo means, in no case,
Eg1：I will never agree. Never will I agree.
B. Only +狀語(yǔ)位于句首，主句半倒裝。
Eg1：When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness.
Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness.
Eg2：When his computer crashes, he will come down-stairs for something to eat.
Only when his computer crashes, will he come down-stairs for something to eat.
Eg3：By doing small things, teenagers can accumulate ability and experience for something big.
Only doing small thing, can teenagers accumulate ability and experience for something big.
C.As/though倒裝形式
Eg1：Although she is a girl, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Girl as she is, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Eg2：Though it is convenient, online shopping leads to some problems.
Convenient as/though it is, online shopping leads to some problems.
Eg3：Although it is simple, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
?6.雙重否定：
Eg1：no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.
In contemporary society, no means of communication is more popular and common than cell phones.
Eg2：A strong will is very important.
The importance of a strong will cannot be too emphasized.
Eg3：Education helps people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
Without education, it is impossible for people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
?7. Ving/ved 狀語(yǔ)
A. 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且主語(yǔ)一致，將次要?jiǎng)幼鲗?xiě)成v-ing或v-ed形式做狀語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)寫(xiě)成v-ing形式、為被動(dòng)關(guān)系是寫(xiě)成V-ed形式。
Eg1：I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.
I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.
Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.
Eg2：When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Bicycles, compared with cars, are superior in several ways.
B.兩個(gè)動(dòng)作主語(yǔ)一致，但前后發(fā)生，則可將先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作寫(xiě)成Having +ved形式。
Eg1：He had lived in this city for years. He had no difficulty finding the way home.
Having lived in this city for years, he had no difficulty finding the way home.
?8. 排比結(jié)構(gòu)
Eg1：Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. (Bacon)
Eg2：We shall fight on the hills. We shall fight in the streets. We shall fight blood and sweet and tears. (Churchill)
Eg3：作為一種重要素質(zhì)，自信帶給我們力量、喚起我們對(duì)生活的熱愛(ài)、幫助我們戰(zhàn)勝困難。
As a vital quality, confidence brings us power, arouses our enthusiasm for life, and helps us to conquer difficulties.
考研英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)2
規(guī)律一：英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用能力不等于英語(yǔ)考試能力
**學(xué)生學(xué)英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程，是不斷參加英語(yǔ)考試的過(guò)程，從中考英語(yǔ)、高考英語(yǔ)，四六級(jí)英語(yǔ)，到專(zhuān)四、專(zhuān)八英語(yǔ)，再到考研英語(yǔ)，甚至出國(guó)考試(托福、雅思、GRE等)。在此過(guò)程中，希望考生們要明白的是，英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用能力不等于英語(yǔ)考試能力，一個(gè)人英語(yǔ)考試時(shí)總能考高分，可就是說(shuō)不好英語(yǔ)，而有的人聽(tīng)力口語(yǔ)能力很好，考試成績(jī)卻很一般。
這一點(diǎn)都不稀奇，能力強(qiáng)但沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)任何考試技能訓(xùn)練，有可能得不到高分。能力不強(qiáng)，很有可能在短期內(nèi)獲得考試的高分，盡考研英語(yǔ)參考書(shū)管他的英語(yǔ)溝通能力并沒(méi)有明顯的提高。因?yàn)�，考試的�?nèi)容是相對(duì)有限而有規(guī)定的，而能力的提高是長(zhǎng)期的數(shù)學(xué)考研事情。對(duì)于考研英語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)，無(wú)論是閱讀理解還是英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作，都有考試的規(guī)律性和技術(shù)性。比如，要在閱讀理解上拿高分，并不需要你完全理解文章，只要真正理解20%的內(nèi)容就能解決文章80%的題目。但是要把握如何確定哪些材料屬于20%的關(guān)鍵材料，需要一定的考試訓(xùn)練。
規(guī)律二：考研英語(yǔ)能力的提高需要考試訓(xùn)練
任何一個(gè)考研高分的同學(xué)都離不開(kāi)對(duì)相當(dāng)數(shù)量的好題目的分析和訓(xùn)練。考試能力的提高離不開(kāi)考試技能的提高和對(duì)考試內(nèi)容的訓(xùn)練。
考試訓(xùn)練不是死記硬背，也不是搞題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)，這樣很容易身心疲憊。比如有的同學(xué)在訓(xùn)練時(shí)做了大量的選擇題目，但每次還會(huì)在同樣的地方犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤，原因很簡(jiǎn)單，每次做錯(cuò)題后，都沒(méi)有深入思考一下為什么。這樣的結(jié)果是浪費(fèi)了大量的時(shí)間并且沒(méi)有成就感和進(jìn)步感，從而可能喪失學(xué)英語(yǔ)的.自信。
所以，考試訓(xùn)練的關(guān)鍵考研數(shù)學(xué)大綱問(wèn)題是做題后的反思和總結(jié)，做到“知其然”，又“知其所以然”，才不至于在同一個(gè)地方跌倒兩次甚至多次。
規(guī)律三：考研英語(yǔ)最好的備考資料——?dú)v年真題
時(shí)下，社會(huì)上充斥著各種考試培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)，而我們判斷他們的好壞的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就是其是否對(duì)該考試的歷年真題做分析、研究，并從中總結(jié)出科學(xué)規(guī)律讓考生在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)提高成績(jī)。否則，它的可信度肯定是不高的。
試題一年一個(gè)樣，但對(duì)基本知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查是相對(duì)不變的。英語(yǔ)考試所有的重點(diǎn)單詞盡在歷年真題中;英語(yǔ)考試所有基礎(chǔ)重點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)盡在歷年真題中;英語(yǔ)考試所有的重要規(guī)律盡在歷年真題中。
考研英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu) (菁選2篇)擴(kuò)展閱讀
考研英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu) (菁選2篇)（擴(kuò)展1）
——考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作需要掌握哪些語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu) (菁選2篇)
考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作需要掌握哪些語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)1
?1. 主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句
“英文多被動(dòng)，漢語(yǔ)多主動(dòng)”，還需要警惕名詞與動(dòng)詞之間暗含的“主被動(dòng)”關(guān)系。
Eg1: It is said that …據(jù)說(shuō)/相傳
Eg2：I suggest that … It is suggested that …
Eg3：Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建議
Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly appreciated. 表感激
Eg5：Students should study hard.
Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.
?2. 簡(jiǎn)單句變從句
名詞性從句，含主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句四種;定語(yǔ)從句;狀語(yǔ)從句
A. 主語(yǔ)從句：
Eg1：What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.
