非限制性定語從句例句

　　非限制性定語從句

　　非限制性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通常和主句間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

　　1. which引導的非限定性定語從句，可用來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分。如：

　　She heard a terrible noise，which brought her heart into her mouth．

　　David studies hard and is ready to help others，which is what his parents expect．

　　2. 在非限制性定語從句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which或as代表事物。關(guān)系代詞作定語時用whose。如：

　　He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

　　In the basket there are quite many apples, which have gone bad.

　　There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.限

　　His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.

　　China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.

　　限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句有時表達的意義不同，試分析下面兩個句子的差別：

　　His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.

　　他那當醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上大學。（他還有其他的哥哥）

　　His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.

　　他的哥哥是當醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學。（他只有一個哥哥）

　　3. as和which引導非限制性定語從句

　　as和which引導非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：

　　1）As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。

　　He married her, as/which was natural.

　　He was honest, as/which we can see.

　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

　　The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.

　　As is know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.

　　2）as 引導非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以

　　切割一個主句；which引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。

　　As is known to all, China is a developing country.

　　He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.

　　John, as you know, is a famous writer.

　　He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.

　　注意：當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，常用which

　　Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.

　　3）the same… as；such…as 是固定結(jié)構(gòu), 意思是“和……一樣……。” 如：

　　I have got into the same trouble as he (has).

　　I have never heard such a story as he tells.

　　He is not such a fool as he looks.

　　This is the same book as I lost last week.

　　注意：當先行次由the same修飾時，偶爾也用that引導定語從句，但是和由as所引導的定語從句意思不同。如：

　　She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.

　　她穿著她在瑪麗婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。

　　She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.

　　她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。

　　語法專項練習

　　單項填空

　　1. The soldier ran to the building, and ____flew a flag.

　　A. on the top of which B. on the top of whom

　　C. on the top of it D. which

　　2. When the same man ____murdered the old lady entered the hotel once more,

　　the waiter immediately phoned the police.

　　A. as B. that C. which D. whom

　　3. He wore, ____was very common at the time, a black jacket.

　　A. that B. which C. it D. what

　　4. Was it in the room ____Mr. Johnson lived ____the exhibition was held?

　　A. that; that B. where; that C. where; where D. that; where

　　5. ____, the population of China is the largest in the world.

　　A. It is known that B. As is well known

　　C. Which is well known D. We all know that

　　6. This is the very reason____ he gave me.

　　A. that B. why C. for which D. which

　　7. He arrived in New York in 1949, ____, some time later, he became a writer.

　　A. when B. where C. that D. which

　　8. They’re talking about the newly opened market, ____you get all ____you need.

　　A. in which; which B. where; that C. where; which D. which; that

　　9. She heard a terrible noise, ____brought her heart into her mouth.

　　A. it B. which C. this D. that

　　10. I said nothing, ____made her angry.

　　A. which B. what C. / D. that

　　11. I shall never forget the time ____the blacks and whites were fighting side by side.

　　A. when B. that C. / D. A, B and C

　　12. He has three sons, ____are doctors.

　　A. two of whom B. both of whom C. all of them D. each of them

　　13. He tore up my photo, and____ made me angry.

　　A. that B. what C. which D. who

　　14. I still remember the sitting-room____ my mother and I sat in last year.

　　A. where B. in which C. that D. to which

　　15. The day we looked forward to ____.

　　A. come B. coming C. having come D. has come

　　答案

　　1. C。由于and 的存在，這是并列句，而不是非限制性定語從句，排除A.

　　2. B。這里the same修飾man，其后只能用能代表人的關(guān)系代詞that引導定語從句； whom是賓格，這里引導詞要在從句中作主語，故不能用。

　　3. B。which引導一個非限制性定語從句，which所代表的.是整個主句的意思，為了強調(diào)從句而提前了。

　　4. B。識別強調(diào)句型不難，但極有可能在第一個空填that, 而誤選D。其實被強調(diào)的部分還含有一個定語從句，修飾room.

　　5. B。只有as引導的非限制性定語從句可位于主句之前，排除C；若去掉句中的逗號，A項則可構(gòu)成含有主語從句的復合句，D項則可構(gòu)成含有賓語從句的復合句。

　　6. A。強干擾項是B. 這里不選why，是因為定語從句缺的是賓語，故用關(guān)系代詞that. 試比較：This is the reason why he gave me so much money; 先行詞已被very一類的詞修飾過了，其后定語從句不用which引導，故亦排除D.

　　7. B。強干擾項是A. 想當然地認為定語從句先行詞是時間，事實上，這個非限制性定語從句所修飾的先行詞是地點New York, 被介詞結(jié)構(gòu)分隔了。

　　8. B。where引導非限制性定語從句，在該定語從句中，不定代詞all又帶that引導的限制性定語從句。

　　9. B。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看，這是個主從復合句，故不用it和this; 引導非限制性定語從句不用that.

　　10. A。如果只想當然地認為nothing是不定代詞，其后的定語從句要用that引導，就錯了。這里是一個非限制性定語從句，應(yīng)該用which引導，并且which所代表的是整個主句的意思。

　　11. D。英語中少數(shù)幾個與時間有關(guān)的名詞，如the time, the day, the moment作先行詞，所帶定語從句的引導詞可用that 代替when, 也可以省略。

　　12. A。如果看出這是個定語從句，C、D很容易排除。Both of whom中的whom指兩個，數(shù)量是2/2；two of whom, whom指三人，數(shù)量是2/3.

　　13. A。強干擾項是C, 因為有and，這是并列句, 不是非限制性定語從句。這里that是指示代詞，作主語。

　　14. C。如果錯誤地把后面的介詞in理解為in last year, 可能誤選A、B. 事實上，in 與前邊的關(guān)系代詞that引導定語從句。Last year是名詞詞組作時間狀語，不加冠詞。

　　15. D。這里 “(that/which) we looked forward to” 是修飾the day 的定語從句；to的賓語是省略了的引導詞。