Eg2：It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it為形式主語(yǔ);that從句為真正主語(yǔ))
B.賓語(yǔ)從句：
Eg1：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.
Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.
Eg3：明智的人不為別人的想法所影響。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.
C. 表語(yǔ)從句：
Eg1：That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.
Eg3：In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.
D. 同位語(yǔ)從句
Eg1：(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (該句中a dream = that 從句，)
Eg2：Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.
E. 含同位語(yǔ)句式
A.人 身份
Eg. I am convinced that …
As a college student, I am convinced that …
I, as a college student, am convinced that …
B. 物 性質(zhì)
Eg. A strong will brings us power …
As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…
A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…
插入語(yǔ)
Eg1：As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are perse.
The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are perse.
Eg2：All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.
The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.
Eg3：Even so, others hold a different view.
Others, even so, hold a different view.
Eg4：Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽車(chē)跟很多其他事物一樣，具有兩面性)
Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.
F. 定語(yǔ)從句：
步驟：1)先寫(xiě)出正確簡(jiǎn)單句，確定被修飾成分(中心名詞)
2)在中心名詞后加入定從，關(guān)系詞who, whose, whom, where, which, when
Eg1：Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.
Eg2：I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?
?3. it 句式
A. 形式主語(yǔ) it is +被動(dòng)/形容詞/名詞+that從句/to do …
Eg1：It is suggested/ well-advised / supposed / proposed that sb. should (not) do …
Eg2：It is essential / necessary / advisable / convenient/ difficult/ hard/ comfortable for sb. (not) to do
Eg3：It is essential / necessary that sb. should (not) do …
Eg4：It is useless/useful doing sth.
B. 形式賓語(yǔ)
Eg1：An increasing number of students find it difficult to spell common words correctly.
Eg2：An increasing number of parents find it hard to have opportunities to chat with kids, who spend too much time on computers.
Eg3：A host of youngsters find it rather boring and hard to understand literature.
?4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句
A. 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)：
Eg1：I love you. /I do love you. / I did love you.
Eg2：Cell phone/ Internet/ computer brings us convenience.
Cell phone/ Internet/ computer does bring us convenience.
B. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句式：It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that/who+句子其他成分。
【步驟】
a. 先寫(xiě)出正確的簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句或復(fù)合句，明確單句的各個(gè)成分。
b. 在被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分(除謂語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)外)兩邊添加it is/was 和that/who， 其他成分不變，必要時(shí)調(diào)整順序。
【強(qiáng)調(diào)句式特征】去掉it is/was…that/who結(jié)構(gòu)，整個(gè)句子無(wú)冗余或成分殘缺。
Eg1：My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is my mother who/that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.
Eg2：Parents’ protection does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)句式否定形式)It is parents’ protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
Eg3：The Internet does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
It is the Internet that does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
?5. 倒裝
A. 表否定的副詞、短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)位于主語(yǔ)之前或句首，主句半倒裝(一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序);如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, on no account, by mo means, in no case,
Eg1：I will never agree. Never will I agree.
B. Only +狀語(yǔ)位于句首，主句半倒裝。
Eg1：When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness.
Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness.
Eg2：When his computer crashes, he will come down-stairs for something to eat.
Only when his computer crashes, will he come down-stairs for something to eat.
Eg3：By doing small things, teenagers can accumulate ability and experience for something big.
Only doing small thing, can teenagers accumulate ability and experience for something big.
C.As/though倒裝形式
Eg1：Although she is a girl, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Girl as she is, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Eg2：Though it is convenient, online shopping leads to some problems.
Convenient as/though it is, online shopping leads to some problems.
Eg3：Although it is simple, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
?6.雙重否定：
Eg1：no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.
In contemporary society, no means of communication is more popular and common than cell phones.
Eg2：A strong will is very important.
The importance of a strong will cannot be too emphasized.
Eg3：Education helps people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
Without education, it is impossible for people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
?7. Ving/ved 狀語(yǔ)
A. 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且主語(yǔ)一致，將次要?jiǎng)幼鲗?xiě)成v-ing或v-ed形式做狀語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)寫(xiě)成v-ing形式、為被動(dòng)關(guān)系是寫(xiě)成V-ed形式。
Eg1：I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.
I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.
Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.
Eg2：When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Bicycles, compared with cars, are superior in several ways.
B.兩個(gè)動(dòng)作主語(yǔ)一致，但前后發(fā)生，則可將先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作寫(xiě)成Having +ved形式。
Eg1：He had lived in this city for years. He had no difficulty finding the way home.
Having lived in this city for years, he had no difficulty finding the way home.
?8. 排比結(jié)構(gòu)
Eg1：Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. (Bacon)
Eg2：We shall fight on the hills. We shall fight in the streets. We shall fight blood and sweet and tears. (Churchill)
Eg3：作為一種重要素質(zhì)，自信帶給我們力量、喚起我們對(duì)生活的熱愛(ài)、幫助我們戰(zhàn)勝困難。
As a vital quality, confidence brings us power, arouses our enthusiasm for life, and helps us to conquer difficulties.
考研英語(yǔ)中應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作，通過(guò)模板句型，經(jīng)典的例句完全可以得到比較理想的分?jǐn)?shù)，因?yàn)椤把院?jiǎn)意賅”就是它的特點(diǎn)。而大作文對(duì)于語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上的要求要高幾個(gè)level，只是模式化的文字已經(jīng)不足以打動(dòng)考官，需要在原有的結(jié)構(gòu)上進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)新，讓考官看的跌宕起伏，還是昏昏欲睡才是高低分的關(guān)鍵所在。
考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作需要掌握哪些語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)2
一、背誦、默寫(xiě)范文
背誦不能不說(shuō)是積極備戰(zhàn)快速提高寫(xiě)作成績(jī)的一條捷徑。考生可以選擇歷年真題的范文和一些與真題作文相近的文章進(jìn)行背誦。同時(shí)，基礎(chǔ)稍好些的同學(xué)，可以背一下小作文的優(yōu)秀模板，及大作文的模板框架和句式，然后依據(jù)模板進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。
語(yǔ)言要求：
用詞準(zhǔn)確：用詞準(zhǔn)確是最基本的要求之一。
語(yǔ)法正確：語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤是考試的失分點(diǎn)所在，在小作文的寫(xiě)作中應(yīng)盡量少用縮略語(yǔ)和口語(yǔ)。
句型多變：既有并列句，也有復(fù)合句，還有從句。
小作文的考查要求中會(huì)體現(xiàn)出文章的背景場(chǎng)合和寫(xiě)作目的，考生應(yīng)針對(duì)不同情境選擇不同表達(dá)。不同的應(yīng)用文有不同的用語(yǔ)，建議考生對(duì)某些應(yīng)用文的格式和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)加以熟悉和背誦，以便運(yùn)用自如。
二、活用模板，注重素材的積累，適當(dāng)加入自己的內(nèi)容。
我們?cè)诔蹙殞?xiě)作的時(shí)候套用模板是正常的事情，也是一個(gè)必經(jīng)的過(guò)程，只有先試用別人的東西，才能學(xué)習(xí)和積累寫(xiě)作素材。模板要活學(xué)活用，不要一字不差的照抄無(wú)誤，而是要根據(jù)自己所要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行更改。寫(xiě)作不一定要字字句句都是難詞，長(zhǎng)句，而是要學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用一些常見(jiàn)詞的常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)去表達(dá)，這樣才能真正顯示寫(xiě)作的水*。這就要求學(xué)生在*時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中注意積累常用的短語(yǔ)或者詞組，以備寫(xiě)作之用。
另外，關(guān)于寫(xiě)作素材，不僅僅指寫(xiě)作常用的詞匯，句型或者語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，還要包括所用的事例。比如：2001年的寫(xiě)作真題，要求寫(xiě)“愛(ài)心”，第二段要求用實(shí)例證明主題。有的考生見(jiàn)題就寫(xiě)“我考試面臨很大的壓力，我的朋友是如何幫助我排解壓力的”，這顯然就是素材貧乏造成的后果。題目中的“愛(ài)心”是指“大愛(ài)”，陌生人互幫互助的心態(tài)。如果寫(xiě)“汶川地震，希望工程”這類(lèi)事例，顯然非常符合題目要求，而且事例又廣為人知，比寫(xiě)“朋友如何幫助我”更生動(dòng)，更有說(shuō)服力。因此，在*常的練習(xí)中要注意從閱讀中積累素材，積累詞句，而不要僅僅局限于模板之中。
三、使用諺語(yǔ)，增加閃光點(diǎn)
有些意志品質(zhì)類(lèi)的文章，如果加入一句相關(guān)的諺語(yǔ)會(huì)讓你的文章大放光彩。但是不能直接寫(xiě)句子。加一個(gè)模板句型：An ancient oriental philosopher said，“諺語(yǔ)”：一位古老東方的先哲曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，……。有同學(xué)說(shuō)**的諺語(yǔ)為什么用東方的先哲呢?比如：Where there is a will, there is a way.是**的諺語(yǔ)，**也有有志者，事竟成的.語(yǔ)句。文化都是相通的，可以放心來(lái)用。建議大家在閑暇的時(shí)候多翻看一下英文的諺語(yǔ)，積少成多，相信對(duì)大家一定有所幫助。
考研英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu) (菁選2篇)（擴(kuò)展2）
——英語(yǔ)基本句子語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu) (菁選2篇)
英語(yǔ)基本句子語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)1
補(bǔ)語(yǔ):是一種補(bǔ)足主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的意義的句子成分
1. 容詞用作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是常置于主語(yǔ)之前,后有逗號(hào).
Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 我又累又困,就去睡了.
有時(shí)可以置于主語(yǔ)之后,前后都有逗號(hào),與非限定性定語(yǔ)相似.
The man, cruel beyond belief, didn’t listen to their pleadings. 那人不可置疑地殘酷,不聽(tīng)取他們的懇求.
2.可以用做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的有名詞、形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等
They named the child Jimmy. 他們將孩子命名為吉米.(名詞用作并與補(bǔ)語(yǔ))
My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister. 我的母親面很嫩,你會(huì)以為她是我的姐姐(名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))
He boiled the egg hard. 她將雞蛋煮老了.(形容詞用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))
I found the book very interesting.我發(fā)現(xiàn)那本書(shū)很有趣.(形容詞短語(yǔ)用作賓補(bǔ))
The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover. 同志們要白求恩大夫隱蔽一下.(不定式用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))
I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把這個(gè)叫做拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻.(動(dòng)名作賓補(bǔ) )
Don’t take his kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是當(dāng)然的事.
英語(yǔ)基本句子語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)2
定語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明名詞(代詞)的品質(zhì)與特征的詞或一組詞
可用作定語(yǔ)的有：形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句和句子等.
1.形容詞用作定語(yǔ)是大量的.
She is a natural musician. 她是一位天生的'音樂(lè)家.
He must be the best violinist alive.他一定是最好的在世的小提琴手了.(后置定語(yǔ))
2. 名詞用作定語(yǔ).如
A baby girl 女?huà)?/p>
well water 井水
Sports car 雙座輕型汽車(chē)
A fool’s paradise 夢(mèng)幻的天堂
2.代詞作定語(yǔ).
Your hair needs cutting. 你該理發(fā)了.(物主代詞用作定語(yǔ))
Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 人人負(fù)責(zé)就是無(wú)人負(fù)責(zé). (不定代詞所有格作定語(yǔ))
3.數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)
There’s only one way to do it. 做此事只有一法.
Do it now, you may not get a second chance. 現(xiàn)在就干吧,你可能再?zèng)]有機(jī)會(huì)了.
基數(shù)詞用作后置定語(yǔ)： page 24 Room 201 the year 1949
4. 副詞充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)時(shí)常后置
the room above 樓上的房間 the world today 今日世界 the way out 出路 a day off 休息日
5.不定式用作定語(yǔ)
Her promise to write was forgotten.她忘記了答應(yīng)寫(xiě)信的事.
That’s the way to do it.那正是做此事的方法.
6.動(dòng)名詞用作定語(yǔ).
A walking stick 拐杖 sleeping pills 安眠yao eating implements 吃飯用具 learning method 學(xué)習(xí)方法
7.分詞充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)
a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩 a drinking man 嗜酒者 a retired worker 一個(gè)退休工人 a faded flower 一朵謝了的花
7.介詞短語(yǔ)用作定語(yǔ).
This is a map of China. 這是一幅**地圖.
The wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than words. 他那兇暴的目光說(shuō)明得再清楚不過(guò)了.
8.從句用作定語(yǔ),即定語(yǔ)從句
The car that’s parked outside is mine. 停在外面的車(chē)是我的.
Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one. 我在外面看見(jiàn)你的汽車(chē)了,它給另一輛車(chē)撞了.
考研英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu) (菁選2篇)（擴(kuò)展3）
——考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)
考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)1
一、背誦單詞與閱讀相結(jié)合
孤立地按照單詞表背單詞的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于記憶速度很快，而缺點(diǎn)在于記憶不牢固，常常出現(xiàn)"背了后面忘前面"的情況。如果能夠結(jié)合實(shí)際語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行理解、記憶則可以更加有效地記憶詞匯。因?yàn)閱卧~只有放在語(yǔ)境下，放在閱讀中，它才是活的，記憶的速度也會(huì)大為提高，不僅如此，通過(guò)讀文章記憶單詞的過(guò)程中還可以進(jìn)一步熟悉各種英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象、短語(yǔ)，培養(yǎng)良好的語(yǔ)感等。通過(guò)語(yǔ)境背單詞，可以高效地掌握其固定搭配等，從而增加形近詞辨析、近義詞辨析、熟詞辨析、單詞喻義、引申義等的`理解能力。
二、背誦單詞與寫(xiě)作相結(jié)合
寫(xiě)作是練筆的最好機(jī)會(huì)，也是詞匯從大腦中傾瀉到筆端的最好方法�？忌谟洃浽~匯時(shí)，要定期練習(xí)作文話題及句型的寫(xiě)作表達(dá)，以便把那段時(shí)間學(xué)會(huì)的單詞，短語(yǔ)等運(yùn)用到作文的訓(xùn)練中。這樣詞匯的記憶會(huì)更牢固，掌握起來(lái)更容易，同時(shí)也提高了寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)基本功。
三、背誦單詞與循環(huán)復(fù)習(xí)相結(jié)合
記憶英語(yǔ)詞匯，復(fù)習(xí)、背誦是必要步驟。復(fù)習(xí)是為了查漏補(bǔ)缺，是為了更好地鞏固以前所學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)，考研英語(yǔ)中有5500左右詞匯需要掌握，除了按部就班地每日背誦外，還需要及時(shí)回過(guò)頭鞏固復(fù)習(xí)，而循環(huán)記憶的規(guī)律可按照艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線圖的規(guī)律進(jìn)行：當(dāng)天復(fù)習(xí)，三天進(jìn)行小循環(huán)，一周進(jìn)行大循環(huán)，從而做到定時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)，定時(shí)檢查，只有如此，詞匯才會(huì)牢牢記住。
四、挖掘高頻高難詞匯，重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化記憶
考研英語(yǔ)詞匯背誦中，高頻率詞匯和高難度詞匯都要重點(diǎn)記憶。掌握了高頻高難詞匯，考生詞匯記憶中可以省去很多事。考生尤其必須掌握高頻詞匯的拼寫(xiě)、基本用法和意思;考生要通過(guò)精讀歷年真題來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)高頻詞匯，這樣的詞匯需要反復(fù)復(fù)習(xí)，反復(fù)鞏固，才能突破，所以考生們?cè)诿刻斓膹?fù)習(xí)中，要隨時(shí)將較難記憶的單詞做好標(biāo)識(shí)，重點(diǎn)記憶。并且盡量增加使用這些詞匯的機(jī)會(huì)。
五、按照難度分類(lèi)記憶
幾乎所有的詞匯書(shū)都是按照字母順序排列單詞的。這樣的排列方式忽略了一個(gè)最大的問(wèn)題：記憶的相互干擾。比如，當(dāng)你記憶A之后再記憶B，B就會(huì)對(duì)A形成記憶干擾，而再記憶C的時(shí)候就會(huì)對(duì)A和B同時(shí)形成干擾，這就是為什么很多同學(xué)都遇到了"背了后面忘前面"的情況。當(dāng)然，這種干擾不可避免，但我們可以盡量減少干擾的程度。記憶干擾程度的大小取決于你記憶B和C的難度。難度越大，干擾越大。當(dāng)你費(fèi)了九牛二虎之力背下了一個(gè)難度等級(jí)很高的詞匯的時(shí)候，你前面背的很多詞匯也差不多忘了一半。所以，同學(xué)們?cè)诒吃~匯的時(shí)候要注意首先把詞匯按照難度分級(jí)，先選擇容易的記憶，把難背的詞匯放在以后背。這樣可以**提高詞匯的記憶效果。
考研英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu) (菁選2篇)（擴(kuò)展4）
——大學(xué)英語(yǔ)用語(yǔ)法豐富句子結(jié)構(gòu)的寫(xiě)作方法3篇
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)用語(yǔ)法豐富句子結(jié)構(gòu)的寫(xiě)作方法1
名詞性從句，含主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句四種;定語(yǔ)從句;狀語(yǔ)從句
(1)主語(yǔ)從句：
Eg1：What worries many parents is that Internet or com*r games may impact kids’ study.
Eg2：It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it為形式主語(yǔ);that從句為真正主語(yǔ))
(2)賓語(yǔ)從句：
Eg1：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.
Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.
Eg3：明智的人不為別人的想法所影響。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.
(3)表語(yǔ)從句：
Eg1：That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.
Eg3：In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.
(4) 同位語(yǔ)從句
Eg1：(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (該句中a dream = that 從句，)
Eg2：Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.
(5) 含同位語(yǔ)句式
①人 身份
Eg. I am convinced that …
As a college student, I am convinced that …
I, as a college student, am convinced that …
�、� 物 性質(zhì)
Eg. A strong will brings us power …
As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…
A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…
③插入語(yǔ)
Eg1：As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are perse.
The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are perse.
Eg2：All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.
The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.
Eg3：Even so, others hold a different view.
Others, even so, hold a different view.
Eg4：Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽車(chē)跟很多其他事物一樣，具有兩面性)
Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.
(6)定語(yǔ)從句：
步驟：1)先寫(xiě)出正確簡(jiǎn)單句，確定被修飾成分(中心名詞)
2)在中心名詞后加入定從，關(guān)系詞who, whose, whom, where, which, when
Eg1：Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.
Eg2：I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history?
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)用語(yǔ)法豐富句子結(jié)構(gòu)的寫(xiě)作方法2
Eg1：no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.
In contemporary society, no means of communication is more popular and common than cell phones.
Eg2：A strong will is very important.
The importance of a strong will cannot be too emphasized.
Eg3：Education helps people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
Without education, it is impossible for people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)用語(yǔ)法豐富句子結(jié)構(gòu)的寫(xiě)作方法3
(1)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且主語(yǔ)一致，將次要?jiǎng)幼鲗?xiě)成v-ing或v-ed形式做狀語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)寫(xiě)成v-ing形式、為被動(dòng)關(guān)系是寫(xiě)成V-ed形式。
Eg1：I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.
I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.
Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.
Eg2：When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Bicycles, compared with cars, are superior in several ways.
(2)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作主語(yǔ)一致，但前后發(fā)生，則可將先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作寫(xiě)成Having +ved形式。
Eg1：He had lived in this city for years. He had no difficulty finding the way home.
Having lived in this city for years, he had no difficulty finding the way home.
考研英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu) (菁選2篇)（擴(kuò)展5）
——考研英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)復(fù)習(xí)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí) (菁選2篇)
考研英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)復(fù)習(xí)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)1
?虛擬語(yǔ)氣
虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)，所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示。第二點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)�？佳兄械奶摂M語(yǔ)氣一般會(huì)出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解中。是閱讀理解中的一個(gè)考點(diǎn)。
Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”，with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. (2005年 TEXT1)
這是個(gè)含有同位語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由would+動(dòng)詞原形be構(gòu)成。
參考譯文：這樣的行為被認(rèn)為“完全是人類(lèi)獨(dú)有的特點(diǎn)”，其潛在的'含義是其它動(dòng)物沒(méi)有這種敏銳的委屈感。
?省略
省略句是英語(yǔ)的一種習(xí)慣用法。按照語(yǔ)法的分析，句子應(yīng)該具備的成分，有時(shí)出于修辭上的需要，在句中并不出現(xiàn)，這種句子叫做省略句。其特點(diǎn)是：雖然省去句子語(yǔ)法構(gòu)造所需要的組成部分，但仍能表達(dá)其完整的意義。省略形式多樣，從單詞、短語(yǔ)到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的銜接關(guān)系，不容臆斷。省略一般出現(xiàn)在翻譯中，在翻譯的時(shí)候，一定要把省略的部分翻譯出來(lái)，否則會(huì)扣分的。
Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.(2002，翻譯)
參考譯文：如果這些問(wèn)題得不到解決，研究行為的技術(shù)**就會(huì)繼續(xù)受到排斥，解決問(wèn)題的唯一方式不能也隨之繼續(xù)受到排斥。
?從句
從句不能單獨(dú)成句，但它也有主語(yǔ)部分和謂語(yǔ)部分，就像一個(gè)句子一樣。所不同在于，從句須由一個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞(connective)引導(dǎo)。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)從句為主不同大概可分為：主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句6類(lèi)。前四類(lèi)由于主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句及同位語(yǔ)從句在句子的功用相當(dāng)于名詞，所以通稱(chēng)名詞性從句;定語(yǔ)從句功能相當(dāng)于形容詞，稱(chēng)為形容詞性從句;而狀語(yǔ)從句功能相當(dāng)于副詞，稱(chēng)為副詞性從句。
狀語(yǔ)從句還可以分為條件狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。在翻譯的時(shí)候，它會(huì)成為一個(gè)考點(diǎn)，所在在做題的時(shí)候，一定要辨清它到底是什么從句，正確地翻譯出來(lái)。
例如：Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthless”species.(2010，翻譯)
分析：本題中含有兩個(gè)并列的同位語(yǔ)從句，that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on“worthless”species.兩個(gè)that的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面的evidence進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或解釋。
看完這些攻略，要學(xué)會(huì)舉一反三，做題試試吧!
考研英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)復(fù)習(xí)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)2
第一步：找范文
應(yīng)用文考察的書(shū)信類(lèi)型有十幾種，每一種有不同的寫(xiě)作思路。考生需要先根據(jù)書(shū)信類(lèi)型，找出至少兩篇優(yōu)秀的范文。
第二步：改范文
大部分考生找到的范文可能來(lái)自網(wǎng)絡(luò)，或市面上的書(shū)籍。上面即使沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤，但是容易落入俗套，跟其他考生寫(xiě)的一樣。因此，要想得高分，還要根據(jù)應(yīng)用文的寫(xiě)作技巧，對(duì)找到的范文進(jìn)行修改。
第三步：整理思路
改完范文后整理出每一種書(shū)信的寫(xiě)作思路，例如感謝信的寫(xiě)作思路：第一段自我介紹，說(shuō)明目的;第二段說(shuō)明自己的困難—得到什么幫助—幫助后自己有哪些改善—說(shuō)明幫助的重要性;第三段再一次表示感謝，希望償還好意。整理寫(xiě)作思路后，無(wú)論遇到什么樣的文章，都可以做到條理清晰，層次分明。
第四步：背誦范文
將改寫(xiě)完后的范文，以及每一種書(shū)信的寫(xiě)作思路，都背下來(lái)。
考研英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu) (菁選2篇)（擴(kuò)展6）
——考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法有哪些 (菁選2篇)
考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法有哪些1
1.在以never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardly….when, no sooner….than, by no means, under no circumstances 等開(kāi)頭的句子中，主謂要倒裝。這些都是表示否定或半否定意義的詞或詞組。
例如：
Never have I come across such a difficult problem.
我還從沒(méi)有遇到過(guò)這樣困難的問(wèn)題。
Seldom do I read such magazines. 我很少讀這種雜志。
No sooner had they left than the bus arrived.
他們剛走，公共汽車(chē)就來(lái)了。
Never before have I met him. 我以前從未見(jiàn)過(guò)他。
Hardly did I think it possible. 我想這幾乎不可能。
Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but we should try our best to overcome them.
我們不但應(yīng)該不怕困難，而且要盡最大努力克服困難。
Not until midnight did it stop raining. 直到半夜雨才停。
(正常語(yǔ)序是：It did not stop raining until midnight. 注意not位置的變化)
Very seldom do you find that two clocks or watches exactly agree. 你很難發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)鐘或表的時(shí)間完全一樣。
By no means will this method produce satisfactory results.
這種方法決不會(huì)產(chǎn)生令人滿意的結(jié)果。
翻譯練習(xí)(使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))：
1)我從來(lái)沒(méi)有讀過(guò)這么一本有意思的書(shū)。
Never have I read such an interesting book.
2)她一點(diǎn)也不知道會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。
Little does she know what may happen.
3)我簡(jiǎn)直不相信這是真的。
Hardly could I believe it (to be) true.
4)我剛到家，就下起大雨來(lái)了。
No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain heavily.
5)最近我很少見(jiàn)到她。
Seldom have I met her recently.
6)愛(ài)因斯坦不僅是世界聞名的科學(xué)家，而且還是一個(gè)相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的小提琴家。
Not only was Einstein a world famous scientist, but also a fairly good violinist.
7)直到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束，他才回家。
Not until after the war did he return home.
(正常語(yǔ)序是： He did not return home until after the war.)
8)在任何情況下，我們都不應(yīng)該做違***意愿的事。
Under no circumstances should we do anything against the will of the people.
2.在以“only+狀語(yǔ)”開(kāi)頭的句子中，主謂要倒裝。這里only后面必須跟有它修飾的狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句，這是關(guān)鍵。否則就不倒裝。
例如：
Only after the war was over was man able to realize the wickedness of the atomic bomb.
只是在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后人類(lèi)才意識(shí)到***的可惡。
(注意：only 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句不倒裝，主句倒裝。)
Only then did I realize the importance of English.
只在那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到英語(yǔ)的重要性。
Only in this way can we improve ourselves.
只有用這種方法我們才能不斷提高自己。
Only after you finish it can you leave.
只有結(jié)束它以后，你才能離開(kāi)。(主句倒裝)
注意：Only 如不在句首，或only 修飾的不是狀語(yǔ)，則不倒裝。
如：
The contract was signed only after bitter negotiations. 只有在艱苦的談判以后，合同才得以簽署。
(改成倒裝：Only after bitter negotiations was the contract signed.)
Only the senior staff are allowed to use this room.
只許資深的職員使用這個(gè)房間。
Only five passengers survived the accident.
事故中只有五位旅客生存了下來(lái)。
3.用于以表示處所、聲音等意義的副詞開(kāi)頭的句子。用表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的不及物動(dòng)詞(如go, come, rush, fly 等)作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了表示生動(dòng)，可將某些副詞放在句首，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前，形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如：
Away flew the birds. 鳥(niǎo)兒飛走了。
Out went the children. 孩子們出去了。
Down came the rain. 下起大雨來(lái)了。
Bang went the firecracker. 爆竹砰的一聲響了。
The door burst open and in rushed a stranger.
門(mén)突然開(kāi)了，一個(gè)陌生人沖了進(jìn)來(lái)。
4.用倒裝來(lái)避免頭重腳輕，使句子顯得*衡。這主要是因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)或強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。
例如：
At the center of the big room over there is a table that is made of wood which is imported from Brazil of South America.
在那邊那個(gè)大房子的**有一張用從南美洲的巴**口的木頭做成的桌子。
(正常語(yǔ)序：A table that is made of wood which is imported from Brazil of South America is at the center of the big room over there. 這句話主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)間隔太長(zhǎng)，不*衡。)
Still wider will be the use of radar, which plays a very important role in our national defense.
雷達(dá)在我們的國(guó)防事業(yè)中起著非常重要的`作用，它的用處將會(huì)更廣泛。
(正常語(yǔ)序：The use of radar, which plays a very important role in our national defense, will be still wider. 主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)間隔太長(zhǎng)，不*衡。)
Written in English on the blackboard were these words: “Merry Christmas!” 在黑板上用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)著這么幾個(gè)字：“圣誕快樂(lè)!”
Present at the meeting were the school headmaster, the English teacher, and the students’ parents. 出席會(huì)議的有校長(zhǎng)、英語(yǔ)教師和學(xué)生們的家長(zhǎng)。
Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms. 金字塔里面是國(guó)王和王后們的墓穴和通往墓穴的長(zhǎng)通道。
5.其他用法
倒裝還可用在強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的句子中。把表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)提到主語(yǔ)前。
如：
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.
愛(ài)因斯坦就是這樣一個(gè)取得了偉大成就的單純的人。
Such was the story he told me. 這就是他給我講的故事。
Happy is he who devotes himself to the cause of communism.
考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法有哪些2
1.一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句要倒裝
例如：
Shall I open the door? 要我開(kāi)門(mén)嗎?
Are you cold? 你冷嗎?
Can you read this poem in German? 你能用德語(yǔ)朗誦這首詩(shī)嗎?
Which of the pictures do you like best? 你最喜歡哪張畫(huà)?
How are you getting along? 你目前怎么樣?
When will there be lasting peace in the world?
什么時(shí)候世界上才能有持久的和*?
2.There be 句型當(dāng)中。There be 句型表達(dá)的意思是：“某處有….”。這個(gè)句型的主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面，因此這是倒裝語(yǔ)序。
例如：
There are not many people who want to read this book.
想看這本書(shū)的人不多。
There once lived a pack of wolves in this cave.
在這個(gè)洞里曾經(jīng)住過(guò)一群狼。
There happened to be a taxi parked at the gate.
碰巧門(mén)口停著一輛出租車(chē)。
There is going to be a change in our arrangement.
我們的安排將有一個(gè)變化。
3.當(dāng)連詞as 表示“雖然、盡管”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句子要倒裝，as 相當(dāng)于though,可以替換。
如：
Small as/though the atom is, we can smash it.
盡管原子很小，我們可以擊碎它。
Tired as/though he was, he went on working.
(=Although he was very tired, he went on working.)
雖然他很累，他還是接著工作。
Cold as/though it was, we went out. 雖然天氣冷，我們還是出去了。
Child as/though she is, she knows a great deal.
她雖然是個(gè)孩子，但她懂得很多。
Teacher as he is, he knows little about teaching.
盡管他是個(gè)老師，但不懂什么教學(xué)。
Pilots as he claims he is, no one has ever seen him fly a plane.
盡管他聲稱(chēng)是個(gè)飛行員，但誰(shuí)也沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)他非飛機(jī)。
注意后四句是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)作表語(yǔ)并提前，習(xí)慣上不用冠詞。
4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件從句中的if 被省略時(shí)，要把從句中的were, had 或should 移到主語(yǔ)之前。(if 的省略、倒裝只限于從句中有were, had 或should這三個(gè)詞時(shí)。)
例如：
If I had been in your place, I wouldn’t have given it up so early.
=Had I been in your place, I wouldn’t have given it up so early.
如果我在你的位置，我不會(huì)這樣早放棄。
If he were to succeed, the sun would rise from the west.
=Were he to succeed, the sun….
如果他能成功，太陽(yáng)就會(huì)從西邊出來(lái)。
If you should be asked about this, say that you know nothing.
=Should you be asked about this, say……
如果有人問(wèn)起你這件事，你就說(shuō)你什么也不知道。
Were there no air or water, there would be no life on the earth.
如果沒(méi)有空氣和水，地球上就不會(huì)有生命。
Had you been more careful, you might have avoided the mistake.
如果你再細(xì)心點(diǎn)，本來(lái)事可以避免這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的。
5.以so開(kāi)頭的，表示“也一樣”，“也這樣”的句子要倒裝。So 用于肯定句，代替上文中的形容詞、名詞或動(dòng)詞，通常指前面所說(shuō)的肯定情況也適用于其他人或物。結(jié)構(gòu)是“so + be (do, have 其他助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語(yǔ)”。
如：
Production is going up, so is the people’s standard of living.
生產(chǎn)不斷發(fā)展，人們的生活水*也一樣。
Society has changed and so have the people in it. 社會(huì)變了，
社會(huì)上的人也變了。
Coal is under the ground, and so is oil. 煤在地底下，石油也是。
He saw it, and so did I. 他看見(jiàn)了，我也看見(jiàn)了。
They can swim now, and so can we. 他們現(xiàn)在能游泳，我們也能。
We must start for the work-site now. So must you.
我們?cè)搫?dòng)身去工地了，你們也該去了。
注意：如果只是對(duì)前句的內(nèi)容表示同意，則不要倒裝。
如：
It was hot yesterday. ?So it was! 昨天很熱。是的。
He works very hard. ?So he does. 他工作很努力。是的。
Tomorrow will be Monday. ?So it will. 明天星期一。對(duì)。
翻譯下列句子：
1)我會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。我弟弟也會(huì)。
→I can speak English. So can my brother.
2)他們上星期日到頤和園去了。我們也去了。
→They went to the Summer Palace last Sunday. So did we.
3)他去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。我也去過(guò)。
→He has been to the Great Wall. So have I.
4)她喜歡教英語(yǔ)。我姐姐也喜歡。
→She enjoys teaching English. So does my sister.
5)你說(shuō)他很努力，對(duì)，他確實(shí)很努力，你也一樣。
→You say he works hard. So he does, and so do you.
注意：在so…..that…..結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果so 在句首，通常也用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如：
So easy is it that a boy can learn it.
那很容易，小孩子都能學(xué)。
(原句是：It is so easy that a boy can learn it.)
So rapidly did he speak that we could hardly understand him clearly. 他說(shuō)得很快，我們簡(jiǎn)直聽(tīng)不清楚。
(原句是：He spoke so rapidly that we could hardly understand him clearly.)
6.以neither與nor開(kāi)頭的句子，表示“…也不”時(shí)，句子倒裝。Neither 與nor 意思相同，可以互換。Neither, nor 用于否定句，通常指前面所說(shuō)的否定情況也適用于其他人或物。結(jié)構(gòu)是：Neither (nor) + be (do, have, 其他助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞) +主語(yǔ)。
例如：
I won’t do such a thing. Nor/Neither will anyone else.
我不會(huì)做這樣的事，別人也不會(huì)。
The first one wasn’t good and neither was the second.
第一個(gè)不好，第二個(gè)也不好。
I won’t go there. Neither will she.
我將不去那里。她也不去。
翻譯練習(xí)：
1)我不知道他住哪兒。她也不知道。
I don’t know where he lives. Neither does she.
2)我不知道這兩個(gè)句子的區(qū)別。?他們也不知道。
I don’t know the difference between these two sentences. Nor do they.
3)我昨天晚上沒(méi)有寫(xiě)作文。魏芳也沒(méi)寫(xiě)。
I didn’t write my composition yesterday evening. Neither did Wei Fang.
4)學(xué)生們不在教室里。老師也不在。
The students were not in the classroom. Nor was the teacher.
7.以here, there, now, then 等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子中。習(xí)慣上用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(除以then開(kāi)頭的句子用過(guò)去時(shí))。
例如：
There comes the bus! 汽車(chē)來(lái)了。
There goes the bell. 鈴響了。
Now comes your turn. 該輪到你了。
Then came a new difficulty. 接著來(lái)了個(gè)新難題。
Then followed three days of heavy rain. 后來(lái)連著下了三天大雨。
Up went the plane. 飛起來(lái)了飛機(jī)。
Our rushed a cat from under the bed. 從床底下竄出一只貓。
Here is a letter for you. 這兒有你一封信。
注意：在這種句型中，如果主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)就不倒裝。
例如：
Here you are. 給你。
There he comes. 他來(lái)了。
Here it is. 這就是。
8.在表示祝愿的句子中。
如：
May you have a pleasant trip. 祝你旅途愉快。
考研英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu) (菁選2篇)（擴(kuò)展7）
——考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)的解析 (菁選2篇)
考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)的解析1
在學(xué)習(xí)考研英語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，我們常常會(huì)遇到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的四種變化，分別是時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、情態(tài)和變態(tài)(即虛擬語(yǔ)氣)。其中非常重要而又容易混淆的便是動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法和選擇。好多情況下是同學(xué)們記不住各種時(shí)態(tài)的細(xì)微差別，或是老師講解時(shí)可以分清怎么去使用，過(guò)一段時(shí)間卻又忘記了。出現(xiàn)這種情況主要是因?yàn)橥瑢W(xué)們沒(méi)有抓住時(shí)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，一是時(shí)，一是態(tài)。時(shí)指時(shí)間，包括過(guò)去，過(guò)去將來(lái)，現(xiàn)在，將來(lái)。態(tài)指狀態(tài)，有完成(全部完成)和未完成(部分完成)兩種狀態(tài)。本文我們就時(shí)態(tài)中比較難的而且是同學(xué)們易出錯(cuò)的完成時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)講解。
態(tài)，顧名思義，是指一件事存在的狀態(tài)，有完成(全部完成)和未完成(部分完成)兩種。而我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)時(shí)一說(shuō)起完成時(shí)態(tài)，同學(xué)們經(jīng)常想到的是事情完成了這一種狀態(tài)，常常忽略了第二種情況，那就是事情沒(méi)有全部完成，只是完成了一部分。這種情況在生活中也是常常出現(xiàn)的，比如說(shuō)我需要閱讀5篇文章，現(xiàn)在我讀完3篇文章了。這種情況就屬于部分完成。所以，以后我們?cè)谡f(shuō)到完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，也要考慮到事情可能沒(méi)有做完，只是完成了一部分這種情況。換言之，完成時(shí)就是截止到某個(gè)時(shí)間，匯報(bào)一下事情完成的狀況，可以是全部完成，也可以是部分完成�，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是指截止到現(xiàn)在，匯報(bào)事情完成的狀況;過(guò)去完成時(shí)是指截止到過(guò)去某點(diǎn)，匯報(bào)事情完成的狀況;將來(lái)完成時(shí)是指截止到將來(lái)某點(diǎn)，匯報(bào)事情完成的狀況。下面就以現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為例來(lái)講解一下完成時(shí)的用法。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，時(shí)間截點(diǎn)為現(xiàn)在，即看待問(wèn)題的角度是站在現(xiàn)在往前看完成的狀況，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在的之前，可能做完了，也可能沒(méi)有做完。在說(shuō)話者心目中，動(dòng)作所產(chǎn)生的影響或后果，所造成的狀態(tài)，在截止時(shí)間的當(dāng)時(shí)或稍后依然存在，或仍有聯(lián)系。這也是說(shuō)話者關(guān)心的焦點(diǎn)。包括以下三種情況：
1.一個(gè)發(fā)生在時(shí)間截止點(diǎn)之前的動(dòng)作，或者是在時(shí)間截止點(diǎn)之前已完成的動(dòng)作; Jane has gone to London. 珍妮已去倫敦。(表示現(xiàn)在之前已完成的動(dòng)作)
2.一個(gè)在時(shí)間截止點(diǎn)之前重復(fù)的動(dòng)作;We have had four tests so far this semester. 這學(xué)期，我們到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)考過(guò)四次了。(表示現(xiàn)在以前重復(fù)發(fā)生的行為)
3.一個(gè)一直進(jìn)行到時(shí)間截止點(diǎn)的動(dòng)作;I have known him for more than ten years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)他已經(jīng)十多年了。(表示現(xiàn)在以前一直進(jìn)行的行為)
在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，動(dòng)作是否在時(shí)間截止點(diǎn)之后仍要進(jìn)行不是我們關(guān)心的焦點(diǎn)。如果要表示動(dòng)作在時(shí)間截止點(diǎn)之后仍要進(jìn)行需用完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：He has waited for 3 hours.表示可能繼續(xù)等下去，也可能不再等了。而He has been waiting for 3 hours.強(qiáng)調(diào)沒(méi)有完成，仍要繼續(xù)等下去。
從上面的分析可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，動(dòng)作或行為發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在的以前，它們所產(chǎn)生的影響或后果，所造成的狀態(tài)，到現(xiàn)在依然存在，或與現(xiàn)在仍有聯(lián)系。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)就像是一座橋梁把現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去連接起來(lái)。而一般過(guò)去時(shí)單純陳述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情。如They worked together as partners for ten years. 他們?cè)鳛楹匣锶艘粔K工作過(guò)十年。(兩人現(xiàn)已不在一起工作)They have worked together as partners for ten years. 他們作為合伙人已經(jīng)一起工作過(guò)十年了。(可能仍在合作，也可能剛剛結(jié)束合作)They have been working together as partners for ten years. 他們作為合伙人已經(jīng)一起工作十年了。(還要繼續(xù)合作)
以上是關(guān)于英語(yǔ)完成時(shí)態(tài)在使用時(shí)需要注意的一些問(wèn)題，我們一定要謹(jǐn)記時(shí)態(tài)之"態(tài)"表示的狀態(tài)有兩種，可以是全部完成，也可以是部分完成，而不是僅僅包含完成這一種狀態(tài)。希望本文的英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)小解對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有幫助。
考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)的解析2
大家都知道一山不能容二虎，在英語(yǔ)句子中也遵循這個(gè)規(guī)律，即一個(gè)句子只能有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，如：I tell her the news. 但是有的時(shí)候一個(gè)句子的某一個(gè)成分，如主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)等等，所涵蓋的信息量過(guò)大，一個(gè)單詞或是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)無(wú)法全面表達(dá)，這時(shí)候就會(huì)用一個(gè)從句(表示從屬關(guān)系)來(lái)代替。比如說(shuō)，上句話中我們要表達(dá)我告訴她我媽媽已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。此時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)涵蓋的信息量過(guò)大，需要用一個(gè)句子來(lái)表示：My mom has come back. 整句話就變?yōu)镮 tell her my mom has come back. 這句話中，主句中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，從句中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)謂語(yǔ), 因而違背了一個(gè)句子只有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)的原則，那么該怎么辦呢?為了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，我們?cè)趶木渲凹由弦龑?dǎo)詞，表明從句的身份，從而讓從句比主句低一級(jí)，容許在從句中再出現(xiàn)謂語(yǔ)成分。從而上面的句子改寫(xiě)為I tell her that my mom has come back. 引入引導(dǎo)詞后，既能完成表意的功能，又滿足語(yǔ)法的要求。這就是從句和引導(dǎo)詞的起源。
剛才提到一個(gè)句子的某一個(gè)成分，如主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)等等，所涵蓋的信息量過(guò)大，一個(gè)單詞或是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)無(wú)法全面表達(dá)，這時(shí)候就會(huì)用一個(gè)從句(表示從屬關(guān)系)來(lái)代替。也就是說(shuō)，我們?cè)谂袛鄰木鋾r(shí)可以將從句還原到主句中，看從句在主句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分，從句便是什么類(lèi)型的從句。例如，從句在主句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，便是主語(yǔ)從句。具體到操作層面分為兩個(gè)步驟，一是找到從句，即找到引導(dǎo)詞，二是根據(jù)從句在主句中的位置，判斷從句在主句中充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞帧Ｖ髡Z(yǔ)從句在主句主語(yǔ)的位置，謂語(yǔ)之前(若用it做形式主語(yǔ)，則在謂語(yǔ)之后);賓語(yǔ)從句在主句中賓語(yǔ)的位置，謂語(yǔ)之后;表語(yǔ)從句在主句中表語(yǔ)的.位置，系動(dòng)詞之后;同位語(yǔ)在主句中同位語(yǔ)的位置，名詞之后;定語(yǔ)從句在主句中定語(yǔ)的位置，名詞之后;狀語(yǔ)從句在主句中狀語(yǔ)的位置，位置比較靈活，可放在句首或句尾。下面我們看一個(gè)例子。
John once talked to his mom about the cities that he had visited abroad. 判斷這個(gè)句子的從句類(lèi)型時(shí)，首先找到引導(dǎo)詞that, 然后判斷從句位置，在名詞cities之后，并且that在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成分，故為定語(yǔ)從句。
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